后路寰椎侧块结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗上颈椎不稳的临床研究

目的探讨应用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗上颈椎不稳的疗效。方法2006年2月至2008年9月,采用寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗寰枢椎不稳l0例,其中齿突陈旧性骨折3例,新鲜齿突骨折7例(Aderson ⅡC型)。所有患者均伴有寰枢椎脱位或不稳,表现为不同程度的颈枕区疼痛,活动受限。寰椎侧块螺钉进钉点选择在寰椎后结节中点旁l8～20mm与后弓下缘以上2mm的交点处,钉道与冠状面垂直,矢状面上螺钉向头侧倾斜约5°。枢椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点为枢椎下关节突根部中点,钉道与矢状面夹角约l5°,与横断面夹角约30°。螺钉直径3.5mm,寰椎侧块螺钉长28～32mm,枢椎椎弓根螺钉长22～30mm。均用Oasys固定。结果l0例患者共置入寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉各20枚。无一例患者发生脊髓和椎动脉损伤。所有患者均获随访,随访3～15月,平均8个月。术后3个月JOA评分13.2～16.8分,平均l4.8分,改善率为87.5%。植骨块全部融合,无内固定断裂、松动。结论后路寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定具有稳定的三维固定效果,可用于治疗上颈椎不稳。     

后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定技术治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的临床疗效及影像学评估

目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定技术治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的临床疗效及影像学评估.方法:2005年2月至2009年6月,采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定技术治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位24例,其中齿状突陈旧性骨折7例,先天性游离齿突4例,新鲜齿突骨折9例(Anderson Ⅱ C型),寰椎横韧带损伤4例.术前CT及三维重建评估寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉的进钉点、进钉方向等参数.枢椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点为枢椎下关节突中点,探及椎弓根上内侧缘,钉道内侧倾约25°,头侧倾约25°.寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点为枢椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点外侧1mm纵垂线与其后弓下缘以上2mm的交点处,钉道内侧倾约5°,头侧倾约5°.螺钉直径3.5mm/4.0mm,寰椎椎弓根螺钉长22-30mm,枢椎椎弓根螺钉长22～28mm.术后摄X线、CT及三维重建评估椎弓根螺钉的情况.结果:24例患者共置入寰、枢椎椎弓根螺钉95枚,1枚寰椎椎弓根螺钉植入困难,改用椎板钩.术后CT扫描发现1枚螺钉穿入寰椎椎管,1枚螺钉穿入枢椎横突孔,患者均未发生脊髓和椎动脉损伤.随访时间6～29个月,平均16个月.患者神经系统症状有不同程度改善,新鲜齿突骨折均骨性愈合,植骨于术后3～6个月骨性融合;无内固定物松动、断裂.结论:后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉固定技术是治疗寰枢椎脱位或不稳的有效方法,术前应充分评估患者寰枢椎椎弓根的影像学特点及植入椎弓根螺钉的风险.     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉徒手植入技术治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳

目的 探讨经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉徒手植入技术治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效.方法 对16例创伤性寰枢椎不稳的患者应用徒手植入椎弓根螺钉的内固定技术治疗.结果 16例64枚螺钉均成功植入.复位固定满意,所有患者均获得4～24个月随访,平均11.5个月.患者均在3～6个月寰枢椎骨性融合,未发现螺钉松动、断裂现象.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉徒手植入技术具有直视下置钉、短节段固定、融合率高等特点,是治疗创伤性襄枢椎不稳的一种有效手术技术.     

经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定治疗齿突骨折并寰枢椎脱位一例

1 病例资料 患者男,51岁,因车祸致颈项部疼痛伴活动障碍.在当地医院行颅骨牵引治疗3天后转来我院.查体:颈项部压痛,顶部扣击痛,头颈活动受限,四肢肌力Ⅴ级,肌张力正常,病理征阴性.X线片:齿突基底骨折,伴纵向骨折,向前移位.CT:齿突基底部骨折,向右前方移位,寰枢椎脱位,脊髓无受压.诊断:齿突骨折、寰枢椎脱位.手术行后路寰椎后弓侧块螺钉与枢椎侧块螺钉杆固定(螺钉长24mm、直径3.5mm)并植骨融合.寰椎定位点位于距正中线19mm, 后弓下缘上方2mm,进钉方向为矢状面向头侧5°、冠状面0°.枢椎定位点位于距侧块内侧缘和下缘分别为2mm,进钉方向矢状面向头侧45°,冠状面0°.手术顺利完成.     

