一期后路全椎弓根螺钉矫形治疗成人僵硬性脊柱侧凸

目的回顾分析一期后路全椎弓根螺钉矫形治疗成人僵硬性脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法2001年1月。2007年5月,通过一期后路全椎弓根螺钉矫形治疗了19例成人僵硬性脊柱侧凸患者。术前冠状面主凸Cobb角为59．2°（43°-90°）,侧屈位平均矫正率为25％。术后平均随访18个月（10—43个月）,通过影像学检查对手术矫形效果及躯干平衡情况进行分析,末次随访时进行患者主观疗效评价。结果所有患者术后外观明显改善。总体冠状面主凸平均Cobb角矫正率为45．9％。末次随访冠状面Cobb角平均丢失3．1°。冠状面平衡由术前平均2．8cm矫正为术后平均0．8cm。15例患者对手术表示满意。结论对于成人僵硬性脊柱侧凸,一期后路全椎弓根螺钉矫形技术可以获得较高的冠状面矫正率,重建躯干平衡,患者满意度较高,并发症较少。     

应用Isola内固定系统矫治重度脊柱侧凸

目的:探讨Isola脊柱内固定系统矫治重度脊柱侧凸的方法并评价其疗效。方法:1998年6月至2003年1月应用Isola脊柱内固定系统治疗重度脊柱侧凸32例,其中特发性脊柱侧凸25例,神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸3例,神经肌肉性脊柱侧凸4例。冠状面主弯Cobb角92.1°±11.4°(75°～116°)。根据不同的侧凸类型、侧凸角度、柔韧性等采用一期前后路联合矫形、分期前后路联合矫形或单纯后路矫形手术,术中运用悬臂技术产生的平移力进行矫形,同时应用椎板下钛缆固定。比较术前、术后冠状面和矢状面的畸形程度,并通过躯干侧移(LT)值分析躯干平衡的重建。结果:随访6~48个月,平均18个月,全组患者术后冠状面矫形效果明显,Cobb角术后与术前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),主弯平均Cobb角矫正率为53.8%,末次随访冠状面Cobb角平均丢失3.3°±3.8°。矢状面上81.3%的患者恢复了胸椎生理性后凸(30°~50°),84.4%的患者恢复了腰前凸(40°~60°)。术后LT值矫正率为67.1%,与冠状面Cobb角的矫正率呈正相关。结论:应用Isola内固定系统矫治重度脊柱侧凸,利用悬臂技术产生的平移力尤其与椎板下钛缆矫形固定相结合,可获得冠状面上较高的矫正率,同时可获得矢状面的矫正并达到躯干平衡。     

TSRH系统后路矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(附36例初步报告)

目的 :研究TSRH系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸 (AdolescentIdiopathicScoliosis,AIS)的矫形效果。方法 ,1 998～ 2 0 0 0年共 36例行TSRH系统矫形内固定术的AIS患者。平均随访时间为 2 1个月 (6～ 39个月 )。结果 :术前平均Cobb角为 57°,术后为 1 8°(平均矫正率为 68% ) ,最后随访时平均Cobb角 2 1°。躯干失平衡及矢状面生理曲度改善。 1例患者术后 3个月横突钩脱出 ,无神经系统并发症。结论 :侧凸TSRH系统后路矫形可获得满意效果     

后路半椎体切除术治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的初步结果

目的评价后路半椎体切除术治疗完全分节半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧后凸的临床效果。方法回顾性分析施行后路半椎体切除术的先天性脊柱侧后凸18例患者的临床资料,男7例,女11例;手术时年龄1.5～18岁,平均11.3岁。半椎体均为侧后方半椎体,其中胸椎8例、腰椎10例。均行后路一期半椎体切除及矫形固定融合术。内固定器械包括CDH2例、TSRH2例、ISOLA8例、Moss-Miami6例。其中4例使用Meshcage椎间支撑融合。结果手术时间2.5～8.0h,平均5.5h;术中出血量150～2000ml,平均918ml,平均输血量850ml;固定节段2～8个椎体,平均3.7个椎体。术后随访6～24个月,平均13.5个月。站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb角由术前平均42.11°矫正至14.25°,平均矫正率66.40%;矢状面Cobb角由术前49.30°矫正至14.12°,平均矫正率69.98%;顶椎偏移由术前26.94mm矫正至11.06mm。终末随访时冠状面Cobb角平均19.39°,丢失5.14°;矢状面Cobb角平均14.80°,无明显丢失。围手术期并发症包括伤口愈合不良1例,椎弓根切割需翻修1例,无神经系统并发症。结论后路半椎体切除可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面和矢状面均可获得良好的矫形,与前后路手术相比,可缩短时间、减少创伤,适用于从胸段至腰段的半椎体畸形。     

