2型糖尿病肾病患者同型半胱氨酸检测的临床意义

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平在2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴糖尿病肾病(DN)中的意义.方法:将66例2型糖尿病患者分为两组,无肾病组和肾病组,分别检测其血清总同型半胱氨酸水平,并与对照组比较.结果:DN组血清HCY又显著高于NDN组,P＜0.01,糖尿病非肾病组血清HCY显著高于对照组,P＜0.01.结论:高HCY血症可能是糖尿病肾病的一个独立的危险因素,检测糖尿病患者血清HCY水平有助于监测、判断T2DM的发生发展.     

2型糖尿病合并肾结石的危险因素分析

目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并肾结石的危险因素.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,分别测定46例T2DM伴肾结石组患者与82例T2DM不伴肾结石组患者的血清胰岛素、C肽、血脂水平,计算胰岛索敏感指数.并进行差异性比较.结果 2型糖尿病伴肾结石组患者与不伴肾结石组患者相比较,血清总胆固醇水平无明显差异(P＞0.05),伴肾结石组患者空腹血清胰岛素、c肽较不伴肾结石组显著升高(P＜0.05),胰岛素敏感指数明显降低(P＜0.05),甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白与载脂蛋白B水平显著增高(P＜0.05).结论 高胰岛素血症、脂代谢紊乱可能是T2DM病合并肾结石的危险因素.     

2型糖尿病合并亚甲减对微血管并发症的影响

目的 探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者微血管并发症的影响.方法 根据是否合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退将入组的280例T2DM患者分为单纯T2DM组(228例)和糖尿病合并亚临床甲减(SCH)组(52例),并且根据不同促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平将SCH组分为两组,即SCH1组(4.2≤TSH≤10 μIU/ml,45例)和SCH2组(TSH≥10μIU/ml,7例),分析TSH水平与糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变的相关性.结果 SCH组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、TSH水平高于DM组,SCH组DM肾病和视网膜病变的发生率显著高于DM组(P＜0.05),且SCH2组DM肾病和视网膜病变的发生率高于SCH1组(P＜0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示亚临床甲状腺功能减退为T2DM患者糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变的危险因素.结论 T2DM合并亚临床甲减患者其糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变的发生率明显增高,且T2DM合并高水平TSH的患者发生糖尿病微血管并发症的风险更高,提示亚临床甲减是T2DM患者微血管病变独立的危险因素.     

血清visfatin水平与2型糖尿病、冠心病的关系

目的 探讨血清visfatin水平与2型糖尿病、冠心病的关系.方法 收集陕西西安地区汉族人群286例受试对象,其中包括106例单纯2糖尿病(T2DM)患者、40例2型糖尿病合并冠心病(T2DM+CHD)患者、54例冠心病(CHD)患者和86例健康对照者(Control),采用ELISA法检测上述人群血清visfatin水平.结果 ①空腹血清visfatin水平在病例组均较对照组显著增高(P＜0.01),T2DM+CHD组增高最为明显;②visfatin水平与腰臀比(WHR),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c),空腹血糖(FPG),空腹胰岛素(FINS),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C),Lg稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(LgHOMA-IR)呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)呈显著负相关(P＜0.01);③以visfatin为应变量进行多重线性回归分析,结果HbA1c(β=0.634,P=0.000),LgHOMA-IR(β =0.247,P =0.000)进入方程.结论 visfatin可能是2型糖尿病、冠心病发病的危险因子之一,可能促进2型糖尿病合并冠心病的发生.     

高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6在2型糖尿病肾病中的作用

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病不同时期血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的变化及它们在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生发展过程中的作用。方法:分别用胶乳增强免疫比浊法和ELISA法测定98例2型糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP和IL-6水平,并根据24小时尿白蛋白排泄率将其分为正常白蛋白尿组(DM1)、微量白蛋白尿组(DM2)和大量白蛋白尿组(DM3),且与40例正常人对照(NC)。尿24小时微量白蛋白(UAER)用放免法测定。结果:98例2型DM患者的hs-CRP和IL-6浓度比40例正常对照显著增加[(13.05±7.84)mg/Lvs(1.05±0.38)mg/L,P<0.05],[(17.65±7.93)ng/Lvs(6.02±2.45)ng/L,P<0.05]。且2型DM的DM1组、DM2组和DM3组患者血清hs-CRP水平相比,依次显著增高(P<0.05和0.01),IL-6浓度也依次增高,分别为(P<0.05和0.01)。hs-CRP与IL-6呈高度正相关(r=0.753,P<0.01),也与UAER呈高度正相关(r=0.782,P<0.01)。结论:hs-CRP和IL-6浓度在2型DM患者中显著增加,且在并发DN的2型DM患者增加更显著,血清hs-CRP和IL-6浓度增高可能是糖尿病肾病的重要危险因素。     

