瞬时弹性成像与非酒精性脂肪性肝病病理纤维化分期的相关性

目的:评价瞬时弹性成像(Fibroscan,FS)在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)肝纤维化诊断中的作用.方法:选取2008-04/2011-02在北京佑安医院住院,且经病理检查诊断为NAFLD的患者83例,临床检测肝功能、空腹血糖、血脂、尿酸,同时应用FS进行肝脏硬度检测.以病理检查结果为金标准,分析肝脏硬度、生化学指标及病理肝纤维化程度的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析FS诊断NAFLD肝纤维化的准确性.结果:不同程度肝纤维化分期的肝脏硬度值,S0期:4.28kPa±1.32kPa,S1期:7.40kPa±2.13kPa,S2期:11.52kPa±3.86kPa,S3期:19.99kPa±5.42kPa.肝脏硬度与肝纤维化程度呈正相关,Spearman相关系数为0.768,P<0.001.Pearson相关分析显示,FS肝脏硬度检测值与ALT、AST呈正相关,与HDL、ApoA呈负相关(P<0.05).FS诊断S0-S1、S2、S3期的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.889(0.813,0.965)、0.838(0.729,0.948)、0.938(0.000,1.000),诊断界值分别为8.95kPa、10.60kPa、15.66kPa.结论:FS对NAFLD肝纤维化有较高的诊断价值,可作为NAFLD患者诊断和动态随访的依据.     

慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者实时剪切波弹性成像的应用价值分析

目的探讨实时剪切波弹性成像技术(shear wave elastography,S W E)与常规超声检查在评估慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化中的应用价值.方法回顾性分析唐山市传染病医院在2015-08/2017-06收治的慢性乙型肝炎患者87例,分别进行常规超声和S W E检查,以病理穿刺活检结果为金标准,分析常规超声、SWE与肝纤维化病理分期的相关性,评估常规超声、SWE诊断肝纤维化各分期的ROC曲线下面积,比较常规超声与SWE在诊断肝纤维化各分期的诊断效能.结果 (1)常规超声积分在肝纤维化相邻分期之间(S0-S1vs S2,S2 vs S3,S3 vs S4)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.451,0.639,0.103);但不相邻分期(S0-S1 vs S3,S0-S1vs S4,S2 vs S4)之间常规超声评分比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001,0.000,0.000);SWE在不同肝纤维化分期的弹性模量值分别为(S0=5.625 kPa±1.221 kPa,S1=7.172 k Pa±1.818 k Pa,S2=10.295 kPa±3.122kPa,S3=15.541 kPa±4.340 kPa,S4=23.918 kPa±5.697 kPa),肝脏弹性模量在相邻及不相邻分期之间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05);(2)Spearman相关性分析显示,常规超声积分、SWE弹性模量值与肝纤维化分期之间存在正相关(r=0.529,0.798,P均0.001);SWE弹性模量值与肝纤维化之间相关系数高于常规超声积分;(3)常规超声积分在诊断肝纤维化S≥2、S≥3和S4期的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.766,0.891,0.764;SWE值在诊断肝纤维化S≥2、S≥3和S4期的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.941,0.948,0.952;SWE的诊断效能高于常规超声(P0.05).结论相比于常规超声,SWE技术在评估慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度方面具有更高的应用价值,可重复性好,具有较高的潜在临床价值.     

FibroScan用于慢性肝病患者肝纤维化的早期诊断价值

目的总结FibroScan(瞬时弹性扫描仪)用于慢性肝病患者肝纤维化早期诊断的应用价值。方法选择我院2013年5月至2016年5月收治的90例慢性HBV感染者和慢性乙型肝炎患者作为研究对象,均行FibroScan检测,并以肝活检组织病理学检查结果为金标准。比较慢性HBV感染者与慢性乙型肝炎患者的Stiffness值(肝硬度值),以肝活检结果为基准计算慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝纤维化分期诊断符合率。记录S0~S4慢性乙型肝炎患者的Stiffness值,并与AST(谷草转氨酶)与ALT(谷丙转氨酶)水平进行比较。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者的Stiffness值为(10.53±3.43)k Pa,显著高于慢性HBV感染者(P0.05)。不同肝纤维化分期的慢性乙型肝炎患者的AST、ALT两两对比均无统计学差异(P0.05);随肝纤维化分期严重程度的增加,Stiffness值均升高,且不同分期的两两对比均有统计学差异(P0.05)。FibroScan诊断出1例S1期经病理诊断为S0,FibroScan诊断1例S3,病理结果诊断为S4,诊断总体符合率为96.15%,与肝活检结果相比有很好的一致性(κ值=0.951)。结论利用FibroScan测定慢性肝病患者的Stiffness值对评估肝纤维化程度具有较大价值,且为无创、操作简便的检查手段,利于慢性肝病肝纤维化的早期诊断及治疗。     

