磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺疾病中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺疾病中的应用价值.方法 对29例前列腺疾病患者(前列腺增生22例,前列腺癌7例)进行扩散加权成像,并测量表观扩散系数值(ADC值).结果 前列腺增生的中央叶及外围叶的ADC值分别为(1.95±0.09)×10-3mm2/s和(2.69 ±0.12)×10-3mm2/s,而前列腺癌灶与邻近未被癌组织侵及的中央叶及外围叶的ADC值分别为(1.26±0.08)×10-3mm2/s,(1.93±0.07)×10-3mm2/s和(2.61 ±0.07)×10-3mm2/s.前列腺增生病变中中央叶及外围叶的ADC值之间有统计学差异(t=23.09,P＜0.05);前列腺癌灶的ADC值分别与邻近未被癌组织侵及的中央叶及外围叶的ADC值之间存在统计学差异(t=15.50,P＜0.05;t=30.56,P＜0.05),同时前列腺癌灶与前列腺增生病变组中的中央叶及外围叶的ADC值之间亦分别存在着统计学差异(t=17.63,P＜0.05;t=27.09,P＜0.05).结论 磁共振扩散加权成像对前列腺疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断有一定的价值.     

扩散峰度成像在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值

【摘要】目的:探讨扩散峰度成像( DKI)在鉴别前列腺癌与非癌组织（包括良性前列腺增生和正常组织）中的价值。方法：搜集经病理证实的61例前列腺疾病患者的病例资料,包括前列腺癌患者37例（均行前列腺根治切除术）和前列腺增生患者24例（均行经直肠12针穿刺活检）。所有患者均行3.0T常规MRI及10个b值（0、50、100、250、500、750、1000、1500、2000、2500s/mm2）的单次激发EPI扫描,通过DKI模型计算平均扩散系数(MD)和平均峰度(MK)参数图,分别测量前列腺癌组织、中央叶及移行带非癌组织、外周带非癌组织的MD、MK值,比较各组织间的差异,并进行ROC曲线分析,计算MD、MK值诊断前列腺癌的敏感度及特异度。结果：前列腺癌患者的癌组织、中央叶和移行带非癌组织、外周带非癌组织三者之间的MD值、MK值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）;MD值、MK值在鉴别诊断前列腺癌与非癌组织中具有较高的敏感度和特异度,当MD、MK界值分别为1.617×10-3mm2/s、0.736×10-3mm2/s时,诊断前列腺癌的敏感度和特异度分别为96.8％、91.6%和95.8％、99.1%,曲线下面积分别为0.993和0.983。结论：DKI模型能较好地反映前列腺癌与非癌组织结构的差异,在前列腺癌诊断中具有较高的临床应用价值。     

MR扩散加权成像在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coeffi-cient,ADC)在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值.资料与方法 43例经钼靶或彩超诊断为乳腺肿瘤的患者采用单次激发回波平面成像(echo planar imaging,EPI)技术行双侧乳腺DWI,扩散敏感系数(b值)分别为600、750、1000 s/mm2.同时选取10名知情的健康志愿者及4例患者对侧正常乳腺作为对照组.观察乳腺病变在DWI上的大小、形态及信号特征,测量24个正常乳腺、手术病理证实的24个恶性病灶、23个良性病灶分别在b=600、750、1000 s/mm2时的ADC值,比较良、恶性病变、正常腺体间ADC值差异及b=600、750、1000 s/mm2时ADC值差异.根据恶性组平均ADC值的95%可信区间的上限,计算3组不同b值下诊断乳腺癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性.结果 乳腺良、恶性病变、正常腺体间ADC值差异均有统计学意义(F=101.113,P<0.0001),恶性病变ADC值明显低于良性病变和正常腺体组织(P<0.0001),良性病变ADC值明显低于正常腺体组织(P<0.0001);3组b值间ADC值差异均有统计学意义(F=15.539,P<0.0001),b值越低,ADC值越大(P<0.05).b=600、750、1000 s/mm2时,根据恶性组平均ADC值的95%可信区间的上限诊断乳腺癌的敏感性分别为91.7%、70.8%和79.1%,特异性分别为89.4%、89.4%和93.6%,准确性分别为93.0%、69.0%和88.7%.结论 根据ADC值可以对乳腺良、恶性病变做出鉴别诊断,其敏感性、特异性和准确性较高,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

