恒牙初期正常软组织侧貌的E线分析

目的：探讨恒牙初期侧貌美观正常[牙合]上下唇突点到审美线（E线）的距离及E线各段间的比例关系.方法：2000-01/2005-12筛选恒牙初期侧貌美观正常[牙合]汉族青少年30名,男15名,女15名;年龄平均11.5岁.常规拍摄头颅侧位定位片,分别测量上唇突点-E、下唇突点-E的距离及上唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点、唇间段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点、下唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点比值的均值和标准差.结果：①上唇、下唇突点E线距：侧貌美观正常[牙合]上唇突点-E、下唇突点-E距离分别为（0.083 3&;#177;0.920 8）mm和（0.621 7&;#177;1.124 6）mm.②各部分占鼻尖点-软组织颏前点的比例：上唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点,唇间段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点,下唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点分别为0.413 8&;#177;0.022 3,0.200 9&;#177;0.023 1,0.385 7&;#177;0 022 8.结论：E线分析法用于临床软组织侧貌诊断简洁高效,矢状方向上下唇突点基本位于其上,即与鼻尖点、颏前点4点共线;垂直方向上3段比例基本为2：1：2.     

恒牙初期正常软组织侧貌的E线分析

目的:探讨恒牙初期侧貌美观正常上下唇突点到审美线(E线)的距离及E线各段间的比例关系。方法:2000-01/2005-12筛选恒牙初期侧貌美观正常汉族青少年30名,男15名,女15名;年龄平均11.5岁。常规拍摄头颅侧位定位片,分别测量上唇突点-E、下唇突点-E的距离及上唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点、唇间段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点、下唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点比值的均值和标准差。结果:①上唇、下唇突点E线距:侧貌美观正常上唇突点-E、下唇突点-E距离分别为(0.0833±0.9208)mm和(0.6217±1.1246)mm。②各部分占鼻尖点-软组织颏前点的比例:上唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点,唇间段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点,下唇段/鼻尖点-软组织颏前点分别为0.4138±0.0223,0.2009±0.0231,0.3857±0.0228。结论:E线分析法用于临床软组织侧貌诊断简洁高效,矢状方向上下唇突点基本位于其上,即与鼻尖点、颏前点4点共线;垂直方向上3段比例基本为2∶1∶2。     

正常(牙合)青年男性咀嚼肌超声形态与牙弓形态的关系

背景:咀嚼肌形态与颅面形态的密切相关性已经被报道,但是关于咀嚼肌形态与牙弓形态之间的相互作用关系还不明确.目的:探讨咀嚼肌形态功能对牙弓形态的影响和作用机制.方法:应用超声成像技术测量69 位正常牙合青年男性下颌处于姿势位时浅层嚼肌横截面周长、面积、宽度、最大厚度、平均厚度、纵截面长度及颞肌前束最大厚度、平均厚度,并与牙弓测量指标进行统计学相关分析.结果与结论:浅层嚼肌横截面的面积与上颌牙弓前中段长度,纵截面长度与下颌前段牙弓长度,最大厚度与下颌牙弓中段宽度及上颌牙弓周长呈正相关(P < 0.05);颞肌前束最大厚度、平均厚度与上颌牙弓前段及前中段长度呈负相关(P < 0.05),提示浅层嚼肌、颞肌形态功能可能是影响牙弓形态的因素之一.     

髁突运动轨迹描记在(牙合)垫治疗错(牙合)中的应用

目的:探讨安氏Ⅱ类1分类(Ⅱ1)类错(牙合)患者下颌左侧方运动时髁突运动轨迹的特征及其与正常(牙合)之间的差异,并且应用髁突运动轨迹描记法评价(牙合)垫治疗的效果.方法:随机选择正常(牙合)40例(对照组)以及安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)患者40例(试验组),其中应用(牙合)垫治疗1个月者10例.应用髁突运动轨迹描记仪记录髁突运动轨迹.采用SAS统计学软件分析比较两组间是否存在统计学差异.结果:试验组左侧方运动中左右侧髁突最大空间位移[(12.19±2.12)mm和(13.36±1.31)mm]均显著大于正常组[(8.89±1.51)mm和(9.87±0.57)mm],P＜0.05,非工作侧水平向和垂直向最大位移量[(3.07±0.64)mm和(8.18±0.51)mm]均显著大于正常组[(1.57±1.02)mm和(6.21±0.42)mm],P＜0.05和0.01;髁突位移5 mm时左右侧矢状髁道倾斜度(sagittal condyle inclination,SCI)分别为(56.94±6.26)°和(60.64±8.04)°,左右侧水平髁道倾斜度(transverse condyle inclination,TCI)分别为(14.39±6.19)°和(15.21±6.89)°;均大于正常组[(45.27±6.53)°、(43.17±4.53)°、(3.01±1.39)°和(2.82±1.32)°,P＜0.05和0.01.而在治疗前后工作侧及非工作侧结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)患者下颌侧方运动过程中髁突运动轨迹与正常验有明显差异.验垫治疗在1个月期间并不能明显改善安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)患者的错(牙合).     

