儿童经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术的临床体会

目的 探讨经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术治疗房间隔缺损（ASD）的疗效.方法 胸骨右旁第4肋间切口长2cm,切开心包并悬吊,于右心房壁缝双荷包线,并切开,将输送导管（国产）插入右心房内,通过房间隔缺损口入左心房,在经食管超声监视下,释放出房间隔封堵伞,调整左右侧伞盘夹紧封堵ASD,用保险绳做反复牵拉试验,确认封堵伞位置合适.结果 8例均成功封堵,手术时间25～35 min,平均30 min;术后住院3～6d.术后2～10个月复查,心脏彩超检查封堵伞无移位,无残余分流.结论 在经胸壁超声监视下房间隔缺损封堵术是一种微创、安全、简便,值得推广的方法.     

心脏超声辅助非体外循环下房间隔缺损堵闭术18例

目的 用微创手术方法治疗房间隔缺损及其疗效观察。方法 治疗房间隔缺损患者18例,手术取右胸前外侧切口,于胸骨旁第4肋间切开3 cm长切口,经肋间进胸,切开心包并悬吊,用APACSM房间隔封堵伞,于右心房壁与房间隔缺损对应处缝双荷包线,在右心房荷包线内切开右心房壁,将输送器插入心房内,通过房间隔缺损口直到左心房腔,在食管超声监视下,用推送杆释放出房间隔封堵伞。结果 全部患者手术过程顺利,平均手术时间40分钟,其中平均心内操作10分钟。患者住院5～7日,术后6个月复查,心脏彩超检查堵片无移位,无残余分流。结论 食管超声辅助下房间隔缺损堵闭术是一种微创、安全、确切的治疗方法,病人恢复快,此手术方法有广阔的发展前景。     

经右腋下小切口外科封堵继发孔型房间隔缺损的手术体会

【摘要】目的 总结经右腋下小切口封堵治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）的手术经验,探讨其疗效、适应证及技术要点。 方法 回顾性分析自2013年1月至2016年12月在中山大学附属江门市中心医院采用右腋下小切口行继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵的36例患者的临床资料,其中男21例、女15例,缺损大小5～36mm。所有手术均在全身麻醉、气管插管下进行。患者取左侧卧位,在腋中线与腋前线之间做直切口,长度约2～4cm,约经第4肋间进胸,切开并悬吊心包,于右心房壁缝双荷包线并切开,通过输送导管在食管超声监视下释放房间隔缺损封堵伞。结果 全组无手术死亡;术中无恶性心律失常和气栓发生,术后无脑部并发症,1例封堵伞脱落至右房,经原切口改行体外循环下手术、1例术后有2mm残余分流,术后3个月随访残余分流消失。结论 经右腋下小切口外科封堵是一种治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损的有效手术方式,具有安全可靠、简便、创伤小及术后恢复快等优点,值得临床推广。     

继发孔型房间隔缺损微创封堵的临床研究

目的总结微创封堵治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损的初步经验。方法全组11例,手术前均确诊为继发孔型房间隔缺损,缺损长径14.6～32.5mm。取右前胸2～3cm长的微创切口,在食管超声心动图引导下,经输送器置入封堵伞,以闭合房间隔缺损。结果11例患者手术均获得成功,无手术相关并发症发生。随访3～10个月,封堵伞无移位、无残余漏。结论微创封堵手术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损具有安全、高效的优点。     

房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用Amplatzer伞封堵房缺后心房纤颤的电复律治疗

目的 :初步评价房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损后心房纤颤的电复律疗效。方法 :2例患者 （5 1～ 5 3岁 ）。在透视及食管超声心动图监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer伞封堵房间隔缺损。术后即时行超声心动图 ,术后 2 4h,和 1,3,6月 ,分别行经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损治疗效果。术后 6月行电复律。结果 :2例患者疗效均佳 ,房间隔未见残余分流 ,电复律成功 ,患者转为窦性心律 ,复律后无并发症及 Amplatzer伞移位。结论 :应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者 ,电复律易成功 ,是一种安全有效的复律方法。     

经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术(附79例报告)

