长沙市城区居民接受社区卫生服务的意愿及其影响因素的调查

目的 研究长沙市城区居民接受社区卫生服务的意愿及其影响因素。方法 采用多阶段抽样,调查长沙市城区3个居委会的751名居民,直接问答方式填写调查表,运用χ^2检验和秩和检验分析各影响因素对居民接受意愿的作用。结果 社区卫生服务居民愿意接受率为94．5％;影响居民接受社区卫生服务的意愿的主要因素有个人健康状况、预防保健意识等。结论 健康状况较差、预防保健意识强、接受到常见病的卫生服务、离家最近的转诊医疗单位的距离较远、以及定点医疗单位为省级和无定点医疗单位的居民接受社区卫生服务的意愿较强。     

成都市社区居民社区卫生服务医疗服务项目知晓及需求情况分析

[目的]分析居民对社区卫生服务医疗服务项目的知晓及接受情况,探讨其影响因素.[方法]采用分层整群抽样方法,对成都市1434名居民进行问卷调查.统计分析采用了描述性分析和卡方检验.[结果]居民对社区卫生服务医疗服务项目的知晓率和意愿接受率分别为84.5%,86.8%;人口学因素,社会经济学因素,社区卫生服务的可及性等对社区卫生服务医疗服务项目的知晓和需求存在影响.[结论]加强社区卫生服务宣传工作,改善社区卫生服务的可及性,有利于改善居民对社区卫生服务医疗服务项目的知晓及需求.     

北京顺义区35～70岁农村居民社区卫生服务需求调查

目的了解顺义区农村社区卫生服务现状和居民对社区卫生服务的需求。方法自行设计农村居民社区卫生服务需求调查表,对年龄在35～70岁的农村居民进行调查。结果农村居民医疗服务知晓率和接受过医疗服务的比率为≥92.8%,97.5%的居民认为最需要的社区卫生服务为常见慢性病防治;最近1年的体检率为49.5%,86.4%的居民愿意参加社区每年一次的常规体检,可接受的费用为22.9元;农村居民喜欢的健康教育传播方式为电视、医生和广播,最需要的卫生保健知识为慢性病防治和健康饮食;有58.9%居民愿意参加综合健康管理服务,可接受的费用为40元。结论顺义区农村社区卫生服务以医疗服务为主,与农村居民对慢性病防治的迫切卫生服务需求存在较大差距,应采取有效措施,确保农村社区卫生服务落实其预防保健服务职能。     

居民首选社区卫生服务中心就诊情况及影响因素

目的了解四川省成都市居民首选社区卫生服务中心就诊情况及其影响因素,为当地社区卫生服务中心的发展提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法在成都市6个主城区和6个郊区的12个社区卫生服务中心抽取6 902名≥18周岁常住居民进行问卷调查。结果调查的6 902名居民中,首选社区卫生服务中心、区医院及二级医院、个体诊所、三级综合医院及专科医院和其他类型医疗机构就诊的居民分别占25.31%、24.11%、18.89%、11.40%和20.28%;不同地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入居民首选社区卫生服务中心就诊情况不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.000 1);参加社会医疗保险、知晓辖区内社区卫生服务中心、有慢性病患病和参加社区慢性病管理居民首选社区卫生服务中心就诊情况高于未参加社会医疗保险、不知晓辖区内社区卫生服务中心、无慢性病患病和未参加社区慢性病管理居民(P<0.000 1);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,居住在主城区、不知道家庭收入、参加社会医疗保险、知晓辖区内的社区卫生服务中心和参加社区慢性病患者管理的居民更愿意选择社区卫生服务中心作为首选医疗机构;初中及以上文化程度、家庭人均月收入≥3 000元和患有慢性疾病的居民不愿意选择社区卫生服务中心作为首选医疗机构。结论社区卫生服务中心是成都市城市居民首选就诊医疗机构;居住地区、文化程度、家庭收入、参加社会医疗保险情况、对辖区内社区卫生服务中心知晓情况、患有慢性疾病情况和参加社区慢性病管理情况是成都市居民选择社区卫生服务中心作为首选医疗机构的影响因素。     