马凡综合征脊柱侧凸的手术治疗

目的探讨马凡综合征脊柱侧凸的临床表现和手术方法,评价其疗效.方法回顾性分析1990年1月～2002年11月手术治疗的马凡综合征脊柱侧凸患者10例.评价手术前后侧凸冠状面、矢状面Cobb角、躯干偏移、顶椎旋转度(Nash-Moe法)及顶椎偏距等的变化.结果全部病例术后随访时间4个月～3年,平均15个月.躯干偏移术前平均2.17(0.5～8.0)cm,术后平均1.41(0.5～3.5)cm;顶椎旋转度手术后平均改善1°;顶椎偏距术前平均4.57(1～8.1)cm,术后平均2.14(0～5.5)cm.侧凸主弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均88°(49°～110°),术后平均42°(10°～90°),矫正率为46.38%(18.18%～81.54%),最后一次随访平均46°(11°～96°),平均丢失4°.胸椎后凸术前平均20°(-10°～52°),术后平均23°(0°～35°),最后一次随访平均24°(0°～35°).5例胸腰段后凸畸形Cobb角由术前的平均后凸85°纠正至术后的平均后凸10°.共有3例发生了术后并发症,1例发生假关节予密切随访,1例出现右股前区皮肤麻木经对症治疗1周后消失,1例腰段失代偿者行后路翻修术后取得满意效果.结论马凡综合征脊柱侧凸易产生术后并发症,三维矫形器械可以对马凡综合征脊柱侧凸进行有效地矫正.手术治疗的要点是充分考虑矢状面畸形的矫形、注意腰段或腰骶段的硬脊膜扩张、良好的植骨融合以及术后确切的外固定.     

应用CD三维矫形系统治疗脊柱侧凸

目的 :观察应用CD三维矫形系统矫正脊柱侧凸的冠状面、矢状面和轴面三维畸形的临床疗效。方法 :1 996年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 6月应用CD系统矫治脊柱侧凸 35例 ,其中先天性脊柱侧凸 1 0例 ,特发性脊柱侧凸 2 5例。术前冠状面侧凸Cobb角 45°～ 90°,平均65° ;矢状面脊柱后凸Cobb法 - 1 2°～ 61°,平均 47.5°;旋转畸形Nash Moe法为Ⅰ～Ⅲ度。结果 :术后经 1～ 4年 ,平均 2年随访 ,冠状面畸形为 1 0°～ 45° ,平均 2 4 .5°,平均矫正率为 61 .6 % ;矢状面胸椎后凸 2 0°～ 35°,平均 2 7°,旋转畸形矫正 1度 ,无严重并发症发生。结论 :CD系统具有三维矫形能力 ,矫正效果好 ,固定牢固可靠 ,并发症少     

一期前路松解后路三维矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨一期前路松解后路三维矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的手术策略,并评价其疗效。方法1997年7月～2003年1月应用一期前路松解后路三维矫形治疗重度脊柱侧凸36例,男9例,女27例;年龄13～39岁,平均17.2岁。其中特发性脊柱侧凸33例,神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸3例。术前冠状面Cobb角85°～116°,平均96.2°;矢状面异常20例。前路行凸侧松解、椎间植骨后,同次麻醉下再行后路CD(4例)、CD-Horizon(5例)、TSRH(10例)或Isola(17例)脊柱内固定器械三维矫形内固定及植骨融合,其中31例行胸廓成形术。结果全部病例随访6～48个月,平均24个月。术后冠状面Cobb角30°～65°,平均47.6°,平均矫正率48.5%;80.6%的患者术后维持或达到矢状面平衡。未发生严重的神经系统并发症,无脱钩、断棒及深部感染。术后气胸2例,创伤性胸膜炎1例,术后2年假关节形成1例,术后11个月躯干失平衡1例。随访1年后矫正度丢失大于10°者2例,平均丢失5.2°。结论对重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸应用一期前路松解、后路三维矫形的方法矫形满意。正确选择病例、术前仔细评估、术中应用SEP及唤醒试验可减少神经系统并发症的发生。其远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