FibroScan对原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者肝纤维化的诊断价值

目的探讨FibroScan对于原发性胆汁性肝硬化（primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC）肝纤维化诊断的准确性。方法选择2009年10月—2013年12月经肝脏穿刺病理诊断的PBC患者56例,进行FibroScan检测得到肝脏硬度测量（liver stiffness measurement,LSM）值。以肝脏活组织检查结果作为＂金标准＂,计算受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUROC）,评价FibroScan对PBC肝纤维化的诊断价值。结果 LSM值平均为（13.714±7.475）kPa,与肝脏病理分期呈正相关,Kendall相关系数为0.897,P〈0.01。FibroScan诊断PBC肝纤维化≥S2期、≥S3期、S4期的AUROC分别为0.897、0.959、0.989。纤维化分期为≥F2、≥F3、F4时对应的最佳截断值分别为12.9、16.1和19.7 kPa。肝硬度、血清透明质酸、AST/PLT（APRI）均为肝脏病理分期独立相关因素。结论 FibroScan是一项方便、准确的用于诊断PBC肝纤维化程度的方法。     

肝脏瞬时弹性值评估慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度及肝脏储备功能的临床研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者FibroScan与肝组织纤维化面积之间的相关性,以评价FS值对肝纤维化程度测定的意义,分析乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者的FS值变化与肝脏储备功能评价系统CTP分级的关系。方法前瞻性研究正常对照组30例、肝病组113例(CHB患者62例及其所致肝硬化患者51例)FS值,对研究对象行腹部B超检查后,应用肝脏瞬时弹性超声进行FS值测定,收集肝硬化患者入院24 h内的临床资料,计算CTP分值,根据评分分为A、B、C 3级,同时采用计算机辅助数字图像分析法检测肝组织标本的纤维化程度,分析肝病组FS值与肝纤维化面积之间的相关性以及肝硬化患者FS值变化与CTP分级的关系。结果 (1)CHB患者组的FS值与正常对照组比较,肝硬化患者的FS值与CHB组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)在肝硬化组中FS值随着CTP分级升高而升高,ChildA、B、C 3组之间FS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝病组的FS值与肝纤维化面积有显著的线性正相关性,且相关系数较高(r=0.804,P<0.01)。结论 FS弹性值与肝纤维化面积有很好的相关性,肝硬化患者的FS值随着CTP分级的上升而增加,FS值可以评估CHB肝纤维化程度,在一定程度上可以评估肝硬化患者的肝脏储备功能。     

FibroScan对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化诊断的临床价值

目的探讨肝脏瞬时弹性扫描仪(FibroScan)对慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)肝纤维化的诊断价值。方法对80例行肝脏穿刺检查的CHB患者进行FibroScan检测,记录所检测到的肝脏硬度值。肝纤维化程度分为无或轻度肝纤维化(S0~S1期)、显著肝纤维化(S2~S4期)、严重肝纤维化(S3~S4期)和早期肝硬化(S4期)。以肝脏活体组织检查病理结果为"金标准",绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver-operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线),计算ROC曲线下面积(area under ROC curve,AUROC),评价FibroScan对CHB患者肝纤维化的诊断价值。结果肝脏硬度值与肝脏病理分期呈正相关(rs=0.739,P0.01)。FibroScan对显著肝纤维化、严重肝纤维化和早期肝硬化的AUROC值分别为0.865、0.940和0.944。结论 FibroScan可以较准确地估计CHB患者的肝纤维化程度,部分替代有创性的肝脏活体组织检查,对CHB患者肝纤维化的诊断和治疗有指导意义。     

Fibroscan在慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化诊断中的作用及影响因素

目的探讨肝脏瞬时弹性超声成像(Fibroscan,FS)在评估慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化中的作用及影响因素。方法选择上海瑞金医院感染科2009年1月至2011年12月慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者410例,运用FS检测肝脏硬度值(Stiffness值)。所有患者同期行经皮肝穿刺活组织检查,同时检测肝功能、血小板、凝血等指标。以肝活检结果为标准绘制FS工作特征曲线,计算受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROC),Stiffness值与Ishak评分比对,运用统计学方法进行分析。结果无肝纤维化(S0期)、轻度肝纤维化(S1～S2期)、中度肝纤维化(S3～S4期)和重度肝纤维化及肝硬化(S5期～S6期)患者Stiffness值(kPa)分别为5.45±1.44、7.01±2.42、9.23±3.00、16.87±6.77,对Stiffness值进行组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Stiffness值与肝纤维化分期呈显著正相关(r=0.67812,P<0.01)。Fibroscan检测显著肝纤维化和肝硬化的AUROC分别为0.840和0.938,其中以Stiffness值8.050kPa作为显著肝纤维化的诊断界值,敏感度为60.3%,特异度为93.7%,阳性预测值为94.71%,阴性预测值为55.83%;以12.150kPa作为重度肝纤维化和肝硬化的诊断界值点,敏感度和特异度分别为75.9%和92.0%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为61.11%和95.86%。逐步回归统计分析,Alb、PLT、AST、年龄、体质量对Stiffness值有影响。结论 Fibroscan评估CHB患者肝纤维化程度尤其是显著肝纤维化和肝硬化准确性高,在诊断与疗效评估中具有较好的应用价值。     