79例房间隔缺损患者，取右前胸胸骨旁第4肋间小切口进胸，在经食管超声心动图监测下由右房插入特制推送管，将闭合器嵌入房间隔缺损处，将其封闭。结果本组4例术中封堵失败改为体外循环下手术，75例用闭合器封堵成功，心内操作时间8～46min，平均18min。全部患者均于术后3—4d痊愈出院。随访3～24个月，效果良好，无残余分流。认为经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术是一种简便安全的手术方法。     

微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用

目的总结我院微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用经验。方法对10例继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)患者进行微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术。全麻下右侧胸骨旁第4肋间4-6cm切口,食管超声(TEE)测量房间隔缺损最长径,选择适当封堵伞,TEE监测下释放封堵伞,了解有无残余分流等异常。结果10例患者手术均成功,术中未发生任何并发症,术后复查心彩超未见残余分流。2例出现术后高血压,给与降压对症治疗,1例中度肺动脉高压复查心彩超肺动脉压明显下降,术后右心大小较术前有减小。结论微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术是一种微创手术治疗方法,值得推广、发展。     

经食管超声心动图引导房间隔缺损封堵治疗的研究

目的探讨经食管超声心动图引导房间隔缺损封堵术的方法。方法122例房间隔缺损患者,年龄10～65岁,男性36例,女性86例,在超声和X线共同监测引导下,用CardioSEAL和Amplatzer封堵器进行房间隔缺损封堵治疗。122例均经食管超声监测引导。结果经胸超声测定的房间隔缺损直径范围7.5～27mm,平均(16.5±4.3)mm,经食管超声测定的直径6～33mm,包括7例大于30mm,所有患者均有不同程度的右心房和右心室扩大。114例封堵治疗成功,无并发症发生。结论采用Amplatzer或CadrioSEAL封堵器,在经食管或经胸超声和X线共同监测引导下,可以安全有效地封堵治疗房间隔缺损。     

新型导丝在单纯经胸超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探索一种新型超声专用导丝在单纯经胸超声心动图(TTE)引导下封堵房间隔缺损的安全性和有效性。方法:于2017年11月至2017年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院入选10例房间隔缺损患者,均采用一种新设计的导丝进行单纯TTE引导下房间隔缺损封堵术,这种新型导丝的特点是头端为梭形弹性结构,可以在超声心动图引导下精确定位。手术由3名在单纯超声心动图引导下行封堵手术不超过10例的医生完成。术后即刻通过TTE评价手术疗效。术后1个月、3个月和6个月门诊随访,复查TTE和心电图。结果:10例患者在TTE引导下应用新型导丝成功封堵房间隔缺损。10例患者中,男性4例,女性6例,平均年龄(45.2±13.5)岁,平均体重(65.5±8.8)kg,平均房间隔缺损直径(14.9±5.1)mm。平均手术时间为(20.2±8.9)min,导丝从进入股静脉至左心房所需的时间为(3.6±2.6)min。无导丝脱入右心房。患者在住院期间均无残余分流、外周血管损伤、三尖瓣损伤及心脏穿孔等并发症。随访至术后6个月,均无封堵器脱落、残余分流和心包积液等并发症。结论:新型超声专用导丝可以在超声心动图引导下精确定位,可安全、有效地引导经皮房间隔缺损封堵术。     

经胸超声引导下无放射线经皮房间隔缺损伞堵术6例分析

目的:总结一种新的无放射线的局麻下股静脉穿刺径路经胸超声引导下房间隔缺损伞堵术临床结果。方法:6例患者(男性3例,女性3例),诊断中央型房间隔缺损(缺损直径18~38mm),心功能正常,无合并其他心内畸形,无其他系统功能障碍,采用新的手术方法,于外科手术室(无放射设备),局麻下经股静脉径路,经长鞘管,在经胸超声引导下行房间隔伞堵术。结果:6例封堵术均取得成功,耗时12~56分钟,6例手术均无须行其他麻醉、无须改其他切口,6例患者无须进入ICU,术后无封堵伞脱落,术后复查无明显残余分流。术后平均住院时间2.7天。结论:无放射线的局麻下股静脉穿刺径路经胸超声引导下房间隔缺损伞堵术作为一种微创、无放射线损伤的新的手术方式,可以为外科医生治疗一些较简单的房间隔缺损患者提供选择。     