MR扩散加权成像在胃良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)及其表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coeffi-cient,ADC)在胃良、恶性肿瘤鉴别中的价值,确定ADC值在良恶性肿瘤鉴别中的最佳临界点。方法 39例经手术或胃镜活检病理证实的胃肿瘤性病变患者,进行常规MRI及DWI,b值采用800 s/mm2,以病理结果为金标准,统计分析胃良性和恶性占位之间的ADC值差异。结果当b值为800 s/mm2,良性组ADC平均值为(2.200±0.959)×10-3mm2/s,恶性组ADC平均值为(1.89±0.463)×10-3mm2/s,两组间有显著差异(F=25.12,P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,区别良恶性胃部肿瘤的最佳临界点为1.915×10-3mm2/s,其敏感性为88.7%,特异性为91.1%,约登指数为0.798。结论 DWI在胃肿瘤诊断中具有可行性。b值为800 s/mm2时,胃良性和恶性肿瘤之间的ADC值存在显著统计学差异,区别胃部良恶性肿瘤的最佳临界点为1.915×10-3mm2/s,ADC值对于鉴别胃良恶性肿瘤有辅助诊断价值。     

前列腺中央腺体偶发癌与中央腺体癌的MR扩散加权成像

目的:运用MR扩散加权成像对前列腺中央腺体偶发癌和中央腺体癌的表现扩散系数值(ADC值)进行定量分析.方法:回顾性分析8例前列腺中央腺体偶发癌和32例中央腺体癌患者病例资料,比较两者ADC值.结果:①中央腺体ADC值:前列腺中央腺体偶发癌组与中央腺体癌组分别为(1.48±0.18)×10-3mm2/s、(1.20±0....     

MR扩散、灌注成像鉴别前列腺良恶性病变的价值

目的 探讨MR扩散成像(DWI)和灌注成像(PWI)在鉴别前列腺良恶性病变诊断中的应用价值. 资料与方法 对临床诊断为前列腺疾病的70例患者,其中良性前列腺增生(BPH)42例,前列腺癌(PCa)28例分别进行MR弥散成像和灌注成像,测算病灶的表观扩散系数(ADCs);并对标本进行免疫组织化学检测,分析病变的灌注曲线最大线性斜率(SSmax)、T2*弛豫率(ΔR2*peak)与免疫组织化学结果 (VEGF、MVD)的各自相关性. 结果 (1)BPH组前列腺中央带增生结节、外周带的平均ADC值分别为:(1.783±0.282)×10-3 mm2/ s,(2.025±0.358)×10-3 mm2/ s;PCa组前列腺中央带、外周带癌灶平均ADC值分别为:(1.632±0.082)×10-3 mm2/ s,(0.267±0.07)×10-3 mm2/ s.PCa组外周带癌灶平均ADC值明显低于BPH组增生结节(P<0.05);(2)BPH组增生结节灌注曲线的SSmax及ΔR2*peak分别为:33.5±3.1、1.5±0.1;PCa组癌灶灌注曲线的SSmax及ΔR2*peak分别为:58.4±4.7, 3.14±0.5, 两者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)BPH组VEGF阳性、阴性例数分别为9例和33例,MVD平均值为22.76±6.54;PCa组VEGF阳性、阴性例数分别为24例和4例,MVD平均值为71.38±9.17;PCa的VEGF和MVD的表达水平明显高于BPH(P<0.01),PCa、BPH的VEGF表达与MVD表达呈正相关性(P<0.01);灌注成像(PWI)参数SSmax、ΔR2*peak与VEGF、MVD具有相关性(P<0.01). 结论 DWI可对BPH与PCa的ADC值进行定量分析,PWI可反映前列腺良恶性疾病的血管生成情况,有助于鉴别前列腺良恶性病变.     