城市社区卫生服务需求及影响因素研究

1998年4～5月,笔者对哈尔滨市居民的社区卫生服务需求、意愿及影响因素进行了调查。结果显示:86.4％的人希望开展社区卫生服务;居民卫生服务需求多定位在较高层次上(市级医院及以上为53.66％,而基层仅为10.95％);影响居民社区卫生服务需求意愿的重要因素有:对预防、保健、治疗同等重要性的认识态度,对自身健康状况的重视程度以及目前自觉健康状况等。提示居民的卫生服务现实需求与基层卫生服务提供的不一致性。需要进一步加强社区卫生服务尤其是全科医疗的系统化、规范化。     

上海市徐汇区社区卫生服务需求、利用及影响因素的研究

目的：了解上海市徐汇区居民对社区卫生服务的需求、利用情况以及影响因素。方法：采用分层整群抽样，对徐汇区辖区的1700名居民进行了入户调查。结果：被调查居民的两周发病率为11．0％，慢性病患病比例为31．8％，其中60岁以上老人的患病比例为59．05％；在两周内发病就诊的首选医院是市级医院（39．53％），居民对社区卫生服务“软满意”、“很满意”的比例分别为34．66％和30．06％。影响居民对社区卫生服务利用因素的logistic回归分析的结果中有统计学意义的是：年龄、是否就业、居民是否患有慢性病，居民对社区卫生服务的了解程度；而影响居民对社区卫生服务满意度的因素中只有“对社区卫生服务的了解程度”有统计学意义。结论：社区卫生服务应该不断加强和完善，同时也需要政策和社会的大力支持。     

荔湾区居民对社区卫生服务的满意度

目的 了解居民对社区卫生服务机构就诊的满意度及其影响因素.方法 采用随机抽样方法,对荔湾区社区卫生服务中心及附近的居民进行问卷调查,用Epidata3.1软件录入数据,并用SPSS18.0软件对结果进行统计分析.结果 自感病轻者首选社区卫生服务中心就诊,自感病重者首选省市级医院就诊;居民对荔湾区社区卫生服务机构的综合满意度为67.9％,其中社区居民对就诊方便性、整体工作人员服务态度、医务人员给予的解释与交流的满意度较高,对看病的总费用、医疗设备、卫生服务中心的环境整洁舒适等的满意度比较低.影响社区卫生服务满意度的主要因素是年龄、收入水平及付费方式.结论 居民对荔湾区社区卫生服务的总体满意度不高.     

杭州市社区卫生服务的发展现状及展望

目的：为了解杭州市社区卫生服务的现状，从而更好地开展社区卫生服务，并对其发展前景进行研究。方法：对杭州市下城区选定的几个社区的居民进行入户调查，并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果：杭州市人群年龄结构趋向老化，慢性病成为主要健康危害因素。73．9％的社区居民知道社区卫生服务中心，有55．9％的居民愿意去社区卫生服务站看病，而社区居民不愿参加社区卫生服务的原因主要是社区卫生服务的费用还未与社会福利制度挂钩，以及居民对服务站的具体功能不了解，居民对社区卫生服务的要求普遍以诊疗为主，家庭医生的潜在需求量很大。结论：杭州市社区卫生服务的医疗体系已初步形成，社区居民对社区卫生服务的客观需要已经显现，社区卫生服务站的建立是必需的，有广阔的发展前景。     