寰椎侧块解剖学观测及其在侧块螺钉固定中的应用

目的通过对寰椎解剖学特征进行观测,为临床寰椎侧块螺钉内固定手术提供解剖学依据。方法收集10例成年尸体寰椎标本,使用游标卡尺进行线性测量;角度测量则先用钨丝取模,再用常规量角器检测。测量指标包括后弓内侧半距、后弓外侧半距、后弓高度、后弓宽距、侧块外侧高度、侧块内侧高度、侧块横径、侧块前后径、侧块内倾角。两例患者依据测量的解剖学数据,选在寰椎后结节中点旁20 mm与后弓下缘以上3 mm的交点处进钉,置入侧块螺钉后行X线检查,观察螺钉在寰椎侧块中的长度及与矢状面的角度。结果后弓外侧半距为(20.8±3.3)mm,后弓高度为(7.2±1.7)mm。两例患者X线片显示螺钉均在寰椎侧块内,螺钉长度25 mm,与矢状面保持(8~14)°。结论寰椎侧块螺钉的进钉点选在寰椎后结节中点旁20 mm与后弓下缘以上3 mm的交点处,与矢状面保持(8~14)°。     

后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗先天性齿状突不连16例

目的 探讨后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗先天性齿状突不连的疗效.方法 先天性齿状突不连患者16例,术前JOA评分平均(9.3±2.1)分,颈髓延髓角平均为108.5°.行颅骨牵引2周,并行后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉钉棒系统内固定术.结果 16例寰枢关节均获良好复位.平均随访18个月,术后JOA评分平均(15.2±3.1)分,颈髓延髓角平均为145°.所有植骨均获得骨性融合.结论 后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术具有直视、短节段固定、融合率高等优点,是治疗齿状突不连合并寰枢关节脱位的安全有效的方法.     

后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

目的 总结应用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效.方法 2009年1月～2012年1月收治36例齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患者,男24例,女12例,年龄23～68岁,平均46.3岁.AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折27例,不稳定Ⅲ型9例,术前日本骨科协会（JOA）评分 6～11分,平均9.6分,影像学检查均伴有寰枢椎不稳或脱位表现.采用经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉进行固定,并在寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板间植入自体髂骨.结果 患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤.共置入144枚椎弓根螺钉,术后随访12~36个月,平均20.8个月,所有患者寰枢椎复位均满意.术后三维CT检查发现3例寰椎椎弓根螺钉内倾角偏小,螺钉部分穿破椎动脉孔内侧壁,椎动脉造影未见椎动脉损伤.其余病例螺钉位置满意,植骨于术后6～9个月达骨性融合.术后3个月JOA评分11～17分,平均14.6分.所有患者术后颈部屈伸活动良好,轴向旋转功能有部分丧失,无神经症状加重、螺钉松动、断裂和寰枢椎失稳现象发生.结论 应用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位,可使寰枢椎获得即刻的坚强固定,有利于植骨融合,可获得良好的临床效果.     

寰枢椎“椎弓根”固定技术治疗C1-2不稳

目的 探讨采用椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗C1-2不稳的寰枢椎椎弓根置钉方法.方法 对14例C1-2不稳进行寰枢椎"椎弓根"螺钉固定.寰椎以"椎动脉沟后结节"为参照标志,结合实际探查到的寰椎椎弓根内缘、上下缘为置钉选择点和进钉方向;枢椎以峡部内缘、外缘为界限,峡部中心轴的后延长线对应枢椎下关节突投影点为进钉点.结果 寰椎置钉26枚,发生1例一侧后弓切割断裂;枢椎置钉28枚,发生1例一侧螺钉松动.其余植入螺钉位置良好.结论 以寰椎"椎动脉沟后结节"、椎弓内缘、上下缘和枢椎峡部内缘、外缘、中心轴为参照标志置钉方法安全、可靠.     

经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉内固定技术的解剖学研究

目的为提供国人寰椎的数据,探讨经寰椎后弓侧块(类似椎弓根)螺钉固定的可行性。方用游标卡尺和量角器对50例干燥寰椎标本的后弓进钉点及进钉方向等相关参数进行测量。结果测量出寰椎后弓、侧块、椎动脉沟、后弓侧块螺钉通道的轴线长度,及后弓进钉点和进钉方向等参数。结论寰推具备行经后弓侧块螺钉内固定的条件。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位23例疗效观察

目的:探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置入技术治疗寰枢椎脱位的安全性和可靠性。方法:对23例寰枢椎脱位患者(其中先天性齿突发育不良6例,寰椎横韧带断裂7例,齿状突骨折10例),根据寰、枢椎椎弓根的下壁或上壁和内侧壁定位置入椎弓根螺钉固定系统。结果:本组23例均成功置钉,术后影像学显示椎弓根螺钉位置良好。术后随访9～36个月,平均18个月。所有患者寰枢椎均已骨性融合,且症状明显改善;无神经、血管损伤等并发症发生。结论:术中通过侧壁定位椎弓根螺钉置入技术能够准确定位寰枢椎椎弓根的进钉点和进钉角度,螺钉植入安全、可靠。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.