MR扩散张量成像在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MR DTI在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月至2010年12月期间,临床怀疑为前列腺癌且行MR常规检查及DTI扫描的44例患者的资料.病理证实为前列腺癌16例、良性前列腺增生28例.采用t检验比较前列腺癌、良性前列腺增生患者间各向异性分数(FA)值及ADC值的差异,采用ROC曲线分析FA值及ADC值对前列腺癌诊断效能,并初步确定前列腺癌FA值及ADC值诊断阈值.结果 前列腺癌区和良性前列腺增生的FA值分别为0.308±0.084和0.203±0.029,ADC值分别为(0.883±0.192)×10-3和( 1.408±0.130)×10-3mm2/s,差异均有统计学意义(￡值分别为4.833和10.779,P值均＜0.01).ROC曲线上,ADC曲线下面积为0.996(95％可信区间为0.984～1.007),FA值曲线下面积为0.904(95％可信区间为0.812～0.996),FA值联合ADC值的曲线下面积为0.996(95％可信区间为0.984～1.007).ADC值阈值为0.725×10-3mm2/s,敏感度为100.0％,特异度为96.0％;FA值阈值为0.311,敏感度为100.0％,特异度为68.7％.结论 DTI成像能为前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息,有助于提高对前列腺癌的诊断能力.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的:评价MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法:搜集有手术或穿刺病理结果的前列腺疾病患者15例,其中前列腺癌10例,前列腺炎5例。所有病例均行MR常规T1WI、T2WI及DWI扫描。回顾性分析各组病例的MR常规表现及DWI表现。结果:在MR扩散加权图像上,8例前列腺癌表现为外周带内局限性显著高信号,其余病变在扩散加权成像上为低信号或等信号。结论:MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

MR扩散加权成像在慢性肾病诊断中的价值分析

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在慢性肾病(CKD)诊断中的价值. 资料与方法 对25例CKD患者25例正常人行肾脏DWI,比较分析肾脏表观扩散系数(ADC)值间的差异,分析肾脏ADC值与血清肌酐水平的关系. 结果 正常组双肾ADC值差异无统计学意义;正常组男女志愿者肾脏的ADC值差异无统计学意义.病例组双肾ADC值差异无统计学意义;病例组男女患者肾脏ADC值差异无统计学意义.正常组肾脏ADC值为(2.53±0.24)×10-3 mm2/s,病例组肾脏ADC值为(2.40±0.31)×10-3 mm2/s,两组间肾脏ADC值差异有统计学意义.早期肾功能损害组与正常组肾脏ADC值差异无统计学意义;中晚期肾功能损害组与正常组肾脏ADC值间差异有统计学意义.CKD患者肾脏ADC值与血清肌酐水平呈轻度负相关. 结论 肾脏DWI可用于慢性肾病的诊断,在中期肾功能损害诊断方面具有一定价值.     

MR扩散加权成像对宫腔良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的:初步探讨DWI检查时表观扩散系数(ADC)值对局限于宫腔的子宫内膜癌与常见宫腔良性病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法:对32例经手术病理证实为局限于宫腔的子宫内膜癌和19例经分段诊刮病理检查证实为宫腔的良性病变(内膜增生l2例、内膜息肉7例)的患者行常规MRI和DWI检查(b=1000s/mm2),经后处理获得ADC图,测...     

超高b值弥散加权联合T2加权序列诊断外周带前列腺癌的价值

目的 探讨超高b值弥散加权成像（DWI）联合T2加权成像（T2WI）诊断外周带前列腺癌（PCa）的临床应用价值。 方法 选取2018年12月1日至2019年10月1日在佛山市第一人民医院行超声引导下前列腺靶点穿刺、临床病理学确诊并于穿刺前后1个月内行前列腺MRI检查的PCa患者41例,年龄49~89岁,中位年龄69岁。所有患者均行3.0T超高b值（分别为2000、3000 s/mm2）的DWI及T2WI脂肪抑制序列MRI成像。以前列腺靶点穿刺病理学结果为“金标准”,分别计算T2WI、DWI（b=2000 s/mm2）、DWI（b=3000 s/mm2）、T2WI+DWI（b=2000 s/mm2）、T2WI+DWI（b=3000 s/mm2）对PCa的诊断灵敏度、特异度和准确率。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析计算各方法诊断PCa的曲线下面积。 结果 41例患者中,PCa患者26例（通过临床结合穿刺点位置确诊为外周带PCa）,良性前列腺增生患者15例。T2WI、DWI（b=2000 s/mm2）、DWI（b=3000 s/mm2）、T2WI+DWI（b=2000 s/mm2）、T2WI+DWI（b=3000 s/mm2）诊断PCa的灵敏度分别为0.962（25/26）、0.962（25/26）、0.962（25/26）、0.923（24/26）、0.923（24/26）,特异度分别为0.400（6/15）、0.667（10/15）、0.876（13/15）、0.800（12/15）、1.000（15/15）,准确率分别为0.756（31/41）、0.854（35/41）、0.926（38/41）、0.878（36/41）、0.951（39/41）,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.681、0.814、0.914、0.872、0.972（P=0.056、0.001、＜0.001、＜0.001、＜0.001）。 结论 T2WI+DWI（b=3000 s/mm2）序列图像诊断PCa具有较高的准确率,有望成为一种可靠的诊断前列腺疾病的无创性检查方法。     

