2000-2006年山东省围产儿非综合征性总唇裂的动态变化

目的了解山东省2000—2006年围产儿非综合征性总唇裂畸形发生率的动态变化趋势及流行病学特征。方法采用以医院为基础的监测方法收集资料。调查对象为监测医院内住院分娩的孕28周至产后7d的围产儿。结果该省7年非综合征性总唇裂发生率差异无统计学意义，城乡发生率差异也无统计学意义。男性发生率为14．1／万，女性为10．4／万，差异有统计学意义，非综合征性总唇裂的性别比为1．3：1，三类非综合征性唇腭裂各自的发生率为：总唇裂12．2／万，唇裂（CL）3．6／万，唇裂合并腭裂（CP）8．5／万。结论山东省非综合征性唇腭裂发生率无变化趋势，城乡无差异。男性高于女性，唇裂合并腭裂为最常见类型。     

1988～1992年中国联体双胎流行病学调查

为了解联体双胎在我国的发生率及流行病学特征，作者在１９８８～１９９２年期间，采用以医院为单位的整群抽样方法，对全国５００多所医院孕２８周至产后７天的围产儿进行了监测。结果：共监测出联体双胎１０６例，５年围产儿数３２４６４０８，全国平均畸形率为０．３／万。河南、安徽省最高，为０．８／万（Ｐ＜０．０５）；北京市和吉林省最低，为０．１／万（Ｐ＜０．０１）；城镇与乡村比较无显著性差异；女性胎儿的联体双胎畸形率比男性胎儿高２倍多；联体双胎死亡率为９１５‰；产前确诊率３１．１３％。上述结果表明，联体双胎是一种死亡率很高的畸形，在我国其发生率与西方国家相近，更多见于女性，我国的联体双胎产前诊断率低，尚有待提高。     

厦门市2014-2018年围产儿唇腭裂流行状况及流行病学特征分析

目的 分析厦门市2014－2018年围产儿唇腭裂流行状况及流行病学特征。方法 采用以医院为基础的监测方案,收集唇腭裂患儿资料。结果 共纳入围产儿421 457例,报告围产儿唇腭裂297例,其中单纯腭裂98例,单纯唇裂92例,唇裂合并腭裂107例,总唇裂发生率7.05/万。单纯唇裂、唇裂合并腭裂及非综合征性唇腭裂监测发生率男性高于女性,单纯腭裂女性高于男性;总唇裂及各分类城镇均高于乡村,但无明显年龄分布特征。另监测报告28周以内胎儿唇腭裂184例,其中唇裂合并腭裂166例,28周以内胎儿唇腭裂在性别分布、分类构成、诊断时间及诊断方式分布方面与围产儿相比均显著不同。2014-2018年,厦门市围产儿唇腭裂监测发生率稳定,未呈现上升或下降趋势。结论 围产儿唇腭裂监测频率是患病率,而不是发病率。2014-2018年,厦门市围产儿唇腭裂患病率处于相对较低水平,并保持稳定。超声检查是产前诊断唇腭裂唯一有效的手段,普及超声检查并提高超声检查人员的诊断水平是控制围产儿唇腭裂患病率的有效干预措施。     

尼群地平对体外循环中血小板数量及粘附,聚集功能的影响

４０例先天性心脏病患儿按随机配对原则分为对照组（Ｃ组）与实验组（Ｎ组）。Ｎ组术前７ｄ口服尼群地平０．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１／次，１次／８ｈ，最后１次用药于术前２ｈ。测定围体外循环期血小板计数、瑞斯托霉素及ＡＤＰ诱导的最大凝集率。结果表明，Ｎ组血小板计数、瑞斯托霉素诱导的最大凝集率在转流中、后增高于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），ＡＤＰ诱导的最大聚集率在转流前、中低于Ｃ组，转流后高于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），术后纵隔引流量明显减少。说明尼群地平能有效地抑制体外循环中血小板活化，保护血小板的数量与功能     

