实验动物应激后氧化应激状态监测方法的进展

应激可以引起实验动物出现氧化应激.应激后机体多个环节能量代谢的改变是其引起氧化应激的机制之一.糖皮质激素参与了应激后氧化应激的发生.检测机体活性氧(ROS)水平,抗氧化能力及氧化应激损害标志物含量,可用来评估氧化应激发生及其危害.本文将就近年来实验动物应激如何引起氧化应激、其发生机制及监测方法等领域的研究进展作一综述.     

氧化应激与脑卒中后抑郁的关系

脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)是脑卒中后常见的情感障碍,其可影响神经功能的恢复和转归,严重者可能会产生轻生的念头。当机体遭受各种有害刺激时,体内氧化和抗氧化系统失衡,产生大量的活性氧类,活性氧类可通过氧化作用引起细胞死亡和组织损害。近年来,氧化应激对PSD的作用及机制日益受到关注,氧化应激参与了PSD的发病过程。因此全面了解氧化应激和PSD发病机制的关系,明确氧化应激在PSD发病过程的具体作用,联合应用抗氧化剂或提高机体抗氧化能力或许能预防PSD的发生。     

特发性肺纤维化中氧化应激调控机制的研究进展

氧化应激是特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的主要致病机制之一,主要通过线粒体和体内酶系统产生的过量活性氧(ROS)引起机体氧化-抗氧化失衡.近年来的研究表明氧化应激主要通过诱导炎症的发生以及调控纤维化相关细胞信号通路影响肺的正常结构与生理功能.该文就氧化应激在IPF的发生发展中相关调控机制的研究进展进行综述.     

基于氧化应激探讨脂质代谢异常导致的肾损伤

氧化应激是机体内氧化与抗氧化系统失衡的状态，机体处于氧化应激状态时会产生大量的活性氧，如超氧阴离子、羟自由基和过氧化氢等。这些物质在体内大量蓄积后会影响脂质的正常代谢，最终引起肾脏、心脏、肺等多脏器损伤。近年来，基于氧化应激的肾脏病变引起较多关注。本文就氧化应激的过程及其导致的脂质代谢异常对肾脏损伤的机制和病变特点进行综述。     

氧化应激与急性胰腺炎的研究进展

氧化应激是机体受内源性或外源性因素刺激后导致体内的氧化作用与抗氧化作用失衡,造成氧化损伤,干扰正常器官代谢活动的一种应激状态.急性胰腺炎是多种病因导致的胰腺组织自身消化、水肿、出血甚至坏死的炎性反应.氧化应激在急性胰腺炎病程中起到重要的作用,被认为是急性胰腺炎发病机制中的重要调节器.本文就氧化应激的作用机制,抗氧化应激反应在急性胰腺炎中的应用研究等作出综述.     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶与氧化应激

机体内氧化程度超出氧化物质的清除能力可导致氧化应激,氧化应激与多种疾病密切相关。谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）是抗氧化酶中的一种,可通过多种途径发挥抗氧化作用。氧化应激也可对GST的活性进行调节。探讨氧化应激与GST的关系,有助于进一步了解与认识氧化应激及抗氧化酶的关系。     

微波辐射防护药物的研究进展

微波辐射可致机体发生氧化应激,使氧化产物增多和抗氧化酶活性降低,甚至引起机体组织病理学改变.药物防护可以减轻微波辐射导致的氧化应激损伤,并对微波辐射所致组织病理学改变有所改善.近年来研究的抗微波辐射药物主要有卡尼汀、褪黑激素、咖啡酸苯乙酯、绿茶及其提取物、银杏叶提取物、阿的平,以及中成药芩丹扶正胶囊和安多霖等.本文综述了微波辐射对机体的氧化损伤机制,以及微波辐射防护药物的研究现状.     

病毒感染与氧化应激的关系

 病毒感染和氧化损伤密切相关。病毒感染可引起机体广泛的氧化应激反应,并进一步加重疾病。本文针对RNA、DNA及逆转录病毒,尤其侧重于流感病毒、乙肝病毒和人免疫缺陷病毒,从病毒感染诱导产生活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的能力、病毒与ROS的相互影响、病毒在机体氧化/抗氧化平衡中发挥的作用、抗氧化剂在病毒感染中的治疗作用等方面对病毒感染和氧化应激的关系作一综述。     

氧化应激与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

当机体受到各种有害刺激时,体内氧化和抗氧化作用失衡,导致产生大量活性氧簇,活性氧簇可通过氧化作用引起细胞死亡和组织损害。近年来,氧化应激对心血管疾病的作用及其机制日益受到人们的广泛关注,大量研究表明氧化应激在动脉粥样硬化、高血压、心烦颤动、心肌缺血/再灌注损伤、心肌病等心血管疾病的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。     

结直肠癌患者体内氧化应激状态的评价及产物的分析

目的：机体的抗氧化能力和氧化应激状态都与大肠癌相关,文中评价结直肠癌（CRC）患者体内的氧化应激水平,研究氧化应激与CRC的关系。方法：对60位研究对象（CRC患者和正常对照各30名）的血清,分别检测蛋白质、脂类、DNA的氧化损伤产物;检测维生素C、维生素E、谷胱甘肽等抗氧化剂及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶类。结果：CRC患者体内蛋白羰基、晚期蛋白质氧化损伤产物均比对照组有明显升高（P〈0.01）,而CRC患者体内丙二醛和共轭二烯比对照组明显下降（P〈0.01）;CRC患者血清中抗氧化酶类的活性、维生素C和维生素E的水平显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：CRC和氧化应激相关,评价CRC患者体内氧化应激状态对预测CRC的发生有指导意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.