磁共振DWI结合T_2WI在前列腺疾病诊断中的价值

目的：探讨磁共振DWI结合T2WI在前列腺良恶性疾病诊断中的价值。方法：53例经组织病理学及随访证实的前列腺疾病患者,其中前列腺癌（PCa）15例,前列腺增生（BPH）38例,行磁共振平扫及DWI,测量其表观扩散系数（ADC）及病灶与周围正常外围带ADC值的相对比值,经2名有经验的医师进行双盲阅片,比较T2WI及DWI结合T2WI对PCa、BPH的定性诊断准确率。结果：T2WI对PCa、BPH的定性诊断准确率分别为73.3%、65.8%,DWI结合T2WI对PCa、BPH的定性诊断准确率分别为86.7%、92.1%。结论：DWI结合T2WI能提高前列腺疾病的定性诊断准确率,DWI及ADC值在一定程度上有助于前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别。     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the early diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been shown to be highly sensitive in detecting acute cerebral infarction, but its use in detecting hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates is still controversial. Moreover, few reports concern pre-term infants with possible periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). We examined the ability of this technique to detect cerebral changes in the acute phase of PVL. Fifteen MR examinations were performed in 11 pre-term infants (mean age 3.4 days, range 2–6 days). Conventional DWI sequences, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and US obtained in the acute phase were compared. All the neonates underwent US follow-up up to 4 months after delivery; those with suspected PVL also underwent MRI follow-up for up to 2 months. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed to assess the presence of DW changes compatible with PVL. Diffusion-weighted MRI showed signal hyperintensity associated with decreased ADC values in 3 subjects (27%). In these patients conventional MRI sequences were interpreted as normal and US (performed at the same time) as doubtful in 2 and compatible with PVL in 1 subject. The MRI and US follow-up confirmed severe damage in all these patients. In 1 neonate hemorrhages involving the germinative matrix were identified. In 8 neonates MRI was considered normal. In these subjects US follow-up (up to 4 months) confirmed no signs of PVL. Diffusion-weighted imaging may have a higher correlation with later evidence of PVL than does conventional MR imaging and US when performed in the acute phase of the disease.     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of viral encephalitis

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis and its relationship with the stage of the illness.Methods We performed conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including T1-W, T2-W and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences and DWI in 18 patients with viral encephalitis diagnosed on the basis of laboratory, clinical and radiologic findings. Based on the qualitative and quantitative comparison of the conventional MRI and DWI, the patients were divided into three groups. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the involved and contralateral normal brain tissues were computed and compared for each group. The degree of correlation between the time (TI) from the onset of neurologic symptoms to the MR examination and ADC values was determined.Results In group I (n=11) DWI was superior to conventional MRI in detecting the encephalitic involved sites and in depicting the borders of the encephalitic lesions. In group II (n=4) DWI was similar to conventional MRI. In group III (n=3) conventional MRI was superior to DWI. Mean ADC values of affected versus contralateral normal brain tissues were 0.458±0.161×10⁻³ versus 0.86±0.08×10⁻³ in group I, 0.670±0.142×10⁻³ versus 0.93±0.07×10⁻³ in group II, and 1.413±0.211×10⁻³ versus 1.05±0.06×10⁻³ in group III. Patients in group I had significantly lower ADC values than those in group II, while patients in group III had the highest ADC values (P<0.05). The ADC values were significantly lower in the affected sites than in the unaffected sites of patients in groups I and II, but were significantly higher in the affected sites than in the unaffected sites of patients in group III (P<0.05). There was an excellent correlation between ADC values and duration of the disease (r=0.874, P=0.01).Conclusion DWI is superior to other conventional diagnostic MR sequences in the detection of early viral encephalitic lesions and depiction of the lesion borders and, in combination with other sequences, DWI may contribute to the determination of the disease phase.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging of adnexal torsion

We report the diffusion-weighted imaging findings (DWI) of a case with ovarian torsion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large cyst within a non-enhancing ovary. DWI depicted restricted diffusion which in turn was found to be related with the infarction of the ovary in the laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy performed.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging in acute bacterial meningitis in infancy

