经导管治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损适应证选择及近期疗效评价

目的:探讨嵴内型室间隔缺损介入治疗适应证选择,并评价其近期疗效。方法:2004年3月至2005年11月,采用国产新型零偏心室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵器对49例嵴内型VSD患者进行封堵治疗,其中男25例,女24例,年龄2．5～15(6．2±3．6)岁。经胸超声心动图显示VSD的直径2～10(5．2±2．3)mm。所有患者在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道,经右心系统释放封堵器,并分别于术后1、3、6、12个月通过经胸超声心动图检查、12导联心电图检查等,从残余分流、瓣膜功能、心功能、心电图及封堵器直径变化率5方面进行随访评价。结果:45例患者封堵器置入成功,技术成功率91．8％。4例未成功者分别为:3例为伴有主动脉瓣脱垂者,1例为超声判断误差。42例患者接受了1～12(平均8．6)个月的随访,所有随访病例中,无新增加的三尖瓣关闭不全,无主动脉瓣穿孔,2例出现少量主动脉瓣反流者,其中1例为封堵器出现微移位。无其他严重并发症发生。封堵器置入即刻及术后6个月,左心室舒张末径发生进行性缩小,而右心室舒张末前后径及射血分数未见明显变化。封堵器置入24 h,封堵器腰部直径较置入即刻发生轻微变化,术后1、3、6、12个月随访无明显变化。结论:缺损直径在10 mm以内且无病理性主动脉反流的嵴内型VSD可以选择介入治疗,其近期效果良好。     

偏心型封堵器治疗先天性干下型室间隔缺损的探讨

目的探讨先天性干下型室间隔缺损(VSD)偏心型封堵器介入治疗的可行性及近期疗效。方法经皮介入治疗先天性干下型室间隔缺损患者7例。经胸超声心动图提示VSD的直径为4~8mm,缺损上缘距主动脉瓣的距离1~2mm,距肺动脉瓣距离4~6mm,轻度主动脉瓣反流6例,中度1例。均选用偏心型VSD封堵器治疗。术中在右前斜45度下行左室造影、建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器,并分别于术后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果7例患者封堵器均成功置入。术后即刻超声及造影示完全封堵6例,少量残余分流1例,在3个月后消失。封堵器对主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣和房室瓣均无影响,术中及术后未有其它严重并发症发生。结论应用偏心型封堵器经皮介入治疗先天性干下型室间隔缺损是安全有效的,近期效果良好。     

室间隔缺损并发主动脉瓣脱垂的介入治疗及评价

目的:探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)并发轻度主动脉瓣脱垂(AVP)的介入治疗的可行性,并评价其近中期疗效。方法:采用国产新型VSD封堵器对27例并发AVP的VSD患者进行封堵治疗,经胸超声心动图显示VSD的直径。所有患者术后进行定期随访。结果:27例患者中,嵴内型VSD10例,膜周部VSD17例,皆不伴主动脉瓣关闭不全,其中右冠瓣脱垂20例,左冠瓣脱垂6例,右冠瓣脱垂并无冠瓣脱垂1例;左心室造影显示缺损直径2～12(4.54±1.93)mm,缺损上缘距主动脉瓣0～1(0.35±0.25)mm。27例患者封堵成功22例,成功率81.5%。封堵成功的22例患者术后即刻左心室造影及心脏超声检查无分流、无主动脉瓣及三尖瓣反流。术后随访6～30(平均18)个月,未发生主动脉瓣穿孔或反流,亦无二尖瓣和三尖瓣关闭不全,未出现新发心律失常。结论:国产VSD封堵器可以成功封堵并发轻度AVP的VSD,近中期疗效佳,远期疗效需要进一步随访观察。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损20例

目的:观察应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管介入治疗先天性心脏病膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法:采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病膜部室间隔缺损20例患者,术前由经胸超声心动图确诊PMVSD,术中经左心室造影明确缺损位置、直径、在透视及超声心动图监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器封堵PMVSD,术后3d、3个月、6个月及1年分别行经胸超声心动图、心电图和X线检查。评价治疗效果。结果:20例VSD病人成功置入Amplatzer封堵器,透视及超声心动图显示即刻完全堵闭。术后出现溶血和三度房室传导阻滞各1例,对症治疗后消失。分别手术后3个月、6个月、1年随访,超声心动图示封堵器位置良好,19例完全闭合,仅1例残余分流,无严重并发症。结论:经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种成功率高、并发症少、疗效可靠的介入方法。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗后并发封堵器移位的原因分析

目的探讨经导管介入治疗室间隔缺损（VSD）发生封堵器移位的原因和预防措施。方法介入治疗后封堵器移位患者4（男3,女1）例,3例为膜周部VSD伴膜部瘤,1例为嵴内型VSD,缺损直径分别为13、12、12和10mm,所选用的封堵器分别为16、12mm国产对称型膜部VSD封堵器,14mmAmplatzer膜部VSD封堵器和14mm国产偏心型膜部VSD封堵器。结果4例均一次性封堵成功。术后即刻均无残余分流。2例在术后4和12h分别发生溶血,超声心动图检查封堵器位置无明显变化,但均有明显残余分流。经药物治疗后,溶血恢复正常,残余分流消失。1例术后第4天,心电图检查为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,超声心动图发现封堵器明显向囊袋出口移位。转心脏外科手术取出封堵器并修补缺损,术后患者Ⅲ度AVB恢复。1例嵴内型VSD术后2周,超声心动图发现封堵器向右心室移位,有明显残余分流。随访4个月残余分流减少。结论VSD封堵治疗后,封堵器移位与缺损的病理解剖特性有关。多发生在伴有膜部瘤的膜部VSD和嵴内型VSD。     