血清白介素-35水平在2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者中的临床意义

目的 探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者外周血清白介素(IL)-35水平变化及临床意义.方法 选取2017年5月至2019年5月本院收治的2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者78例作为T2DM合并冠心病组,并根据冠状动脉造影检查结果将T2DM合并冠心病组分为单支病变组(n=23)、双支病变组(n=29)和多支病变组(n=26),选取同期单纯2型糖尿病患者27例作为单纯T2DM组.采用贝克曼AU5800生化仪检测外周血清中血脂水平;酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中IL-35水平,并分析其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性.结果 与单纯T2DM组相比,T2DM合并冠心病组外周血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平显著升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与单纯T2DM组相比,T2DM合并冠心病组外周血清IL-35的水平显著降低(P<0.05);与单支病变组相比,双支和多支病变组的血清IL-35水平显著降低,且多支病变组降低更明显(P<0.05).冠状动脉病变程度与血清IL-35的水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.341,P<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者外周血清IL-35水平显著降低,且与冠状动脉病变程度呈明显的负相关,IL-35可能与糖尿病合并冠心病的发生发展密切相关.     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素、内脂素水平的变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素、内脂素水平的变化及影响.方法 我院初次诊断的T2DM患者共55例(T2DM组)和健康对照组50例,分别测定患者空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc),血脂、脂联素和内脂素水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的变化.结果 (1)T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗指数明显增高(P ＜0.01);(2) T2DM患者TC、TG明显增高,HLD-C明显降低(P ＜0.05);(3)T2DM患者血清脂联素明显降低,内脂素水平明显增高(P＜0.01);血清脂联素与内脂素呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 T2DM患者血清脂联素和内脂素水平的变化,可能与T2DM发生、发展相关.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清抵抗素与C-反应蛋白的临床相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)肾病患者(diabetic nephropathy,DN)血清抵抗素与C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的相关性及临床意义.方法 分别检测30例T2DM合并DN患者、30例T2DM无DN患者、30例正常对照者的血清抵抗素、CRP、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹血胰岛素(FIns)水平与胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa-IR).结果 T2DM患者组的血清抵抗素、CRP、FPG、FIns、Homa-IR值均较正常对照组为高(p＜0.05),虽然T2DM合并DN组的血清抵抗素、FPG、FIns、Homa-IR值较T2DM无DN组均值有升高趋势,但差异不显著(p＞0.05).另外,T2DM合并DN组的血清CRp值较T2DM无DN组增高(p＜0.05).相关分析显示,T2DM合并DN组的血清抵抗素、CRP水平两者间及其与FPG、FIns、Homa-IR间均呈中度正相关(p＜0.05).结论 抵抗素、CRP与T2DM合并DN患者的胰岛素抵抗中度相关,对两者的动态监测可从一定程度上反映出患者病情的变化.     

2型糖尿病患者尿VEGF与病程及尿白蛋白关系的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者不同时期尿血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的变化规律及其临床意义.方法将符合1999年WHO诊断标准的108例2型糖尿病患者根据24h尿白蛋白排泄量分为3组,即正常白蛋白尿组(DM1组,37例)、微量白蛋白尿组(DM2组,34例)和临床白蛋白尿组(DM3组,37例).另设正常对照组(NC组,36例),采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)分别测定4组的尿VEGF水平.结果与NC组相比,尿VEGF在DM1组已开始升高(P＜0.05),在DM2组和DM3组进一步升高(均P＜0.01);DM2组和DM3组与DM1组比较差别有显著性意义(均P＜0.05);DM3组较DM2组为高,但两者差别无显著性意义.结论VEGF与糖尿病肾病的发生发展有关,尿VEGF可能为早期糖尿病肾病的预示指标.     

血清、尿Ⅳ型胶原与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:研究血清、尿液Ⅳ型胶原(T4C)水平与2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系.方法:2型糖尿病(DM)患者182例,分为正常蛋白尿组(DMN组),微量蛋白尿组(DMMA组),大量蛋白尿组(DMP组);对照组(C组)31例,检测血清T4C,尿液T4C、Cr.结果:①血清T4C在DMN组与C组区别无显著性,在DMMA组高于C组和DMN组(P＜0.01),DMP组高于C组、DMN组(P＜0.01)和DMMA组(P＜0.05);尿T4C/Cr在DMN组与C组差异无显著性,在DMMA组、DMP组明显高于C组(P＜0.01),DMP组较DMN组明显升高(P＜0.05),但与DMMA组差异无显著性.②相关分析显示:DM患者尿Alb/Cr尿T4C/Cr(r=0.235,P＜0.01)、血清T4C(r=0.376,P＜0.01)均呈显著的正相关.结论:2型DM患者血、尿T4C与尿Alb排出有一致性升高的趋势.尿T4C是晚期DN指标;血清T4C既是DM早期肾病的指标,也是晚期DN指标.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.