4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮接触生物标志物的研究进展

4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)是烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)中具有强烈致癌性的物质之一,NNK在人体和动物体内产生的主要代谢物是4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇(NNAL)和它的糖苷化合物(NNAL-N-Glucuronidec和NNAL-O-Glucuronide).NN...     

右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯的合成及其药效研究

目的研制一种新型卫生杀虫剂--右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯.方法采用右旋反式DV菊酸与S-炔丙醇酮为原料,经化学拆分、酰氯化及酯化等反应合成右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯,并采用GB/T13917.1-1992和GB/T17322.2-1998标准方法测定了对致倦库蚊和德国小蠊的药效.结果右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯对致倦库蚊及德国小蠊的KT50值分别为8.5 min和3.46min.结论右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯对蚊虫和蟑螂等害虫具有良好的击倒作用和杀灭能力,可以作为一种新型卫生杀虫剂加以推广和应用.     

Synthesis of new C5-(1-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-4 or 5-yl)-2'-deoxyuridines and their antiviral evaluation

The synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a series of C5-(1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolo)-nucleoside derivatives is described. The key steps of this synthesis are regioselective Huisgen’s 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, using either copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) or ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) under microwave activation. Some compounds among the 5a-l series possess activity against herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia virus. Their cytostatic activities were determined against murine leukemia cells, human T-lymphocyte cells and cervix carcinoma cells. Compounds were also evaluated on a wide panel of RNA viruses, including Vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza viruses type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B in MDCK cell cultures, parainfluenza-3 virus, reovirus-1, Sindbis virus and Punta Toro virus in Vero cell cultures and Vesicular stomatitis, Coxsackie B4 and respiratory syncytial virus, with no specific antiviral effect.     

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of 2-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-(substituted-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles

In the present investigation a series of novel 2-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-(substituted-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles (4a–j) were synthesized by cyclization of substituted-benzoic acid N′-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl]-hydrazide by using phosphorousoxychloride at 120 °C. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was characterized by analytical and spectral (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and LC–MS) methods. The title compounds were screened for qualitative (zone of inhibition) and quantitative antibacterial activity (MIC) by agar cup plate and microtitration methods, respectively. Among the synthesized compounds in this series compound 2-[1-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4b) was found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity with MICs of 22.4, 29.8, 29.6 and 30.0 μg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The other compounds exhibited moderate activity when compared to standard substance Ampicillin.     

Drug-induced modifications of the immune response 8. N-(Substituted phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-2-oxo-4-[(substituted phenyl) amino]-3-furancarboxamide derivatives

The synthesis and anti-allergic activity of a series of novel N-(substituted phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-2-oxo-4-[(substituted phenyl)amino]-3-furancarboxamide derivatives (12) are described. The latter were obtained through a novel, and heretofore unknown rearrangement of 2-(N-phenylamino)-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acids 8a to the 2(5H)-furanone amides 12.     

Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of 6,7-methylenedioxy (or 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy)-2-(substituted selenophenyl)quinolin-4-one analogs

6,7-Methylenedioxy (or 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy)-2-(substituted selenophenyl)quinolin-4-ones and their isosteric compounds were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were established. Among all tested compounds, 6,7-methylenedioxy-2-(5-methylselenophen-2-yl)quinolin-4-one (4d) was found to be the most promising anticancer agent. In screening against NCI’s 60 human tumor cell line panel, 4d exhibited highly selective and potent inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-435 melanoma. Furthermore, the results of COMPARE analysis suggested that 4d is an antimitotic agent with a different mechanism of action from the conventional antimitotic agents, such as colchicine, vinca alkaloids and paclitaxel. Therefore, 4d was identified as a new lead compound that merits further optimization.     

Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of 2-amino-3-cyano-6-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-phenylpyridine derivatives in vitro

A series of novel 2-amino-3-cyano-6-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-phenylpyridine derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity against A549, H460, HT-29 and SMMC-7721 cell lines was evaluated in vitro. Among them, ten compounds (10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 30 and 31) displayed excellent anti-tumor activity against different cell lines. The most promising compound 27 showed strong anti-tumor activity against A549, H460, HT-29 and SMMC-7721 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 22, 0.23, 0.65 and 0.77 nM, which were 2.6-, 83-, 1.1 × 10³- and 2.0 × 10³- fold more active than MX-58151 (IC₅₀ values of 0.058, 0.019, 0.70 and 1.53 μM), respectively.     

Design, synthesis and anti-tubercular evaluation of new 2-acylated and 2-alkylated amino-5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. Part 1

A series of 2-acylated and 2-alkylated amino-5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-tubercular activity. Among these compounds, 10d, 15, 12h and 12k inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth with MIC values between 1.9 and 7.7 μM and low toxicity against VERO cells. The four compounds were also tested against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) clinical strains, which were found to show moderate activity. In addition, molecular docking simulation was performed to position compounds 10d, 15, 12h and 12k into mtFabH active site to predict the probable binding mode. These studies thus suggest that the designed 2-amino-5-phenylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid scaffold may serve as new promising template for further elaboration as anti-TB drugs.     

大豆异黄酮和玉米赤霉烯酮对卵巢癌细胞株PEO4增殖的影响

目的 通过观察大豆异黄酮(genistein,GS)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)对卵巢癌细胞(PEO4)增殖的影响探讨其雌激素效应。方法 雌激素受体阳性卵巢癌细胞株PEO4在达克尔培养基(DMEM,含小牛血清10％)中采用开放式单层贴壁培养,于加受试物5d前将细胞用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗涤后改在无酚红高糖DMEM(含活性碳-葡聚糖苷处理过的胎牛血清5％)中培养,实验设溶剂对照、雌激素对照、抗雌激素对照和2种受试物各4个剂量组,采用噻唑蓝法、^3H—TdR掺人法及流式细胞术对PEO4细胞的增殖情况进行分析。结果 与溶剂对照组相比较,96μmol/L对PEO4处理24h,可明显抑制PEO4细胞增殖和细胞DNA合成,并将细胞周期阻滞在G2／M;随着培养时间延长至48h,32μmol/L GS也能明显抑制PEO4细胞增殖,在浓度低于8μmol/L时,GS有促进细胞增殖的趋势。ZEA对PEO4增殖的影响与雌二醇类似,96nmol/L ZEA对细胞处理24h可明显促进PEO4细胞增殖和细胞DNA合成,并将细胞周期由G0／Gl向S期推进,提高细胞分裂增殖指数。结论 ZEA具有较强的雌激素效应,在较低的浓度条件下(8nmol/L,92h)即可促进雌激素受体阳性细胞PEO4的增殖作用;GS对PEO4细胞的影响作用比较复杂,较低浓度的GS(＜10nmol／L)促进细胞的增殖作用,而在高浓度的处理条件下则抑制细胞的增殖作用。这些资料提示高剂量的GS有抗卵巢癌的作用,而ZEA具有雌激素样效应。     

Substituted phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamides as antimitotics. Antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antitumoral activity, and quantitative structure-activity relationships

The importance of the bridge linking the two phenyl moieties of substituted phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates (PIB-SOs) was assessed using a sulfonamide group, which is a bioisostere of sulfonate and ethenyl groups. Forty one phenyl 4-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PIB-SA) derivatives were prepared and biologically evaluated. PIB-SAs exhibit antiproliferative activities at the nanomolar level against sixteen cancer cell lines, block the cell cycle progression in G₂/M phase, leading to cytoskeleton disruption and anoikis. These results were subjected to CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses to establish quantitative structure-activity relationships. These results evidence that the sulfonate and sulfonamide moieties are reciprocal bioisosteres and that phenylimidazolidin-2-one could mimic the trimethoxyphenyl moiety found in the structure of numerous potent antimicrotubule agents. Finally, compounds 16 and 17 exhibited potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activities on HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells grafted onto chick chorioallantoic membrane similar to CA-4 without significant toxicity for the chick embryos, making this class of compounds a promising class of anticancer agents.     