一期后路截骨矫形治疗儿童静止期脊柱结核性后凸（侧后凸）畸形

 目的 探讨一期后路截骨矫形治疗儿童静止期脊柱结核性后凸（侧后凸）畸形的疗效。方法 2002年1月至2012年12月手术治疗儿童静止期脊柱结核性后凸（侧后凸）畸形18例,男6例,女12例;年龄4~15岁,平均8.2岁;脊柱结核病程10个月～120个月,平均37.1个月。脊柱后凸畸形位于颈胸交界区2例、胸椎10例、胸腰段5例、腰椎1例。病变累及2个椎体3例、3~5个椎体9例、5个椎体以上6例。其中6例合并脊髓神经损害,Frankel分级C级2例、D级4例。均采后路截骨矫形植骨融合内固定术,经椎弓根截骨16例,全椎体切除截骨2例。术前、术后及随访时摄站立位全脊柱X线片,测量矢状面主弯后凸Cobb角、冠状面主弯侧凸Cobb角及躯干矢状偏移距离,记录脊柱融合固定节段和融合情况。结果 18例均获得随访,随访时间 11~97个月,平均27.8个月。固定节段为5~17个椎体,平均9.6个;融合节段为2~8个椎体,平均4.4个。矢状面后凸由术前平均71.6°矫正至14.5°,矫正率79.7％;冠状面侧凸Cobb角由术前平均9.4°矫正至0.7°。躯干矢状偏移距离由术前平均3.7 mm矫正至术后0.5 mm,平均矫正3.2 mm。末次随访时神经功能均获改善。围手术期主要并发症包括内固定松动4例,胃肠功能障碍2例,胸膜破损5例,脑脊液漏3例。结论 对儿童静止期脊柱结核件后凸（侧后凸）畸形采用后路截骨矫形及内固定是较为安全、有效的方法,融合范围选择和截骨矫形技术是成功的关键。     

后路半椎体切除内固定矫治先天性脊柱侧后凸

目的评价后路一期半椎体切除椎弓根钉矫形治疗先天性半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸的临床效果。方法11例患者,平均年龄9.3岁,4例位于胸椎,5例位于腰椎,均为完全分节型,手术采用后路一期半椎体切除,椎弓根器械矫形并植骨融合。结果手术固定节段2-7个椎体,平均3.3个椎体。术后随访6-30个月,平均14.5个月。全脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb角由术前平均41.15°矫正至15.35°,平均矫正率61.53％,矢状面Cobb角由术前平均34.15°矫正至13.26°,平均矫正率60.27％,顶椎偏移由术前25.34mm矫正至11.46mm,最后随访时侧凸和后凸Cobb角平均分别为16.86°和14.08°,与术后相比无纠正丢失。无任何手术并发症,无内固定断裂脱落,均融合。结论一期后路半椎体切除椎弓根器械矫形是治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸安全、有效的术式,能够获得满意的矫正。     