Detection of atrial septal defect by right sternal border echocardiography

The atrial septum can be visualized by right sternal border 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo). To evaluate the usefulness of this approach in the evaluation of atrial septal defect (ASD), 50 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization were studied by 2-D echo. Twenty-one patients (Group A) had ASD (3 ostium primum, 18 ostium secundum) and 29 (Group B) had mitral valve disease and an intact atrial septum. Subcostal and right sternal border approaches were used to visualize the atrial septum. Both approaches identified the 3 cases of ostium primum ASD; secundum ASD was identified using the subcostal approach in 11 patients and using the right sternal border approach in 13. In 15 patients the ASD was imaged at least by 1 of the 2 approaches. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography showed a positive or negative contrast effect in 13 of 18 cases (12 with standard approaches, 11 with right sternal border approach). In all patients in Group B, the right sternal border approach showed an intact atrial septum. Thus, the right sternal border approach is a useful approach that increases the sensitivity of 2-D echo in the diagnosis of ASD.     

经胸超声心动图在继发孔房间隔缺损封堵术围手术期中的应用价值

目的评价经胸超声心动图（VrE）在继发孔房间隔缺损（ASD）围手术期中的应用价值。方法术前筛选86例有外科手术适应证的继发孔ASD患者,TTE测量各切面ASD大小及残边情况,指导选择封堵器（ASO）型号,术中监测ASO置放及释放过程,术后随访观察。结果86例患者术前TTE测得ASD最大直径5～34（24．4±5．63）mm,所用ASO直径为8—40（27．5±7．12）mm。TTE成功引导81例ASO置人,总成功率为94．2％,其中双孔ASD2例,均置入单个ASO成功。5例术后即刻有微量或少量残余分流,术后3个月复查TTE分流完全消失。结论经导管ASD封堵术是安全可行的方法,T珏对ASD封堵术前病例选择、残边评估、ASO型号选择、术中监测ASO的置放全过程和术后疗效评价有重要临床价值。     

Platypnea-orthodeoxia: management by transcatheter buttoned device implantation.

Dyspnea and arterial desaturation on upright position in elderly subjects is described as platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) and in some patients it is due to right-to-left shunt across the atrial septal defect (ASD)/patent foramen ovale (PFO). Surgical closure of ASD/PFO has been the only available treatment option. Buttoned device has been used for occlusion of ostium secundum ASD, PFO associated with presumed paradoxical embolism and cerebrovascular accidents and ASD/PFO in association with other congenital heart defects causing right-to-left shunt. The objective of this article is to describe the use of buttoned device in effectively occluding ASD/PFO to relieve hypoxemia of POS. During a 4-year period ending January 2000, 10 patients, ages 71 +/- 9 (range 60-83) years with POS underwent buttoned device closure of their ASD/PFO. Echocardiographic and balloon-stretched atrial defect sizes were 8 +/- 3 mm and 12 +/- 3 mm, respectively. The ASD/PFO were occluded with devices ranging in size from 25 to 40 mm delivered via 9 French, long, blue Cook sheaths; eight had an additional 25- or 35-mm occluder placed on the right atrial side. The oxygen saturation increased (P < 0.001) from 76 +/- 7% (range 69-86%) to 95 +/- 2% (range 92-98%). No complications were encountered. Relief of symptoms was seen in all patients. Follow-up of 1-36 months (median 12 months) revealed persistent improvement of symptoms. Buttoned device occlusion of ASD/PFO to relieve hypoxemia of POS is feasible, safe, and effective and is an excellent alternative to surgery. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:77-82.     

Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect with the Amplatz device: initial result and mid-term follow-up

OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous device occlusion of atrial septal defects (ASD) is, although with some limitations, an alternative to surgical closure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ASD closure using the Amplatz device. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to March 2000, 25 children underwent transcatheter closure of ASD at a mean +/- SD age of 8.7 +/- 3.1 years (range 3-15 years) and a mean weight of 31.8 +/- 16.7 kg (range 11-84 kg). Device selection was based on the stretched diameter of the ASD using the PTA OS balloon. The device was implanted under ultrasonographic and radiological guidance. All patients showed signs of volume-overload of the right ventricle. The ASD was single (n = 21), with two separate holes (n = 2), or cribiform (n = 2). RESULTS: The median +/- SD size of the device used was 21.7 +/- 5.4 mm (range 15-36 mm). In twenty-two patients (88%) the device was successfully implanted. A repeat echocardiogram was performed the next day before discharge. Two patients underwent surgery after deployment of the device due to mitral valve dysfunction (n = 1) or residual leak (n = 1). In a patient with a two-hole ASD, another device was percutaneously withdrawn, while still attached to the delivery cable due to incomplete occlusion. CONCLUSION: a) Transcatheter occlusion with the Amplatzer device is an effective treatment for ostium secundum atrial septal defects; b) the low complication rate and the short hospitalization period makes this procedure the treatment of choice in these patients, and c) ASD which are too large, cribiform or with deficient rims may require a different approach.     

Non-surgical repair of atrial septal defect by "buttoned" double disk device in children. First results in 3 children

Transcatheter closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with a "buttoned" double-disk device was attempted in 5 children aged 14 months to 12 years, with success in 3 cases. The diameter of the ASD was 15 to 20 mm. The occluding devices were chosen with sizes 12-15 mm greater than those of the ASDs. There were no operative complications: the ASD was practically completely occluded in 2 children and left a very small shunt in a third case. Those three patients are doing well, 8 to 9 months after the procedure. In the other two cases, the device fell into the right atrium and had to be removed surgically without any complications. The "buttoned" double-disk device seems to be relatively simple and easy to insert through an 8F catheter. Additional technical improvements should enable more complete occlusion of ASD and easier retrieval by the transvenous route when incorrectly inserted. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to assess the results and to compare them with those of the other teams.     

经胸微创封堵术治疗继发孔房间隔缺损109例分析

目的 探讨经胸非体外循环房间隔缺损微创封堵术治疗房间隔缺损的疗效.方法 全组109例患者,年龄3～63岁,ASD直径6～36 mm,均在全麻下经右胸第4肋间隙小切口进胸在经食管心脏彩超引导下经输送器置入封堵器闭合ASD.结果 106例手术成功封堵,手术时间（1.5±0.3）h,术中失血量平均（41.5±10.3）ml.3例患者因术中封堵失败改为体外循环下修补.全组无死亡,术后3～9d恢复后出院.随诊3～36个月.B超示封堵伞没有残余漏,没有移位,心功能改善显著.结论 经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵手术简单、创伤小、安全性高、患者恢复快、疗效满意.     

Percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects using the Amplatz device. Preliminary study on 29 patients]

The aim of the study was to assess the results of percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) by the Amplatz device and to compare them with those obtained by other methods. Over a one year period, closure of ASD was performed in 28 patients aged 7 to 66 years (mean of 32 years) with exclusive left-to-right shunts. The selection of patients was made by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiac catheterisation was performed to measure the stretched diameter of the defect. After patient or parental consent, the procedure was performed under general anaesthesia. The implantation was performed under transoesophageal echocardiographic control. The diameter of the Amplatz device corresponded to the stretched diameter of the ASD. The patients were discharged from hospital 48 hours later under platelet anti-aggregant therapy for 6 months. Clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and echocardiographic examinations were performed at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after implantation. The stretched diameter was 12-27 mm (mean 22 mm). The device was withdrawn in one case because of a double ASD and, in another patient, failure was due to embolisation of the obturator to the pulmonary artery before its implantation. The closure was complete in 21 of the 26 cases immediately after the procedure; at one month, two residual shunts were observed but they had disappeared at 3 months and at 1 year. Out of 46 ASD closed by the Sidéris button prosthesis, occlusion was total in 29 cases and partial in 17 cases. The authors conclude that the Amplatz device is an effective prosthesis for closure of ostium secundum ASD. With strict selection procedures, the results are excellent.