瞬时弹性超声成像在评价乙型肝炎肝纤维化严重程度中的价值

目的探讨瞬时弹性超声成像在评价乙肝肝纤维化严重程度中的价值。方法选取我院2015年1月至2016年6月期间收治的220例慢性乙肝患者在肝脏穿刺活检,根据肝脏穿刺纤维化的结果分为5组,分别为S0组(45例)、S1组(42例)、S2组(50例)、S3组(41例)、S4组(42例),同时在肝穿1周内运用瞬时弹性成像对肝硬度值(LSM)进行检测。比较5组患者肝硬度值的差异,分析肝硬度值(LSM)和肝纤维化严重程度的关系,并绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC),并计算瞬时弹性超声成像在诊断肝纤维化程度的特异度和灵敏度。结果①5组患者肝硬度值的比较:5组患者肝硬度值分别为[(4.97±1.45)、(7.14±1.36)、(9.05±1.51)、(11.43±1.32)、(13.17±1.65)kPa],S0期的肝硬度值最低,S4期肝硬度值最高,组间比较均具有统计学差异(均P0.05)。②肝硬度值(LSM)与肝纤维化分期的相关性:肝硬度值随着肝纤维化分期的升高而不断升高,肝硬度值与肝纤维化分期呈正相关(r=0.668,P=0.003)。③肝硬度值诊断肝纤维化程度的特异度和灵敏度:肝硬度值诊断S1、S2、S3、S4期纤维化的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.754、0.863、0.902、0.927;诊断的临界值分别为(6.24、7.61、9.06、10.46)kPa,特异度分别为81.2%、77.5%、94.3%、97.8%;灵敏度分别为71.2%、74.6%、86.2%、87.9%。结论瞬时弹性成像在评价慢性乙肝患者肝纤维化严重程度中有重要价值,特别是针对S3期以上的肝纤维化,具有较高的特异度和灵敏度。     

瞬时弹性成像在诊断HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化中的价值

目的探讨肝脏瞬时弹性成像(FibroScan,FS)在HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化中的应用价值。方法选择2011年6月-2013年5月在湖北省中医院诊治的HBeAg阴性CHB患者104例,运用FS进行肝脏硬度(Stiffness值)测量,所有患者均行肝穿刺活组织检查。以肝活组织检查病理结果为标准,Stiffness值与之对比;同时绘制FS工作特征曲线,计算受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)。组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,两组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。双变量相关性分析采用Pearson相关和Spearman等级相关法。结果随肝纤维化程度的提高,Stiffness值逐渐增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。Stiffness值与肝纤维化分期呈正相关(r=0.810,P0.01)。FS检测肝硬化AUC为0.956,其中以13.1 kPa作为肝硬化的诊断界值,敏感度为92.7%,特异度为80%。结论 FS在HBeAg阴性CHB患者肝纤维化程度的评估中具有较好的应用价值,尤其诊断肝硬化的准确性较高,直接、间接标志物和FS的联合应用有助于肝纤维化患者的鉴别诊断及疗效评估。     

二维剪切波弹性成像诊断慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化价值研究

目的 探讨采用二维剪切波弹性成像(2D-SWE)技术检查慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者,不同取值方法获得的肝脏弹性模量值诊断肝纤维化的效能差异。方法 2019年10月～2022年6月我院诊治的72例CHB患者,行肝活检,根据Scheuer评分将肝纤维化程度分为S0～S4,以Scheuer评分≥S2为显著性肝纤维化。使用Supersonic Aixplorer型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪行2D-SWE检查,分别以5次测量的中位数(方法一)或均值(方法二)为最终检查值。应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)评估两种取值方法获得的弹性模量值诊断CHB患者肝纤维化和显著性肝纤维化的效能。结果 根据Scheuer评分,肝组织学检查发现肝纤维化S0/S1期31例、S2期19例、S3期12例和S4期10例,其中S2～S4期显著性肝纤维化41例;取值方法一检测的S0/S1、S2、S3和S4期肝脏弹性模量值分别为(6.1±1.2)kPa、(8.1±1.1)kPa、(11.5±1.8)kPa和(20.9±2.5)kPa,与取值方法二检测的(6.0±1.1)kPa、(8.3±1.2)kPa、(11...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.