重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸的一期后路Ponte截骨置钉二期后路矫形术

 目的 探讨一期后路Ponte截骨置钉二期后路矫形在治疗重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸中的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年12月接受一期后路Ponte截骨二期后路矫形治疗的Cobb角大于100°的僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者24例,男9例,女15例;年龄14~30岁,平均（21.4±4.1）岁。术前冠状面主弯Cobb角106°~156°,平均125.8°;后凸角59°~141°,平均100.1°。一期后路Ponte截骨松解、置钉,术后Halo-股骨髁上牵引,再行二期后路置棒矫形融合术。比较术前站立位、后路松解牵引后仰卧位、术后及末次随访的冠状面主弯Cobb角。结果 术前仰卧Bending位主弯侧凸柔韧性为14.8%±7.5%;后路松解牵引后主弯侧凸柔韧性为29.1%±9.9%;较术前平均提高14.3%,差异有统计学意义。后路矫形术后主弯Cobb角平均74.4°±14.5°,矫正率平均41.0%±8.1%;与术前仰卧Bending位和松解牵引后比较矫正率分别提高了26.2%和11.9%,差异有统计学意义。术后随访15~36个月,平均（24.0±5.9）个月。末次随访时主弯Cobb角平均丢失1.4°。术后后凸角平均53.0°±13.7°,较术前（100.1°±23.7°）明显改善,矫正率平均46.1%±11.9%,末次随访时无矫正丢失。牵引中1例发生左侧股骨髁上钉道感染,2例发生左下肢静脉血栓。结论 后路Ponte截骨松解+Halo-股骨髁上牵引能够使重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者获得满意的矫正率,但应注意下肢静脉血栓形成的风险。     

ISOLA与TSRH技术治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的 探讨应用ISOLA及ISRH技术治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效，分析各自相对通应症。方法 在1997年9月至2002年3月份间分别应用ISOLA(28例)及，TSRH(62例)技术治疗共90例特发性脊柱侧凸患者，对侧凸的矫正度、脊柱的平衡以及并发症等结果进行分析。结果 Cobb角小于65度的患者，ISOLA组矫正率率为67％，TSRH组矫正率为62％；Cobb角大于65度的患者．ISOLA组矫正率为59％，TSRH组矫止率为40％。结论 ISOLA及TSRH技术是治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的行之有效的矫形内固定方法对于脊柱侧凸角度超过65度，伴有脊柱侧后凸的患者，运用ISOLA技术矫正效果较好。     

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 12 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction by posterior segmental instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of 12 patients with hemivertebra treated by hemivertebra resection by single posterior approach and correction with segmental posterior instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra causes extremely severe curves in some patients. Posterior fusion or posterior and anterior hemi-epiphysiodesis is performed to prevent progression of the deformity. The results of these procedures have been variable and not promising, especially in an adolescent patient with fixed kyphoscoliotic deformity. Hemivertebra resection offers more certain results and better correction of the deformity. To date, hemivertebra resection is performed by anterior and posterior approaches either by one-stage or two-stage operation. Few reports have been published describing a procedure consisting of one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction of the deformity by segmental posterior instrumentation. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with a single hemivertebra between the ages 8-24 years who underwent operative treatment were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had a single nonincarcerated hemivertebra [T9 (1 patient), T10 (2), T11 (2), T12 (4), and L1 (3)]. After posterior hemivertebra resection, segmental posterior instrumentation was used for correction of the kyphoscoliotic deformity [CD (4 patients), Kaneda SR (2), and ISOLA (6)]. Radiographic evaluations were conducted on the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: All 12 patients had kyphoscoliotic deformity. Preoperative scoliosis averaging 49 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (correction rate, 64%). Preoperative kyphosis of 40 degrees was corrected to 17 degrees of kyphosis. Trunk shift of 23 mm was improved to 3 mm. Correction loss was 2 degrees in the frontal plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and no patients showed more than 5 degrees of correction loss. No intraoperative complications were noted. Solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and no implant failure was verified at the final radiographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that correction of kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra can be effectively conducted by one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation. The operation was safe, and no associated adverse complications were noted. This procedure is best indicated for adolescent patients with a structural kyphoscoliotic deformity caused by a thoracic or thoracolumbar single hemivertebra.     

Texas Scottish Rite Hospital instrumentation for correction of idiopathic scoliosis: short-term results