银川市老年人社区卫生服务需求调查分析

目的 调查银川市老年人群社区卫生服务需求，为开展社区卫生服务提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法，就银川市胜利街办事处辖区内647例老年人进行入户问卷调查。结果 647例老年人慢性病的患病率为62．4％，慢性病患病率最高的是高血压，占老年人群的25．8％；老年人医疗费用以公费来源为主．35．7％；常就诊医院为市级医院，占41．7％，就诊主要原因为离家近、方便。影响疾病的主要因素有：①体质指数BMI：体质指数异常．患病率升高。②职业因素：离退休在家老人患病率高于工作老年人。有社区卫生服务需求意愿者占被调查老年人的49％；其中希望社区提供健康咨询卫生服务的占56．47％；希望开展定期体格检查的老人占18．6％。结论 人口老龄化加速。社区卫生服务出现“实际需求高，主动利用少”的现象。     

岳阳市岳阳楼区居民社区卫生服务资源利用及影响因素分析

目的 了解岳阳市岳阳楼区居民对社区卫生服务中心知晓和利用情况,为促进和发展社区卫生服务建设提供依据. 方法 采用横断面研究,自拟调查问卷,对岳阳楼区3 274名居民进行问卷调查. 结果 居民对社区卫生中心知晓率为77.3％;50.9％的居民去就过医.近两周患病就诊地点和住院机构的选择上看,社区卫生服务利用率分别为26.9％和19.8％.多因素分析发现：“距离近”和“对卫生服务中心了解”是居民易于接受社区卫生服务的主要因素.结论 岳阳楼区居民对社区卫生服务知晓率和利用率不高,需通过各种途径提高居民对其的知晓率和信任度.     

我国21世纪城市卫生发展战略探讨

随着城市化进程的加快，我国城市卫生发展的问题日趋重要。城市卫生发展不仅与广大城市居民的健康息息相关，对农村卫生事业的发展也将起着极其重要的作用，因此，在未来的一段时期，应加强城市医疗制度的改革，积极推行全民健康保险；加强预防医学发展的力度，防疾病于未燃，把初级卫生保健引向深入，建立与之相适应的城市初级卫生保健体系，积极做好区域卫生规划，管理好有限的卫生资源，重视城市人口发展态势，做地老年人的卫生保     

新医改背景下杭州市社区卫生服务满意度及需求的调查分析

目的 了解新医改背景下杭州市居民对社区卫生服务的满意度水平及服务需求.方法 分层随机抽取了杭州市下城区、拱墅区、余杭区三个地区,并分别于三个区中随机抽取1个社区卫生服务中心进行拦截式满意度问卷调查,每个社区分别调查70例当天的就诊居民,共210例.结果 了解和熟悉新医改的居民为0.5％,社区卫生服务总体满意度为33.3％,最需要的社区卫生服务是常见病诊治和配药服务.结论 杭州市社区卫生服务的总体满意度和社区医师的主动服务意识有待提高,“强基层”重在“强人才”,落实基本药物制度和新医改需要舆论助推.     

Mobile phone consultation for community health care in rural north India

We conducted a study to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of consultation by mobile phone in a rural area of northern India. The mobile phone number of a community physician was advertised to the general public and people were invited to telephone at any time for a medical consultation. Details of the calls received were recorded. During a seven-month study, 660 calls were received. The mean call duration was 2.7 min. Eighty percent of calls were made by men. Forty-eight percent of calls were made during office hours. A total of 417 (63%) calls were for seeking advice, 146 (22%) were for outpatient follow-up, 23 (4%) were for seeking appointments and the remaining 74 (11%) for other reasons. The most common problems were skin, respiratory, mental health and sexual problems. Of the 387 callers who were interviewed at follow-up, 302 (78%) stated that they had followed the advice provided. Of these, 91% found the advice very helpful in managing their health problems. About 96% of users wished to continue to use the service in future. The majority of calls made were of a primary care nature which could easily be dealt with by phone. The concept of using mobile phones for medical consultation seemed to be acceptable to people in rural Haryana.     

