布托啡诺用于术后静脉镇痛的临床研究

布托啡诺是一种混合型阿片受体激动-拮抗药,主要激动κ受体,部分拮抗μ受体,对δ受体的活性很低,能产生较理想的镇痛和镇静效果,而没有精神和生理的不良反应[1].本研究采用随机双盲法观察其用于术后静脉镇痛的效应及不良反应,为临床合理用药提供参考.     

布托啡诺用于老年病人术后自控静脉镇痛的疗效观察

目的比较布托啡诺、曲马多、哌替啶、布托啡诺复合哌替啶在老年人术后的镇痛效果。方法120名行腹部和下肢手术的老年患者,随机分为四组进行术后镇痛:布托啡诺组(B组)、曲马多组(T组)、哌替啶组(M组)和布托啡诺复合哌替啶组(B+M组)。所有患者在术毕前10~30 min静脉注入负荷量,分别注入布托啡诺1 mg、曲马多50 mg、哌替啶50 mg、布托啡诺0.5 mg+哌替啶25 mg,按双盲原则进行观察,镇痛程度使用视觉疼痛评分。结果各组患者手术后不同时间点的血压、心率、呼吸频率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),对手术后各组不同时间点VAS评分进行比较,发现6 h和12 h 2个时间点B组、B+M组和其他两组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组的恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、瘙痒发生率低于其他三组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺具有较好的镇痛效果、较轻的不良反应的优点,可安全有效地用于老年病人术后镇痛。     

丙泊酚复合布托啡诺用于无痛人流手术的观察

布托啡诺(butorphanol)是一种混合型阿片受体激动-拮抗剂,主要激动κ受体,部分拮抗μ受体,对δ受体的活性很低,能产生较理想的镇痛和镇静效果,且没有精神和生理的不良反应[1].本研究采用随机双盲法观察其用于无痛人流术的效应及不良反应,为临床合理用药提供参考.     

布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼用于术后自控静脉镇痛效果观察

目的：观察布托啡诺舒联合芬太尼用于术后患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果。方法：将腹部手术90例随机分为布托啡诺（B组）、舒芬太尼（S组）和布托啡诺＋舒芬太尼组（BS组）各30例。B组布托啡诺10mg/100ml,S组舒芬太尼100mg/100ml,BS组（布托啡诺5mg＋舒芬太尼50μg）/100ml;持续量2ml/h,单次给药量为1ml,间歇时间10min。观察比较3组PCIA开始后4h、8h、12h、24h、48h患者的生命体征、VAS评分、Ramsay评分和不良反应的发生率。结果：3组术中及术后各时间节点HR、BP、SaO2、ECG和PETCO2差异不显著（P〉0.05）;在4h、8h、12h、24h时间节点上,B组VAS评分显著高于S组和BS组（P〈0.01）;12h内,B组Ramsay评分显著高于S组和BS组;B组在0～4h、4～8h、8～12h和12～24h时间段PCA总需求次数显著多于S组和BS组（P〈0.01）;B组头晕发生率显著高于S组和BS组（P〈0.05）;S组恶心、呕吐发生率显著高于B组和BS组（P〈0.05）。结论：布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼镇痛效果优于布托啡诺或舒芬太尼单独应用。     

布托啡诺、吗啡用于高龄患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛的安全性比较

目的 观察布托啡诺、吗啡用于高龄患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛的安全性比较.方法 60例高龄下肢手术患者行连续硬膜外麻醉随机分为两组:B组和M组.分别于术后2h(T1)、6h(T2)、12 h(T3)、24 h(T4)、48 h(T5)监测并记录患者潮气量(VT)、肺活量(VC)、呼吸频率(RR);抽取动脉血监测PH、PaCO2、PaO2、SaO2等指标.结果 M组在T2、T3时RR、VC、PaO2明显低于B组,且与同组T0时相比也明显降低有显著性差异(P＜0.05);而PaCO2在T2、T3时明显高于B组,且与同组T0时相比也明显升高,均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 布托啡诺应用于高龄患者硬膜外自控镇痛时,对呼吸系统抑制较轻,安全性好.     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术后多模式镇痛临床研究