Summary In this prospective study 27 consecutive patients of an average age of 20±8 years suffering from idiopathic scoliosis were operated on using the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (TSRH) instrumentation in the period from 1992 to 1995 and were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 26 months postoperatively. Curvature correction, derotation of the apical vertebra, frontal and sagittal trunk balance, and L3–L4 and L4–L5 disc-space wedging were evaluated prepostoperatively and at the maximum follow-up of 54 months. The average correction of the thoracic and lumbar scolioses that was obtained immediately postoperatively averaged 41% and 51% respectively. An average 2–4° and 4–5° loss of correction was dependent on King type in the thoracic and lumbar scoliotic curves respectively was observed at the longest follow-up. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis did not significantly change. No significant derotation of thoracic and lumbar apical vertebral rotation was achieved by TSRH but the preoperatively laterally shifted apical vertebra was translated by TSRH instrumentation towards the midline (p<0.001). The position of the T1, and C7 vertebrae in the sagital frontal plane was not significantly changed by TSRH instrumentation postoperatively. The preoperative wedging of the intervertebral spaces L3–L4 and L4–L5 was simultaneously significantly (p<0.01) reduced by TSRH with subsequent horizontalization of the L3, L4 and L5 vertebrae. No trunk decompensation, neurologic complications, infection or pseudarthroses occurred. Lumbar hook dislodgment occurred in the early post-operative period in two patients because of insufficient TSRH rod contouring at the beginning of our learning curve. TSRH is a safe instrumentation that corects idiopathic scoliosis satisfactorily, maintains frontal and sagittal vertebral balance by translating the apical vertebra towards the midline and simultaneously correcting the lowermost lumbar vertebral tilting without associated infection, neurologic complications or decompensation.      

Biomechanical evaluation of anterior spinal instrumentation systems for scoliosis: in vitro fatigue simulation.

STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical study was designed to assess the bone-screw interface fixation strength among five anterior spinal instrumentation systems for scoliosis before and after a fatigue simulation. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the current study were twofold: 1) evaluate the static (initial) strength at the bone-screw interface and 2) evaluate dynamic (post fatigue) strength of the bone-screw interface after a fatigue simulation to investigate a possible mechanism for postoperative loss of correction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although the recent advancement of anterior instrumentation for scoliosis has permitted shorter fusion segments and improved surgical correction, the loss of correction over the instrumented segments still has been reported in one-rod systems. Little is known about the mechanism for loss of correction. METHODS: Twenty-five fresh-frozen calf spines (T6-L6) were used. A total of five instrumentation systems included the following: Anterior ISOLA (ISOLA), Bad Wildungen Metz (BWM), Texas Scottish Rite Hospital system (TSRH), Cotrel-Dubousset Hoph (CDH), and Kaneda Anterior Scoliosis System (KASS). Screw pullout and rotational tests in the sagittal plane using a single vertebra were performed to investigate bone-screw interface fixation strength before and after a fatigue simulation. To simulate cyclic loading that the spine could undergo in vivo, a fatigue simulation using compressive-flexion loading up to 24,000 cycles was carried out. RESULTS: Mean maximum tensile pullout force decreased in the following order: KASS > CDH > BWM > TSRH > ISOLA (F = 29.91, P < 0.0001). KASS blunt tip screw was 26% stronger in pullout force than KASS sharp tip screw (P < 0.05). The one-rod system demonstrated a positive correlation between pullout force and both bone mineral density and screw insertional torque. For fatigue analysis the rotational strength at the most cephalad and caudal segments significantly decreased after a fatigue simulation in the one-rod system (P < 0.05). The two-rod system showed no significant decrease after a fatigue simulation. CONCLUSIONS: Simulating the cyclic loading to the construct, screw loosening at the bone-screw interface was produced in the one-rod system. This screw loosening may elucidate one mechanism for loss of correction in the one-rod system. The two-rod system may have the potential to minimize the risk of loss of correction.     