玉溪市20743例围产儿出生缺陷监测结果分析

目的了解玉溪市围产儿出生缺陷发生,构成情况及其影响因素,为降低出生缺陷提出预防干预措施。方法采用人群和医院相结合的围产儿全人口监测方法,对玉溪市孕满28周至产后7d的围产儿进行监测。结果玉溪市出生缺陷发生率为118．59／万,男性出生缺陷率高于女性。出生缺陷顺位前5位依次为：外耳其它畸形、多指、唇裂合并腭裂,先天性心脏病、唇裂。暴露于可疑致畸因素的出生缺陷构成高于未暴露于可疑致畸因素的出生缺陷。结论建议实行围产儿全人口出生缺陷监测工作,孕期保健对预防出生缺陷的发生至关重要,加强优生优育知识的宣传教育和指导,夫妻双方应戒烟戒酒,孕期应谨慎用药,预防发热和感冒、脱离有害的职业性接触,避免近亲结婚和高龄生育。     

2003年山西某县体表重大出生缺陷监测

目的：了解山西省泽州县目前体表出生缺陷患病水平和缺陷种类。方法：对全县26个乡镇的孕产妇进行跟踪体表重大出生缺陷监测。结果：2003年共监测到孕满20W以上的出生4116名，发现各类出生缺陷85例，出生缺陷发病率为206．5／万。有5种出生缺陷发病率高于10／万。分别为：无脑儿（75．3／万）、脊柱裂（65．6／万）、脑积水（55．9／万）、唇裂（19．4／77）和唇裂伴腭裂（17．0／万）。神经管畸形病例60例，患病率为145．8／万，占全部出生缺陷病例的70．6％。结论：泽州县属体表重大畸形国内高发区，其中神经管畸形是最常见的出生缺陷。     

1999-2007年元江县出生缺陷监测相关因素及干预措施

目的了解元江哈尼族、彝族、傣族自治县出生缺陷的相关因素，提出有针对性的干预措施。对1999～2007年出生缺陷进行分析。结果9年围产儿数21821人，活产数21707人，围产儿死亡331例，围产儿死亡率15．16‰，出生缺陷98人，出生缺陷发生率4．49‰。共查出18种出生缺陷，其中前五位依次为外耳畸形、唇裂、唇裂并腭裂、腭裂、多指畸形、先心病。相关因素为孕母年龄、居住环境、婴儿性别、孕母早孕时所受影响等。结论广泛开展健康教育，认真落实三级预防措施是降低出生缺陷的有效措施。     

慢性肾衰血透患者脂质过氧化损伤与NK细胞活性的临床相关分析

本文测定２３例慢性肾衰血透患者血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＲＢＣ－ＬＰＯ及ＮＫ细胞活性。结果表明透前血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＲＢＣ－ＬＰＯ及ＮＫ细胞活性分别为１０．８５±２．１１ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ、４０．２４±８．０ｕ／ｍｌ、２３．９１±５．４９ｎｍｏｌ／ｇＨｂ和２９．９２±６．０８％（正常对照分别为６．５３±０．６５ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ、７９．２５±７．６１ｕ／ｍｌ、１６．３３±３．６１ｎｍｏｌ／ｇＨｂ和５１．２１±８．３３％）。透后血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ分别为９．３８±１．５４ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ和５１．０７＋９．１６ｕ／ｍｌ，结果均与正常对照有显著差异；且透前、透后血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ也有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。它们之间的相关分析表明血浆ＬＰＯ与ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３２５１Ｐ＜０．０５、ｒ＝０．４１９１Ｐ＜０．０１），与ＳＯＤ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５１１９Ｐ＜０．０１）；血浆ＳＯＤ与ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５３５３、ｒ＝－０．４７６１Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＫ细胞活性与ＲＢＣ－ＬＰＯ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４１３２Ｐ＜０．０５），与血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ无相关。上述表明慢性肾衰血透患者有脂质过氧化损伤，ＳＯＤ酶活性下     