某区双向转诊实施机构人员认知行为调查

目的：了解成都市武侯区双向转诊实施机构人员对双向转诊的认知、行为以及对双向转诊良好运行的意见建议。方法：采用现场问卷调查的方法调查了武侯区人民医院的31位医务人员以及区内11家社区卫生服务中心的123位工作人员。用SPSS11．0分析数据。结果：医疗机构人员对双向转诊的认知不足，只有18．8％的很了解，有9．1％从来没有听说过。对于上下转诊的条件，排在首位的分别是“病人病情严重，社区无条件诊治”、“病情处于康复期或恢复期”，同意人数占到90％以上。对于目前双向转诊存在的问题，有73．6％的人认为“没有统一的制度和标准”是问题之一，66％的人认为“医疗机构为了自身的经济利益不愿意转诊”是问题之一。结论：目前该区双向转诊运行并不理想，卫生行政部门应尽快加强对双向转诊的管理和监督；提高医生业务水平和转诊意识；合理调整转诊医院之间的经济利益。     

社区护理人员服务内容及有效工时研究

对社区护理人员l周服务量及服务内容的调查分析表明，社区护理服务以家庭护理、输液、常规体检、注射、各种治疗为主，预防保健、康复、健康教育服务量不足。社区护理人员的实际服务时间占有效工作时间的60．4％．工作时间内闲置时间较长。建议转变社区护理职能，加强居民预防保健、健康教育服务，完善社区护理内容，规范社区护理服务，提高工作效率和质量，促进社区护理健康持续发展。     

Pediatricians' involvement in and attitudes toward child day care programs

A survey of Northern California pediatricians was undertaken to determine their involvement in and attitudes toward child care programs. Out of 147 who replied, 20 percent had been involved in some substantive way in the past. Sixty-nine percent had been asked for advice concerning day care placement and had referred children to day care programs. About 43.1 percent had reservations about placement of infants. More than 80 percent felt that children in day care were exposed to additional health risks. Many pediatricians could not comment adequately on the health component of day care programs in their community. Pediatricians working in medical schools, health departments and other public health agencies were more likely to be involved in day care than pediatricians in private practice. Many recommendations were offered for the improvement of the health component. Possible reasons for the limited involvement of pediatricians are discussed. Greater exposure to child health programs must be included in their training if pediatricians are to assume a greater role in community child health.The authors are associated with the Infant and Preschool Child Committee, Northern California Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Maternal and Child Health Program, Department of Social and Administrative Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California. The authors would like to thank Richard B. Kearsley, M.D., for his helpful suggestions on the survey questionnaire. Jonathan Raz for statistical assistance, and Genevieve Coulson for secretarial assistance. This study was made possible by a grant from the Grossman Fund, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.     

Community attitudes to the sexual behaviour of young people in an urban area with high rates of sexual ill-health

CONTEXT: Adults in any community are a potentially important source of sexual health information for young people. Open discussion of sexual health issues is associated with low rates of sexual ill-health. Adults who disapprove of teenage sexual behaviour are poor sources of advice. The study of adult attitudes to the sexual behaviour of young people is relevant to work on improving access to sexual health services. SETTING: Adults' attitudes to the sexual behaviour of young people in an urban area with high indices of sexual ill-health were documented. DESIGN: Data were collected via questionnaires administered in popular shopping areas by local people after training. RESULTS: A total of 283 interviews were completed. Eighty-eight percent of respondents thought that the likely age of first sex among young people was under the age of consent but only 8% thought that the acceptable age of first intercourse was under 16 years. Knowledge of local services was suboptimal. Twenty percent of respondents did not know where young people could get contraception or advice on sexual health issues. Less than half (42%) suggested a general practitioner with a similar proportion suggesting a family planning clinic (FPC) or Brook clinic. When asked what services FPCs provide, only 40% mentioned contraception and 32% did not know. Despite their lack of knowledge, the majority (84%) of respondents would tell a young person where they could obtain contraception or sexual health advice. Seventy-six percent thought parents and 56% thought schools are the key sources of sexual health information for young people.CONCLUSIONS: Adults resident in this area have negative attitudes to the sexual behaviour of local young people and suboptimal knowledge of local contraceptive services. They do, however, identify themselves as potentially important sources of sexual health advice and may therefore benefit from more information and an opportunity to discuss their attitudes.     