Anterior fusion for idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: A review of the charts and radiographs of 22 patients with idiopathic lumbar, thoracolumbar, and thoracic scoliosis who underwent single-stage anterior fusion with rigid third-generation instrumentation and titanium surgical mesh implants. OBJECTIVES: To validate a new technique for scoliosis correction by assessing the initial correction of deformity, trunk shift, and rotation. Perioperative statistics as well as complications were reviewed. The maintenance of sagittal balance and rate of fusion were also determined after a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterior correction of scoliosis has been the preferred method of treatment since the introduction of Harrington rods. Recent advances in instrumentation and surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to approach scoliosis correction through the chest and abdomen. These new techniques must be validated before they become accepted alternatives to the standard of care. METHODS: One male and 21 female patients, aged 11-18 years, were observed for an average of 44 months. Matched-pairs t tests were used to compare pre- and postoperative curve measurements. RESULTS: Statistically significant curve improvements were seen when postoperative radiographs were compared with preoperative ones. The instrumented coronal plane curve was corrected 82%. A 65% spontaneous correction of the uninstrumented coronal plane curve was observed. Sagittal kyphosis improved 7 degrees, and apical rotation and tilt angles improved 71% and 80%, respectively. A mean loss of 4 degrees of correction was seen on final follow-up radiographs. Lumbar lordosis did not change significantly, and postoperative hyperlordosis was not detected. Ninety-six percent of all instrumented levels fused within 6 months. Although the perioperative complication rate was low, five patients (23%) had asymptomatic idiopathic retrolisthesis develop at the caudal end of the fused vertebrae. CONCLUSIONS: Accepted correction of idiopathic scoliosis can be achieved with anterior instrumented fusion alone.     

TSRH内固定治疗脊柱侧凸

目的　回顾性研究TSRH(TexasScottishRiteHospital)脊柱内固定系统在治疗脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。 方法　对 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月手术治疗的 12 9例脊柱侧凸患者 ,总结其侧弯矫形、脊柱平衡、并发症及 3年以上的随访结果。根据手术方法不同 ,共分为 4组。A组 :单纯脊柱后路融合固定术 ;B组 :单纯脊柱前路融合固定术 ;C组 :分期前、后路融合固定术 ;D组 :Ⅰ期前、后路融合固定术。四组患者均应用TSRH内固定系统。手术时平均年龄 14 .2岁 (6～ 5 5岁 ) ,平均随访 34个月。结果　A组 :78例病人行单纯脊柱后路融合TSRH内固定 ,术后平均矫形率为6 3.4 %。随访 38个月 (2 4～ 5 0个月 ) ,平均矫形丢失 7°,矫形丢失率平均 9.5 %。本组并发症发生率为 12 .8% ,包括 3例脱钩 ,3例螺钉断裂 (共 6枚螺钉 ) ,1例术后侧弯失代偿 ,1例术后发生曲轴现象。B组 :2 2例患者行单纯脊柱前路融合、短节段TSRH内固定 ,平均矫形率为 74 .8%。平均随访 36个月 ,平均矫形率丢失 5 %。 2例发生一过性交感神经损伤。术后 6个月内均自然恢复。C组 :17例有 90°以上的侧弯 ,且Bending像上侧弯仍大于 7°的患者行前路松解 ,2～ 3周后再行后路融合TSRH内固定。本组平均手术时间 8.3h ,出血 935ml,输血 6 83ml,平均矫形 33.6°,矫     

TSRH器械在特发性脊柱侧凸中的应用

[目的]观察TSRH三维矫形系统矫正特发性脊柱侧凸冠状面、矢状面和轴状面的疗效,评价应用钉棒系统和钉钩棒系统随访时的效果。[方法]分析采用TSRH系统治疗特发性脊柱侧凸79例,男48例,女31例,平均15.5岁。全部应用椎弓根螺钉系统56例,胸椎应用椎弓根钩或椎板钩,腰椎应用椎弓根螺钉23例。对照分析2组的矫正效果。[结果]术后冠状位矫正为18~31°,矫正率为56%~87%,平均为68%,矢状位矫正为21~33°,平均25°,旋转矫正Ⅰ度。身高平均增高3 cm。63例平均随访2.5 a,2组冠状面和矢状面的矫正率以及冠状面矫正度的丢失有明显的差异。[结论]TSRH矫形系统治疗脊柱侧凸可得到满意的治疗效果,应用椎弓根螺钉效果更佳。     

Ponte截骨与SPO截骨联合后路全椎弓根螺钉系统矫正僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的疗效比较