骨面型Ⅲ类错(牙合)正畸治疗前后颏部软组织侧貌形态变化

背景:以往有关探讨颏部形态变化的研究主要是对正畸治疗前后牙齿、颌面部软硬组织进行测量分析.目的:观察青少年安氏Ⅲ类错牙合治疗前后颏部软组织侧貌的形态结构特征.方法:选取符合骨面型Ⅲ类,ANB <0°,同时符合安氏Ⅲ类,轻中度骨性畸形48 例青少年,对矫治前、后X 射线头颅侧位定位片进行测量,比较分析治疗前后颏部软组织形态结构变化.结果与结论:骨性Ⅲ类治疗后患者颏唇沟深度增加(P < 0.01),颏部长度、颏唇沟弧度、颏部弧度较治疗前均有所减小(P < 0.01),而反映颏部突度的各项测量值如下唇突点、颏部软组织之凹点、软组织颏下点到E 线的垂直距离均比治疗前有所减小(P < 0.01 或P < 0.05).证实安氏Ⅲ类错牙合在正畸治疗后较治疗前颏部形态有所改善.     

硬(牙合)垫和软(牙合)垫治疗夜磨牙的效果比较

目的比较硬(牙合)垫与软(牙合)垫治疗夜磨牙的效果.方法记录10例夜磨牙患者不戴(牙合)垫--戴硬(牙合)垫--不戴(牙合)垫--戴软(牙合)垫--不戴(牙合)垫五个阶段的嚼肌肌电活动和肌肉活动时间.结果戴硬(牙合)垫时,10例患者中8例夜间肌肉活动有显著降低(P＜0.01),2例无显著改变;戴软(牙合)垫时10例患者中5例夜间肌肉活动有显著的增加(P＜0.01),1例减少,4例无变化.结论硬(牙合)垫治疗夜磨牙疗效显著,优于软(牙合)垫.     

新型可调Twin-block矫治器在双期矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)中软组织侧貌变化的应用研究

目的 观察新型可调Twin-block矫治器双期矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形患者软组织侧貌的变化.方法 选择我院18例安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙 合畸形,Ⅰ期采用新型可调Twin-block矫治器矫治,根据患者承受力,每2日或1周2次,自行使用专用钥匙加力1/4圈(0.8 mm/圈),每月复诊1次,累计可在矢状向增加总长度约8 mm;Ⅱ期采用直丝弓固定矫治技术矫治.应用X线头影测量技术观察治疗前后软组织侧貌变化.结果 本组经2～3年的矫治,组织面型均得到明显改善.治疗后下唇基角、软组织颏凸角、全面凸角、颏唇沟角及软组织面角显著性增加,分别为(83.04±3.05)°、(82.06±3.06)°、(144.78±3.86)°、(128.63±10.36)°及(90.36±2.80)°,与治疗前(79.16±2.83)°、(79.88±2.32)°、(142.23±4.02)°、(116.32±9.18)°及(87.22±3.10)°比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);上唇凸距、H角、下唇突点-H线距离及颏唇沟深度明显减小,分别为(2.67±1.82)mm、(22.6±1.36)°、(0.90±1.00)mm及(6.50±1.30)mm,与治疗前(5.32±1.60)mm、(23.8±1.6)°、(1.40±1.20)mm及(7.10±1.60)mm比较差异也具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 新型可调Twin-block矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合),可达到改善面型、矫正深覆盖的目的 ,使用方便,患者易于接受,值得临床推广应用.     

食物嵌塞的量化调(牙合)法治疗

目的 观察量化调(牙合)法治疗食物嵌塞的效果.方法 选择牙间隙基本正常的垂直型食物嵌塞,通过少量调牙合将主咬(牙合)区移动,观察治疗食物嵌塞的效果.结果 146处嵌塞区治愈124处,明显改善17处,无效5处.结论 通过牙胶粒法量化调(牙合)是治疗食物嵌塞的一种好方法.     

平导与摇椅弓治疗恒牙-9期前牙深覆(牙合)疗效比较

目的:比较平导、摇椅弓治疗深覆(牙合)的效果.方法:选择深覆(牙合)均在Ⅱ度以上患者36例,平导组18例,摇椅弓组18例,咬合打开前后拍头颅侧位片进行X线头影测量分析.结果:戴用平导可以使下颌骨向下旋转,下面高及全面高增加,打开咬合主要靠磨牙的增高;摇椅弓可以使下面高及全面高少量增加,打开咬合主要靠切牙的压低和磨牙的少量增高,差异有统计学意义.结论:两种方法打开咬合的机制不同,临床适应证不同.     