去甲斑蝥素用于单克隆抗体为载体的肿瘤导向治疗实验研究

用单抗３Ａ５制备与去甲斑蝥素（ＮＣＴＤ）的偶联物。ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明：３Ａ５ ＮＣＴＤ偶联物保持对人肝癌ＢＥＬ ７４０２细胞的免疫反应性。克隆生成法测定结果显示：３Ａ５ ＮＣＴＤ具有比ＮＣＴＤ更强的细胞毒性,两者的ＩＣ５０分别为２．３ｍｇ／Ｌ和４．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。小鼠腹腔内移植Ｈ２２肝癌,腹膜内给药（ｉｐ）,３Ａ５ ＮＣＴＤ（３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和ＮＣＴＤ（３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的延长寿命值（ＩＬＳ）分别为１６８％和４２％。裸鼠移植人肝癌ＢＥＬ ７４０２细胞,静脉给药（ｉｖ）,ＮＣＴＤ的肿瘤抑制率为１５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）,３Ａ５ ＮＣＴＤ为６２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;瘤结周围给药（ｐｔ）,ＮＣＴＤ的肿瘤抑制率为４７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,３Ａ５ ＮＣＴＤ为７８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明,与ＮＣＴＤ相比,３Ａ５ ＮＣＴＤ对裸鼠移植人肝癌和腹腔肿瘤具有更强的治疗作用。以上结果提示单抗与ＮＣＴＤ偶联物在肿瘤的导向治疗中有较好的疗效。     

2005年长春市出生缺陷监测资料分析

目的 研究和分析长春市围产儿出生缺陷发生的基本情况。方法 按全国出生缺陷监测方案，于2005年1—12月对长春地区53所医院围产儿进行出生缺陷监测。结果 监测围产儿35797例，出生缺陷儿295例，出生缺陷发生率82．41／万；缺陷儿死亡率38．31％，占围产儿死亡的28．25％。出生缺陷前6位依次为总唇裂、神经管畸形、先天性心脏病、外耳畸形、多指（趾）、先天性脑积水。出生缺陷发生率男性高于女性，城市高于农村，产母年龄35岁以上为高发年龄。结论 应加强优生知识宣传，提高农村出生缺陷诊断及监测水平，降低出生缺陷发生率，提高人口素质。     

Prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Nepal

The aim of this investigation was to determine the birth prevalence of cleft lip and palate in a tertiary health care centre of Dharan, Eastern Nepal and to ascertain whether the birth prevalence in this region differs significantly from birth prevalence reported in similar populations and other racial groups. A retrospective study was conducted from June 2005 to December 2010. The maternity records which included a record of the examination of the newborn child for the prescribed period were analyzed. Fifty one clefts were identified among 30,952 live births during 2005 to 2010. The total birth prevalence of cleft of the lip ± cleft of the palate (CL±P) was 1.64/1000 live births per year. There were 19 clefts of the lip alone (birth prevalence 0.61/1000 per year), 21 cleft lip and palate (0.67/1000 per year), and 11 cleft palate only (0.35/1000 per year). The birth prevalence was higher than what is reported for Caucasian and African populations. Cleft of the lip and palate (CLP) was the most common pattern followed by cleft of the lip (CL) and cleft of the palate (CP). Overall there was a male predominance whereas individually CLP and CL were more common in males while CP was more common in females.     