Bacterial meningitis is frequently fatal or leads to severe neurological impairment. Complications such as vasculitis, resulting in infarcts, should be anticipated and dealt with promptly. Our aim was to demonstrate the complications of meningitis by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in patients who deteriorated despite therapy. We studied 13 infants between the ages of 1 day and 32 months who presented with symptoms ranging from fever and vomiting to seizures, encephalopathy and coma due to bacterial meningitis, performing MRI, including DWI, 2–5 days after presentation. Multiple infarcts were found on DWI in 12 of the 13, most commonly in the frontal lobes (in 10). Global involvement was seen in four children, three of whom died; the fourth had a very poor outcome. In one case abnormalities on DWI were due to subdural empyemas. We diagnosed vasculitis in three of five patients studied with MRA. We think DWI an important part of an MRI study in infants with meningitis. Small cortical or deep white-matter infarcts due to septic vasculitis can lead to tissue damage not easily recognized on routine imaging and DWI can be used to confirm that extra-axial collections represent empyemas.     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute spinal cord ischemia

We report diffusion-weighted (DW) MR findings for acute spinal cord ischemia in a 56-year-old patient. MR imaging obtained approximately 3 h after symptom onset demonstrated an area of hyperintensity on DW images, but no conspicuous signal abnormality on T2-weighted images in the conus medullaris. DW imaging of the spinal cord can contribute to the early detection of spinal cord vascular compromise.     

前列腺癌和增生的MRI与病理对照研究

目的 研究前列腺癌不同ＭＲＩ表现的病理基础,以提高ＭＲＩ对前列腺癌和增生诊断的准确性。方法 观察经病理证实的４３例前列腺癌和４０例增生患者的前列腺形态及信号改变,并加以比较,前列腺癌组中１７例取前列腺左右两侧外周区上中下、左右移行区上下共１０点进行穿刺,对穿刺组织分别进行病理检查,同时计算癌变组织占总穿刺体积的百分比,并与其ＭＲＩ进行对比。结果 前列腺癌形态规则３１例,不规则１２例,增生组分别为３     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune pancreatitis

Purpose  The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) for the diagnosis and evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Materials and methods  A total of 4 consecutive patients with AIP, 5 patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CP), and 13 patients without pancreatic disease (controls) were studied. DWI was performed in the axial plane with spin-echo echo-planar imaging single-shot sequence. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in circular regions of interest in the pancreas. In AIP patients, abdominal MRI was performed before, and 2–4 weeks after steroid treatment. Follow-up study was performed chronologically for up to 11 months in two patients. The correlation between ADCs of the pancreas and the immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) index (serum IgG4 value/serum IgG4 value before steroid treatment) was evaluated. Results  In the AIP patients, DWI of the pancreas showed high signal intensity, and the ADCs of the pancreas (mean ± SD: 0.97 ± 0.18 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) were significantly lower than those in patients with CP (1.45 ± 0.10 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) or the controls (1.45 ± 0.16 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05). In one AIP patient with focal swelling of the pancreas head that appeared to be a mass, DWI showed high signal intensity throughout the pancreas, indicating diffuse involvement. The ADCs of the pancreas and IgG4 index were significantly inversely correlated (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, r _s = −0.80, P < 0.05). Conclusion  Autoimmune pancreatitis showed high signal intensity on DWI, which improved after steroid treatment. ADCs reflected disease activity. Thus, diffusion-weighted MRI might be useful for diagnosing AIP, determining the affected area, and evaluating the effect of treatment. T. Taniguchi and H. Kobayashi contributed equally to this study     

骨髓弥散加权成像

弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging，DWI)可反映活体组织中的水分子运动，近年来逐步应用于骨髓病变的诊断。①骨髓DWI技术：包括自旋回波DWI、受激回波DWI、稳态自由进动DWI和回波平面DWI。②正常骨髓DWI表现：体内骨髓具有不同的DWI表现，正常椎体骨髓弥散值较小。③骨髓病变DWI表现：骨髓创伤、脊柱感染性病变、脊椎海绵状血管瘤、白血病骨髓、骨髓恶性淋巴瘤和脊椎病理性压缩骨折具有不同的DWI表现。④骨髓DWI应用与展望：DWI可在分子水平探测骨髓病变，还可通过计算ADC值为骨髓病变的检出提供客观诊断依据。