前牙(牙合)垫治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病伴深覆(牙合)的临床观察

目的：前牙[牙合]垫治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病伴深覆[牙合]的临床效果。方法：对59例颞下颌关节紊乱伴深覆牙争患者进行前牙[牙合]垫治疗。结果：59例中58例接受随访．55例症状明显改善。结论：前牙[牙合]垫可有效改善颞下颌关节紊乱症状。     

兰州地区汉族青少年软组织侧貌唇位的评价

背景：口腔正畸治疗对面部容貌的改善主要是通过改变患者前牙的唇倾度来使患者的面部软组织侧貌更加协调和美观.目的：研究兰州地区汉族青少年软组织侧貌的唇突度,并且评价非专业人士和正畸医生对青少年不同唇位的面部软组织侧貌的审美观异同.方法：通过描绘兰州地区80名汉族青少年个别正常牙合的头颅侧位片,利用Photoshop8.0软件和头颅测量软件描绘出男女面部软组织侧貌轮廓图.分别以男女面部软组织侧貌的唇位前突或后缩1 mm为单位设计出以所描绘出的面部软组织侧貌轮廓图居中的13个面部软组织侧貌轮廓图,由50名非专业人士和50名正畸医生从建立的一系列男女面部软组织侧貌轮廓图中挑选出3种最喜欢的面部侧貌并按喜好排序同时选出最不受欢迎的面部侧貌.结果与结论：兰州地区汉族男性面部软组织侧貌的唇突度相对于Sn-Pg’线而言上唇为（7.50±1.72） mm,下唇为（5.86±1.83） mm.汉族女性面部软组织侧貌的唇突度相对于 Sn-Pg’线而言上唇为（6.23±1.73） mm,下唇为（4.94±2.03） mm.而男性面部侧貌最受欢迎的唇突度相对于Sn-Pg’线而言,非专业人士认为上唇为3.5-5.5 mm,下唇为1.9-3.9 mm;正畸医生则认为上唇为5.5-7.5 mm,下唇为3.9-5.9 mm.女性面部侧貌最受欢迎的唇突度相对于Sn-Pg’线而言,非专业人士认为上唇2.2-4.2 mm,下唇为0.9-2.9 mm;正畸医生则认为上唇为4.2-6.2 mm,下唇为2.9-4.9 mm.说明非专业人士和正畸医生均喜欢唇位略微后缩的面部软组织侧貌,但二者差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）,非专业人士喜欢唇位更后缩的面部侧貌,而唇部前突的面部侧貌是最不受欢迎的面部侧貌.     

Pravadoline: profile in isolated tissue preparations

Pravadoline is a novel cyclooxygenase-inhibiting analgesic with a preclinical profile of activity in vivo clearly distinct from that of other cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The purpose of the present study was to assess the possibility that pravadoline possesses pharmacologic actions in addition to inhibition of cyclooxygenase. The data demonstrate that pravadoline inhibits neuronally stimulated contractions of the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations. These actions of pravadoline are not shared by known cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but are mimicked by close structural analogs of pravadoline devoid of the ability to inhibit prostaglandin formation. Some structural analogs were inhibitory also in the rat vas deferens preparation. The inhibitory effects of pravadoline and a representative noncyclooxygenase-inhibiting analog in isolated tissue preparations are not mediated by an interaction with muscarinic cholinergic, adrenergic (alpha-1 or alpha-2), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine2 or 5-hydroxytryptamine3), opioid (mu, kappa or delta), purinergic (P1), neurokinin-1, bradykinin (B2) or prostaglandin (E2) receptors. It is concluded that pravadoline and aminoalkylinodole analogs are inhibitory in several bioassay systems via a presynaptic mechanism which does not involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase, or the activation or inhibition of several known receptors. The relevance of this mechanism to aminoalkyindole actions in vivo is the subject of future studies.     