应用双封堵器封堵治疗复杂膜部瘤型室间隔缺损

目的:探讨应用双封堵器对复杂膜部瘤型室间隔缺损（VSD）进行介入封堵治疗的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法: 12例复杂膜部瘤型VSD患者,左心室造影后常规右股动脉-左心室-VSD-右心室-右股静脉输送轨道,对VSD进行封堵,重复左心室造影,发现存在不能接受的残余分流,遂建立右股动脉-左心室-VSD-右心室-左股静脉输送轨道,应用第2枚封堵器对残余分流进行封堵,左心室、升主动脉造影以及超声心动图检查确认封堵效果良好,释放封堵器。术后1、3、6、12个月复查超声心动图、X线检查和12导联心电图。结果: 12例患者均封堵成功。术毕即刻造影和超声心动图检查示封堵效果良好,无残余分流,各组瓣膜功能良好,无并发症发生。随访期间所有患者杂音消失,超声心动图检查无残余分流,心电图检查均为窦性心律,无房室传导阻滞或束支传导阻滞。结论: 应用双封堵器对复杂膜部瘤型VSD进行封堵治疗是可行的,且具有满意的疗效和安全性。     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术中的应用价值。方法:在经胸超声心动图和数字减影血管造影监测引导下,对18例膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损用Amplatzer VSD封堵器封堵。结果:18例VSD中17例封堵成功,其中3例术中出现主动脉瓣反流,2例残余分流,1例三尖瓣反流,经调整封堵器位置和方向后上述异常即刻消失;1例封堵后5小时封堵伞脱落,急行外科手术取出封堵伞,缝闭缺损。全部病例术中均未出现心率失常等并发症,17例成功封堵者术后随访1年均见封堵器位置正常、稳定,无并发症。结论:经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在VSD封堵术前、术中及术后随访中有重要作用。     

介入法治疗室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏

目的评价室间隔缺损（VSD）修补术后经导管封堵治疗的临床效果。方法9（男4,女5）例患者,年龄5～40岁。其中膜部VSD术后7例,法洛四联症（TOF）术后2例。经胸超声心动图测量VSD术后残余漏直径为3～12mm。有7例为1个残余漏口,2例有2个残余漏口。结果左心室造影5例膜部瘤的左室面直径14～28mm,漏口均在膜部瘤的出口。其中3例残余漏有1个孔,其大小分别为4、6和7mm,用6、9和10mmVSD封堵器。2例有2个孔,其大小分别为3、6mm和9、7mm,两孔之间距离分别为8和10mm,均放置两个封堵器,1例为5和9mmVSD封堵器,1例为14mmVSD封堵器和12/14mm动脉导管未闭封堵器。2例膜部VSD,其漏口直径分别为3和10mm,用5和14mm封堵器。2例TOF术后并发VSD残余漏,其漏口直径分别为9和14mm,用12和18mm封堵器。术后即刻左心室造影8例无残余分流,1例两个封堵器的患者有少量残余分流。升主动脉造影全部患者无主动脉瓣返流。随访1～6月复查超声心动图,有残余分流的1例在3月消失,全部患者封堵器无移位,无主动脉瓣返流。结论经导管封堵治疗室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏是一项操作安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损及对心脏传导系统的影响

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的疗效和对心脏传导系统的影响。方法　 2 0 0 3- 0 7～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 4采用新型Amplatzer膜部及肌部VSD封堵器对 12例膜周部VSD和 2例肌部VSD患者进行封堵治疗。对心脏多普勒超声检查符合导管封堵条件病人术前常规进行心导管检查 ,测定血流动力学各项参数。在X线透视、食管或经胸超声的监测下建立股动静脉轨道 ,经右心系统释放封堵器。对 12例膜周部VSD病人在手术前、后进行心内电生理检查 ,测定房室传导时间 (AV间期 )和房室结不应期 ,观察封堵手术对心脏传导系统的影响。病人分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 14例患者 (男 8例 ,女 6例 )封堵器置入全部成功。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 12例 ,微量残余分流 2例 ,均在 1d内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。 12例膜周部VSD病人封堵后即刻AV间期有不同程度的延长 ,其中 3例术后AV间期 >2 0 0ms,1周后心电图检查 2例PR间期恢复正常。封堵前后房室结不应期无明显变化。未出现Ⅱ度以上房室传导阻滞和束支传导阻滞 ,无心肌受损表现 ,无其它严重并发症发生。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部和肌部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部和肌部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,是导     

介入治疗先天性心脏病疗效评价

目的 探讨应用封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)、房间隔缺损(ASD)及室间隔缺损(VSD)方法 并评价其初步疗效.方法31例患者(PDA 12例、ASD 16例、VSD 3例)均在X线透视、造影和经胸超声心动图监测下经导管置入封堵器治疗PDA、ASD及VSD.结果 全组技术成功率100%.术后即刻有少量和微量残余分流者分别为3例和2例,24 h、1个月和6个月经胸超声心动图随访检查,残余分流消失.术后完全封堵率100%.结论 经导管置入国产封堵器是一种操作简便、技术成功率高、疗效可靠的PDA、ASD和VSD的介入治疗方法.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.