[目的]对Ponte截骨与Smith-Petersen截骨(SPO截骨)治疗僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的临床疗效及影像学结果进行回顾性比较。[方法]2007年5月～2009年3间收治的单纯后路全椎弓根螺钉系统矫正僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的手术病例58例,其中36例行SPO截骨,22例行Ponte截骨。通过影像学检查对两组的手术效果和躯干平衡情况进行分析,末次随访时用中文版SRS-22量表进行患者的健康生存质量评价。[结果]两组患者的性别比例、手术时年龄、Risser征、融合节段数、置钉密度、术前冠状面胸主弯Cobb角无显著性意义(P>0.05)。Ponte截骨组的术后3个月冠状面胸主弯Cobb角矫正率明显大于SPO截骨组,分别为67.1%和56%(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组矫正率得到很好的维持,分别为61%和50.5%(P<0.05)。两组的术前、术后腰椎代偿性次弯Cobb角无显著性差异。两组的术前胸椎后凸Cobb角分别为20.6±8.5°和22.3±10.5°,术后3个月胸椎后凸角SPO截骨组比术前平均增加1.2°,Ponte截骨组比术前平均丢失1.4°,末次随访SPO截骨组胸椎后凸角比术前平均增加1.9°,Pon-te截骨组比术前平均丢失2.9°,两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组的次要并发症无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组均未发生主要并发症。[结论]多节段Ponte截骨能提高僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸冠状面胸主弯Cobb角的手术矫正率,并不增加并发症的发生率,而且能提供更多的局部自体植骨量、增加植骨融合面积。     

Minimum 10 years follow-up surgical results of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with TSRH instrumentation

Last two decades witnessed great advances in the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. However, the number of studies evaluating the long-term results of these treatment methods is relatively low. During recent years, besides radiological and clinical studies, questionnaires like SRS-22 assessing subjective functional and mental status and life-quality of patients have gained importance for the evaluation of these results. In this study, surgical outcome and Turkish SRS-22 questionnaire results of 109 late-onset adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients surgically treated with third-generation instrumentation [Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (TSRH) System] and followed for a minimum of 10 years were evaluated. The balance was analyzed clinically and radiologically by the measurement of the lateral trunk shift (LT), shift of head (SH), and shift of stable vertebra (SS). Mean age of the patients was 14.4±1.9 and mean follow-up period was 136.9±12.7 months. When all the patients were included, the preoperative mean Cobb angle of major curves in the frontal plane was 60.8°±17.5°. Major curves that were corrected by 38.7±22.1% in the bending radiograms, postoperatively achieved a correction of 64.0±15.8%. At the last follow-up visit, 10.3°±10.8° of correction loss was recorded in major curves in the frontal plane with 50.5±23.1% final correction rate. Also, the mean postoperative and final kyphosis angles and lumbar lordosis angles were 37.7°±7.4°, 37.0°±8.4°, 37.5°±8.7°, and 36.3°±8.5°, respectively. A statistically significant correction was obtained at the sagittal plane; mean postoperative changes compared to preoperative values were 7.9° and 12.9° for thoracic and lumbar regions, respectively. On the other hand, normal physiological thoracic and lumbar sagittal contours were achieved in 83.5% and 67.9% of the patients, respectively. Postoperatively, a statistically significant correction was obtained in LT, SH, and SS values (P<0.05). Although, none of the patients had completely balanced curves preoperatively, in 95.4% of the patients the curves were found to be completely balanced or clinically well balanced postoperatively. This rate was maintained at the last follow-up visit. Overall, four patients (3.7%) had implant failure. Early superficial infection was observed in three (2.8%) patients. Radiologically presence of significant consolidation, absence of implant failure, and correction loss, and clinical relief of pain were considered as the proof of a posterior solid fusion mass. About ten (9.2%) patients were considered to have pseudoarthrosis: four patients with implant failure and six patients with correction loss over 15° at the frontal plane. About four (3.7%) patients among the first 20 patients had neurological deficit only wake-up test was used for neurological monitoring of these patients. No neurological deficit was observed in the 89 patients for whom intraoperative neurological monitoring with SSEP and TkMMEP was performed. Overall, average scores of SRS-22 questionnaire for general self-image, function, mental status, pain, and satisfaction from treatment were 3.8±0.7, 3.6±0.7, 4.0±0.8, 3.6±0.8, and 4.6±0.3, respectively at the last follow-up visit. Results of about 10 years of follow-up these patients treated with TSRH instrumentation suggest that the method is efficient for the correction of frontal and sagittal plane deformities and trunk balance. In addition, it results in a better life-quality.