中国30个县(市)1993～2000年神经管畸形在出生人群中的患病率及变动趋势分析

目的:描述中国30个县(市)1993至2000年神经管畸形(neural tube defects,NTD)在出生人群中的患病率及变动趋势.方法:资料来源于"中美预防出生缺陷和残疾合作项目"中出生缺陷监测的常规报告.研究对象为1993～2000年所有孕满20周的总出生人群(包括活产和死胎、死产).利用线性回归分析神经管畸形率按年变动的趋势.结果:在1993～2000年间,共监测到1 189 126个活产儿和死胎、死产儿出生,其中有明确诊断的神经管畸形儿1 264例;总出生人群中的神经管畸形率为10.63/10 000,1993年的畸形率最高(18.99/10 000), 1998年最低(6.05/10 000);无脑儿、脊柱裂和脑膨出在每10 000个出生儿中的患病率分别为4.71、4.39和1.53.在所有神经管畸形病例中,无脑儿和脊柱裂占的比例较高,分别为44.3% 和41.3% ,而脑膨出仅占14.4%.在神经管畸形病例中有 69.3% 为死胎、死产;而死胎、死产在无脑儿、脊柱裂和脑膨出中所占的比例分别为95.4% 、 43.7% 和 62.6%.线性回归分析结果显示,神经管畸形率从1993至2000年呈显著下降趋势(F=11.818,β=-0.814,P<0.05);而对3种畸形单独分析发现,无脑儿和脊柱裂率也呈显著下降趋势(P分别为0.004和0.026),没有发现脑膨出有显著的年度变化(P=0.227).与国外的9个监测地区比较结果显示,中国的神经管畸形率最高,约为英格兰和威尔士(最低)的7倍.结论:中国30个县(市)的神经管畸形率从1993至2000年呈显著下降趋势;然而中国的神经管畸形率仍然较高.     

Epidemiology of cleft lip and cleft palate in China

During a period of 12 months (Oct. 1986 to Sep. 1987), 1,243,284 live and still births were monitored in 945 hospitals of 29 provinces cities and autonomous regions of China. A total of 2,265 cases of cleft lip and cleft palate were recorded, of which cleft lip with cleft palate accounted for 61.3%, isolated cleft lip for 30.5% and isolated cleft palate for 8.2%. The incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate in this country varied from 13.4 to 30.7 with a mean of 18.2 per 10,000. The total incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate in the rural area is higher (20.8 per 10,000) than that in the urban area (16.9 per 10,000) (P less than 0.01). A male preponderance (19.8 per 10,000) over the female (16.3 per 10,000) (P less than 0.01) was observed.     

263例非综合征性唇腭裂发生率动态变化的研究

[目的 ]了解非综合征性唇腭裂发生率的动态变化及流行病学特征。 [方法 ]对 1 996～ 2 0 0 2年大连地区 38家县级以上助产医院孕 2 8周至产后 7d 2 1 930 1例围产儿 ,2 6 3例非综合征性唇腭裂 (nsCLP)病例的出生缺陷资料进行回顾性分析。 [结果 ]大连地区nsCLP总发生率为 1 2 .0 /万 ,7a间无显著性差异 ,男女无显著性差异。nsCL CP(唇裂合并腭裂 ) 7a的发生率有显著性差异。城市发生率为 1 0 .1 /万、乡村发生率为 1 4 .4 /万 ,有显著性差异。 3类唇腭裂发生率 :nsCL CP7.1 /万 ,nsCL(唇裂 ) 2 .8/万 ,nsCP(腭裂 ) 2 .1 /万。转归中 ,活产 2 1 7例 ,占 82 .5 % ,死胎、死产及 7d内死亡共 4 6例 ,占 1 7.5 %。 [结论 ]大连地区 7a的nsCLP总发生率无变化趋势 ,但nsCL CP的发生率有升高的趋势 ,男女无差异 ,农村高于城市 ;nsCL低于全国发生率     

中国3766例非综合征性总唇裂的分析

为了解我国１９８８￣１９９２年非综合征性总唇裂的流行病学特征及发生率的动态变化趋势,采用以医院为单位的整群抽样方法,对全国５００所医院孕２８周至产后７天的３２４６４０８例围产儿,３７６６例非综合征性总唇裂病例进行性分析。结果：我国非综合征性总唇裂发生率为１１．６／万,其中单纯性唇裂为３．８／万,唇裂合并腭裂为７．８／万,５年发生率无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．１）。城乡非综合征性总唇裂的发生率（１１．７／     