Quercetin increased the antiproliferative activity of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in prostate cancer cells

We previously demonstrated that 50% of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was present in methylated form (4″-MeEGCG) in human prostate tissue, which is less bioactive. We therefore investigated whether quercetin, a natural inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), will inhibit EGCG methylation leading to enhanced antiproliferative activity of EGCG in prostate cancer cells. Incubation with both quercetin and EGCG for 2 h increased the cellular concentrations of EGCG by 4- to 8-fold and 6- to 10-fold in androgen-independent PC-3 cells and androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, respectively. Concurrently, the percent of 4″-MeEGCG in the total EGCG was decreased from 39% to 15% in PC-3 cells and from 61% to 38% in LNCaP cells. Quercetin and EGCG in combination synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, EGCG and quercetin exhibited a stronger antiproliferative activity leading to an additive effect. The synergistic effect of these 2 agents in PC-3 cells could be based on the fact that EGCG primarily inhibited COMT activity, whereas quercetin reduced the amount of COMT protein. In summary, quercetin combined with EGCG in vitro demonstrated enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation by increasing the intracellular concentration of EGCG and decreasing EGCG methylation.     

A novel form of 4-1BBL has better immunomodulatory activity than an agonistic anti-4-1BB Ab without Ab-associated severe toxicity

Agonistic Abs to select costimulatory members of CD28 and TNFR family have shown efficacy in various preclinical cancer immunotherapeutic settings. However, the use of agonistic Abs is often associated with severe toxicity due to non-specific activation of lymphocytes. We hypothesized that natural costimulatory ligands may serve as more potent and safer alternative to agonistic Abs for immunotherapy. In this communication, we focused on 4-1BBL as the molecule of choice because of the pleiotropic effects of 4-1BB signaling in the immune system and the demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of 4-1BB agonistic Abs in preclinical cancer and infection models. We report that a novel form of soluble ligand, SA-4-1BBL, delivered more potent and qualitatively different signals to T cells than an agonistic Ab. Importantly, while treatment of naïve mice with the agonistic Ab resulted in severe toxicity, as assessed by enlarged spleen and peripheral LNs, non-specific T cell proliferation, hepatitis, and systemic inflammatory cytokine production, treatment with SA-4-1BBL lacked these immune anomalies. Agonistic Ab treatment produced full toxicity in FcγR^−/− or complement C1q^−/− or C3^−/− knockout mice, suggesting lack of involvement of stimulatory FcγRs or complement system in the observed toxicity. Naïve and memory T cells served as direct targets of anti-4-1BB Ab-mediated toxicity. Potent immunostimulatory activity combined with lack of toxicity rationalizes further development of soluble SA-4-1BBL as an immunomodulatory component of therapeutic vaccines against cancer and chronic infections.     

抗VLA-4单克隆抗体动员的外周血干细胞重建辐射损伤小鼠造血的初步研究

目的 观察抗VLA-4单克隆抗体动员的外周血干细胞对辐射损伤小鼠造血重建的效果。方法 8.5 Gy~(60)Co γ射线照射的BALB/c小鼠,分别接受经生理盐水(实验1组)及抗VLA-4单克隆抗体(实验2组)动员的外周血干细胞移植,观察受体小鼠的4周存活率、外周血白细胞(WBC)、骨髓有核细胞(BMN),粒细胞巨噬细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)及脾集落形成单位(CFU-S)等指标。结果 实验2组小鼠的4周存活率、WBC、BMNC,CFU-GM、CFU-S数均明显高于对照组、实验1组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 抗VLA-4单克隆抗体能有效动员小鼠外周血干细胞,并能成功重建辐射损伤小鼠的造血功能。     