广州市白云街社区人群健康状况及医疗需求调查

目的 了解社区人群健康状况及医疗需求，为制订社区人群的保健措施提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法，对社区7695户家庭15岁以上居民19564人进行问卷调查。结果 社区居民总患病率为14．02％，老年人患病率为40．70％，高血压患病率为5．78％。明显高于其他疾病，慢性病患病率为11.33％，占总患病人数的80．79％。2周患病率为7．56％；社区居民中较多存在不良的健康行为，43．49％的居民不进行体育锻炼，18．10％的居民吸烟，11．00％的居民经常饮酒；58．52％的居民首选市级以上医院就医，首选社区卫生服务站或街道医院就医的分别为2．61％和6．53％。结论 白云街社区疾病防治应以老年人及高血压病人为主，但社区医疗服务未得到充分利用，需要得到社会及政策的支持。     

Involving the general public in priority setting: experiences from Australia

The discussion over whether community preferences have a legitimate role to play in priority setting has been highly polarised. Skeptics warn of the risk of establishing a 'dictatorship of the uninformed', while advocates proclaim the legitimacy of the participatory process. The one group who appears not to be consulted in this debate is the citizens themselves. In this study, a convenience sample of 373 citizens attending two medical clinics in central Sydney were surveyed about whether the general public has a legitimate role to play in informing priority setting in health care. Respondents were presented with three different levels of priority setting: across health care programmes, across medical procedures, and at a global level. To assist respondents in understanding the choices and trade-offs involved, they were given information about current levels of funding and the cost-effectiveness of each alternative. Respondents were asked whether they felt the preferences of the general public should be used to inform priority setting at each level. Of particular interest was the question of whether their willingness to use public preferences depended on the level of priority setting. Respondents were also asked about who else's preferences should be used to inform priority setting at each level. The results suggest that the public overwhelmingly want their preferences to inform priority-setting decisions in health care. This was seen to be particularly important in informing decisions about how to prioritise across broad health care programmes and about the criteria to be used to allocate funds across different population groups. In contrast, the preferences of medical professionals and health service managers were rated most highly in relation to the prioritisation of different treatments and medical procedures. In most cases, however, respondents did not advocate the use of one particular group's preferences. Even when the preferences of the general public were considered most important, it was felt that any decision-making process needed to be informed by the preferences of a range of groups. The preferences of politicians were viewed as least important to processes of priority setting in health care.     

Low-income persons' access to health care: NMCUES Medicaid data

Data from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey (NMCUES) are presented on access to medical care for low-income people in 1980. NMCUES was a national probability household survey jointly sponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics and the Health Care Financing Administration. NMCUES also included four State Medicaid Household Surveys. Data from both the national sample, for all low-income people, and from the four State surveys, for Medicaid people, were included in this analysis. The NMCUES data provided several measures which were previously unavailable on Medicaid experience, in particular, detailed Medicaid eligibility information in combination with income, health status, and health care use. This information can provide a comparison between access to care for those covered by Medicaid, and other low-income persons. In 1980 Medicaid covered a minority of poor and low-income people, only 44 percent of the poor younger than 65 years of age and 38 percent of poor people 65 years of age and older. While almost all elderly had Medicare coverage, about 25 percent of younger low-income people had no form of health insurance, compared with only 9 percent of nonpoor persons who were uninsured. Another measure of access is a regular source of care, the "place where a person goes for health care when sick." In 1980, 15 percent of people younger than 65 who were covered by Medicaid had no regular source of care. This is similar to the rate for the privately insured. However, the types of providers that were cited as the regular source of care differed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)