Ultrasonic radio-frequency spectrum analysis of normal brain tissue

Acoustic tissue properties can be estimated using texture and/or spectral parameter analysis. Spectral analysis is based on the rf-signals whose frequency-content is commonly neglected in conventional B-mode imaging. Attenuation and backscatter values of normal brain tissue were analyzed. Unprocessed rf-data of 20 patients were sampled intraoperatively after craniotomy using a modified conventional ultrasonic device (Hitachi CS 9600) and analyzed off-line by a custom-made software routine. Before parameter estimation, influences of the diffraction pattern were compensated by means of a correction function obtained using a tissue-mimicking phantom. Attenuation of white matter showed a linear frequency dependence with a slope of 0.94 +/- 0.13 dB cm(-1) MHz(-1). The spectral slope was determined using 10 distinct frequencies between 2.5 and 5.75 MHz. Backscattering properties were analyzed by determining the power spectral density (PSD) and a relative backscatter coefficient (rel BSC) against the values derived from the tissue-mimicking phantom. PSD and rel BSC values were frequency-dependent, with highest PSD values at the probe's center frequency (-75.69 +/- 8.26 dB V(2) Hz(-1)). The corresponding rel BSC value at 5 MHz was determined as 15.39 +/- 8.26 dB. Finally, backscatter coefficients (BSC) of brain tissue were computed using the known BSC of the phantom. The data provided in this study are meant to serve as a base for intended future characterization of brain tissue that potentially allows intraoperative differentiation between normal and pathologic areas and therefore provides the surgeon with additional information for defining the extent of resection in brain more precisely.     

Soft tissue reconstruction of the extremity

The care of the trauma patient is a challenge to orthopaedic nurses. It is important to be aware of the newer techniques that can be used to provide optimum benefit in reconstruction of soft tissue injuries that frequently accompany a skeletal injury of the extremities following trauma. This article focuses on the nursing care of the trauma patient requiring microvascular muscle and musculocutaneous transplants to reconstruct soft tissue injuries posttrauma.     

Soft tissue chondromyxoid fibroma of the foot: sonographic findings

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign bone tumor, which represents less than 1% of primary bone tumors. However, chondromyxoid fibroma developing in the soft tissue is extremely rare. We report the sonographic findings in a case of soft tissue chondromyxoid fibroma in the foot confirmed pathologically.     

Soft tissue texture analysis by B-mode-ultrasound in the evaluation of impairment in chronic low back pain

Objective: Patients complaints in chronic low back pain do not always correspond to the results of X-ray and MRI investigations. The paraspinal muscle is very sensitive to all structural disorders of the spine. We used B-mode-ultrasound to investigate the change of the ultrasonic texture of the paraspinal lumbar muscle in people suffering from low back pain. Methods: The quantative texture analysis was defined by the ratio of the mean echo level of a unilateral cross-section (L2) of the paraspinal muscle and the level of a central area (L1) of the same cross-section (square 1×1 cm, defined by the ultrasonic device). In the lumbar spine there were five cross sections on either side starting at L1 through L5. In the first study healthy males were investigated (n=30). In the second study, 20 males with MRI controlled lumbar disc disorders were investigated. Finally screening was performed with a group of 40 male patients. The last investigation was a pathohistologic cross-check from the ultrasonic findings in five individuals shortly after exitus. Results: The ratio showed results>0.6 in the healthy group. The group with lumbar disc disorders showed at the affected levels ratios<0.5. All patients (with one exception) with a lumbar spinal history were detected. Pathohistology confirmed the ultrasonic findings. Conclusions: The ultrasonic texture analysis of the paraspinal lumbar muscle allows a rapid and easy to perform investigation for relating discal (actually all structural) disorders of the lumbar spine to the reported pain or disability.     

早期下床活动对永久起搏器植入术后并发症影响的Meta分析

目的评价早期下床活动对永久起搏器植入术后并发症的影响。方法计算机检索Cochrane library、PubMed、EMBASE、Web of science、中国知网数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库等数据库中有关早期下床活动对永久起搏器植入术后并发症影响的临床对照试验,2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准选取文献,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7篇文献,合计1 557例患者。Meta分析结果显示:被动电极起搏器植入术后3~24h下床活动对电极脱位、囊袋出血发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);腰酸背痛、尿潴留、便秘发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论被动电极起搏器植入术后早期下床活动不仅没有增加电极脱位、囊袋出血的风险,而且能降低腰酸背痛、尿潴留、便秘的发生率。     

RANKL在正常大鼠牙齿及牙周组织中的表达和定量分析

目的:进一步了解转录因子NFKB受体活化剂配体(receptor activator of NF-kB ligand/RANKL)在牙齿及牙周组织中的表达定位,为研究RANKL在牙周组织的骨重建中的作用提供实验数据。方法:采用S-P免疫组织化学方法检测RANKL在正常大鼠牙周组织中的表达,并采用计算机图像分析的方法对各组RANKL的表达强度进行半定量分析。结果:RANKL存在于正常大鼠的牙周组织中,且主要分布于牙槽骨表面血管周围的梭形间充质细胞和延长细胞突、牙槽骨表面的成骨细胞、牙周膜成纤维细胞胞浆,牙龈组织中的淋巴细胞中,分布较均匀,呈阳性表达,骨细胞呈阴性表达,远中侧RANKL表达量明显大于近中侧。除此之外,牙髓细胞RANKL表达也呈阳性结论:正常大鼠牙周组织中存在RANKL,大鼠上颌第一磨牙生理性牙齿移动的方向可能是向远中侧。