miR-542-3p在反式-7,8-二羟-9,10-环氧苯并芘诱导致癌中的作用

目的 探讨反式-7,8-二羟-9,10-环氧苯并芘(anti-BPDE)诱导恶变的人支气管上皮细胞(16HBE-T)中miR-542-3p在细胞恶性转化中的作用.方法 运用实时荧光定量PCR法验证miR-542-3p成熟体在16HBE-T和非转化对照细胞(16HBE-N)中的表达水平.瞬时转染化学合成的miR-542-3p模拟物上调16HBE-T的miR-542-3p成熟体表达水平,检测miR-542-3p表达水平改变对16HBE-T细胞的增殖能力、细胞周期、细胞凋亡、软琼脂克隆形成率及细胞迁移能力的影响.结果 转染前16HBE-T中miR-542-3p成熟体表达水平是16HBE-N的(39.08±6.95)%(t=15.18,P＜0.05).瞬时转染化学合成的miR-542-3p模拟物上调16HBE-T的miR-542-3p成熟体表达水平后,16HBE-T中miR-542-3p成熟体表达水平是转染前的(5.23±0.55)倍(t=17.37,P＜0.05).miR-542-3p模拟物组(mimic组)与16HBE-T组(100%)相比,增殖率下降到(62.06±5.61)%(t=-17.28,P＜0.05),G0/G1期比例上升到(74.76±4.86)%(t=4.53,P＜0.05),克隆形成率降低为(5.87±0.67)%(t=-6.66,P＜0.05).mimic组生长细胞覆盖区面积比(0.31±0.08)明显降低(t=-6.78,P＜0.05),凋亡无改变.结论 miR-542-3p表达水平升高会降低anti-BPDE恶性转化细胞的增殖能力和恶性程度,推断miR-542-3p是类抑癌基因,在anti-BPDE诱导致癌过程中低表达的miR-542-3p可能是促成恶性转化的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of miR-542-3p in malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) induced by anti-benzo(a) pyrene-7,8-diol-9, 10-epoxide (anti-BPDE).Methods The relative expression level of mature miR-542-3p in transformed cells (16HBE-T) and untransformed control cells (16HBE-N) was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miRNA mimic was transiently transfected into 16HBE-T to change the expression level of miR-542-3p,and then the influenced changes of cell proliferation,cell cycle, apoptosis, and soft agar colony formation rate and the migration of transfected cells were analyzed. Results Before transfection, the expression level of mature miR-542-3p in 16HBE-T was lower (39. 08 ± 6. 95 ) % than it in 16HBE-N ( t =15. 18,P＜ 0.05). In comparison with the 16HBE-T group, the expression level of miR-542-3p in miR-542-3p mimic-transfected group was ( 5.23 ± 0. 55 ) fold ( t = 17. 37, P ＜ 0. 05 ) after transfection. Cell proliferation of mimic-transfected group was decreased to ( 62. 06 ± 5. 61 ) % ( t = - 17. 28, P ＜ 0. 05 ),percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase up to ( 74. 76 ± 4. 86 ) % ( t = 4. 53, P ＜ 0. 05 ), rate of colony formation degrade to(5.87 ± 0. 67 ) % ( t = - 6. 66, P ＜ 0. 05 ), coverage areas ratio decreased to (0. 31 ± 0. 08 ) ( t =-6. 78 ,P ＜0. 05 ). There was no change with apoptosis. Conclusion Our studies showed that miR-542-3p played the role as a tumor suppressor, which led to a significant decrease in the proliferation capacity and degree of malignancy. These findings suggest aberrantly down-regulated miR-542-3p may be one critical factor that contributes to malignant transformation of 16HBE induced by anti-BPDE.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis with lipase catalyzed resolution and evaluation of antitumor activity of (R/S)-2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-3(2H)-one

Synthesis, characterization, resolution and evaluation of novel (R/S)-2-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-3(2H)-one derivatives are described. Enantiomerically pure compounds were isolated in good to excellent yield with high enantiomeric excess under mild reaction conditions by using Candida antarctica B (CAL-B) and Candida rugosa (CRL) Lipases. Newly synthesized and resolved compounds were screened for their antitumor activity against cancer cells such as human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and human lung carcinoma A549 cell line in vitro. The results have shown that the compound 1 S-(-) alcohol was more effective in inhibiting the tumor cell growth.     