The distribution and classification of clefts in patients attending a cleft lip and palate clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and discuss the etiology, distribution, and classification of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients in one of the most active CLP clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The records of all 171 CLP patients attending the CLP clinic at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were collected in November and December 2006. Variables such as etiology, age, gender, type of cleft, and location of cleft were statistically analyzed. Proportional Z test (p<0.05) was used. RESULTS: The patients age range was 0.5-30 years with an average of 11.1 (standard deviation 5.87) years. Attending male patients (63.7%) were more than females (36.6%) (p=0.000). The unknown environmental factor was the most reported etiological factor (79.5%) (p=0.000). The cleft lip and palate were the most prevalent type (78.3%) (p=0.000). In the different types of cleft, as well as within the same cleft type, the cleft lip and palate type were significantly higher in males (49.1%) (62.7%), than females (29.1%) (37.3%) with (p=0.038) (p=0.008). There were no statistical differences between the right and left cleft sides. CONCLUSION: The average age and range of CLP patients at first visit were high. Attending male patients was more than females. The environmental etiological factor was not identifiable. Males were dominant in the cleft lip and palate type. The cleft lip and palate type were the highest among oral clefts.     

Audit of birth defects in 34,109 deliveries in a tertiary referral center

The objective of the study is to determine the proportion and different types of birth defects among the children born in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 18 months where all consecutively born infants, dead or alive were included. There were total of 34,109 births recorded during this period. The proportion of birth defects in Hospital Kuala Lumpur was 3.1% (n = 1056). The commonest involved were the hematology system, (157.7 per 10,000 births), the central nervous system, genitourinary system and chromosomal anomalies. The proportion was significantly higher in males and in the Chinese (p < 0.001). The commonest abnormalities are Glucose 6 Phosphate Deficiency (157.7/10000), Down's syndrome (12.6/10000), thalassaemia (8.8/10000), cleft lip and/or palate (7.6/10000) and anencephaly (7.3/10000). Neural tube defect is common and ranked second after G6PD deficiency. There is a need for a birth defect registry to assess the extent of the problem in Malaysia.     

The effects of zero population growth on the incidence of cleft lip and palate in Western Australia

A total of 613 cases of cleft lip, cleft palate, and combinations of both (CLP(P)) has been ascertained in the period from 1958 to 1975 in Western Australia. Near-total ascertainment of cases during this period was obtained from multiple sources. There has been a significant decline in the total incidence and the cleft lip and palate (CLP) incidence in males. The hypothesis is presented that these changes are linked to the changing fertility pattern throughout Australia (as technological improvements are made in the simplicity and efficacy of birth control), and abortion (as social attitudes change); and as the birthrate drops towards zero population growth (ZPG). The paper presents two critical observations: (i) the link between CLP(P) incidence, and demographic changes; (ii) in differing behaviour of cleft lip (CL) and CLP, which were previously regarded as linked conditions.     

腭裂患者302例临床资料分析

目的通过回顾性调查,了解河南省先天性腭裂的患病情况与特点,从而规范河南省唇腭裂患者的综合序列治疗。方法收集2005年8月至2009年12月期间在郑州大学第一附属医院口腔科进行腭裂手术及腭裂术后二期修复的302例腭裂患者的临床病历资料,并将所得数据进行统计分析。结果在本纽病例中,男性患者172例,女性患者130例,年龄1．5～41岁,中位年龄3．6岁,男女比例约为1．32：1;单纯腭裂的发生男女差异无统计学意义,而唇腭裂的发生男女性别差异有统计学意义;单纯腭裂和腭裂伴有唇裂的发生率差异有统计学意义;在腭裂的构成比中,主要以不完全腭裂为主,占70．86％,完全腭裂占19．87％,腭裂术后穿孔占6．29％。结论单纯腭裂的发生男女无明显性别差异;而唇腭裂的发生男女性别差异有统计学意义,男性约是女性的3倍;单纯腭裂的发病率明显高于腭裂伴有唇裂的发病率;在腭裂的构成比中,主要以不完全腭裂为主;腭瘘仍是目前腭裂术后最常见的并发症。