Design, synthesis and antifungal evaluation of 1-(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one

Based on the structure of the active site of cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and the conclusions of the structure-activity relationships of azole antifungals, a series of 1-(2-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one of fluconazole analogs was synthesized. All compounds were characterized by IR, HRMS, ¹HNMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic analysis. Results of preliminary antifungal in vitro test using eight human pathogenic species showed that some compounds displayed comparable or even better antifungal activities than reference drug fluconazole and that compound 3i exhibited significant activity against Candida albicans being worthy of further optimization.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new alkyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]benzene derivatives

Several alkyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido] (CEU) benzene derivatives were prepared as potential anticancer agents. These new compounds were readily prepared in good yields by addition of anilines to 2-chloroethylisocyanate. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), human colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo) and mouse lymphocytic leukemia (P388D₁) tumor cell lines. Several new CEUs were significantly more cytotoxic than the nitrogen mustard chlorambucil. The biological activity of these aromatic urea derivatives seems to be related to the nature and position of the alkyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Substitution by branched alkyl groups on position 4 of the aromatic ring led to cytotoxic molecules which are up to 5 times more potent than the standard chlorambucil.     

Quercetin Increased the Antiproliferative Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in Prostate Cancer Cells

We previously demonstrated that 50% of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was present in methylated form (4″-MeEGCG) in human prostate tissue, which is less bioactive. We therefore investigated whether quercetin, a natural inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), will inhibit EGCG methylation leading to enhanced antiproliferative activity of EGCG in prostate cancer cells. Incubation with both quercetin and EGCG for 2 h increased the cellular concentrations of EGCG by 4- to 8-fold and 6- to 10-fold in androgen-independent PC-3 cells and androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, respectively. Concurrently, the percent of 4″-MeEGCG in the total EGCG was decreased from 39% to 15% in PC-3 cells and from 61% to 38% in LNCaP cells. Quercetin and EGCG in combination synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, EGCG and quercetin exhibited a stronger antiproliferative activity leading to an additive effect. The synergistic effect of these 2 agents in PC-3 cells could be based on the fact that EGCG primarily inhibited COMT activity, whereas quercetin reduced the amount of COMT protein. In summary, quercetin combined with EGCG in vitro demonstrated enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation by increasing the intracellular concentration of EGCG and decreasing EGCG methylation.     

Cyclin D1和CDK4正性调节苯并(a)芘所致人胚肺成纤维细胞周期改变

目的研究苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]对人胚肺成纤维细胞(HELF)的细胞周期分布及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)和细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶4(CDK4)蛋白表达的影响,并探讨两种蛋白含量改变与细胞周期效应之间的关系。方法将反义cyclin D1质粒和反义CDK4质粒导入HELF细胞内,建立两种质粒稳定转染的细胞模型。用0.1、0.5、2.5和12.5μmol/L的B(a)P处理HELF细胞24h,用蛋白印迹方法检测cyclin D1和CDK4蛋白表达水平;利用流式细胞技术检测B(a)P处理对HELF细胞及两种稳定转染细胞系细胞周期的影响。结果成功建立了反义cyclin D1和反义CDK4稳定转染的细胞系。不同剂量B(a)P处理可引起cyclin D1蛋白表达的显著增加,但对CDK4蛋白表达无明显影响;2.5μmol/L的B(a)P处理HELF细胞24h后,引起其细胞周期G1期显著下降,S期显著增加;2.5μmol/L的B(a)P处理反义cyclin D1和反义CDK4稳定转染的HELF细胞24h后,对其细胞周期的分布无显著影响。结论Cyclin D1和CDK4基因均参与了B(a)P所致细胞周期改变过程,并发挥正性调节作用。