目的探讨悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)后多模式镇痛方法的选择及效果。方法回顾性分析2015年7月至2016年6月中国医科大学附属第一医院行UPPP患者78例,其中,术后应用酒石酸布托啡诺的患者35例设为布托啡诺组,行自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的患者43例设为PCIA组。比较两组患者术后镇痛相关并发症发生率、术后72 h疼痛评分。结果两组患者术后72 h镇痛效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但布托啡诺组术后镇痛相关并发症发生率明显低于PCIA组,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两种术后镇痛方式均可提供有效、稳定的术后镇痛效果,但使用酒石酸布托啡诺镇痛的并发症发生率更低,具有更高的安全性。     

布托啡诺与芬太尼对瑞芬太尼麻醉后早期痛觉过敏的治疗效果比较

目的比较布托啡诺与芬太尼对瑞芬太尼麻醉术后早期痛觉过敏（OIH）的防治作用。方法选取ASAI-II级,年龄18～45岁的择期手术患者50例,随机分成两组：布托啡诺（B组）,芬太尼（F组）,每组25例。两组皆采用吸入0.7～1.3MAC七氟醚＋0.05～0.25ug.kg-1.min-1瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,进行心电图、无创血压、SpO2、BIS、TOF、ETCO2、麻醉气体浓度监测。观察指标：（1）拔管期指标：记录静注芬太尼或布托啡诺前基础值（T0）、静脉注射芬太尼或布托啡诺后5min（T1）、拔管前（T2）、拔管后1min（T3）、插管后5min（T4）的HR、MAP、SpO2、BIS值。（2）拔管后30min、1h、4h早期镇静/警觉（OAA/S）与镇痛（VAS）评分。（3）PACU不良反应。结果两组各时点的HR、MAP、SpO2的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而B组在T1的BIS明显低于F组（P〈0.05）。OAA/S在拔管后30min与1h两时间点,B组与F组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在各时间点B组VAS均明显低于F组（P〈0.05）。术后不良反应无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在腔镜手术结束时静脉注射布托啡诺对瑞芬太尼麻醉后早期痛觉过敏的防治效果优于芬太尼。     

布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的应用

目的探讨布托啡诺复合罗哌卡因在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的应用。方法将80例孕妇随机分为两组,布托啡诺组40例(A组),负荷剂量0.125%罗哌卡因加1mg布托啡诺,泵入镇痛液为0.125%罗哌卡因加0.002%布托啡诺;对照组40例(B组),负荷剂量0.125%罗哌卡因,泵入镇痛液为0.125%罗哌卡因。待产妇第一产程开始进入活跃期开始实施分娩镇痛,穿刺成功后经导管注入负荷剂量,间隔30min后连接微量泵持续泵入镇痛液。记录两组疼痛开始缓解时间、产程时间、新生儿Apgar评分及产妇镇静程度。结果 A组疼痛开始缓解时间明显缩短。产妇镇静满意度高于对照组。产程时间、新生儿Apgar评分无明显差异。结论负荷剂量加1mg布托啡诺,泵入液为0.002%酒石酸布托啡诺和0.125%罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛起效时间短,效果确切,产妇满意度高。     

氟比洛芬酯复合酒石酸布托啡诺在腔镜甲状腺切除术后的镇痛效果研究

目的评价氟比洛芬酯复合酒石酸布托啡诺用于腔镜甲状腺切除术后多模式镇痛效果。方法选择60例拟行腔镜下甲状腺切除手术的成年女性患者,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为3组：对照组（C组）：注射用芬太尼0.1mg稀释至10ml,拔管后即刻静脉缓慢推注;氟比洛芬酯组（F组）：氟比洛芬酯100mg,拔管后即刻静脉缓慢推注;氟比洛芬酯复合酒石酸布托啡诺组（FB组）：氟比洛芬酯注射液50mg复合酒石酸布托啡诺1mg稀释至10ml,拔管后即刻静脉缓慢推注。观察静脉给药后0、2、4、8、12、24h的镇痛、镇静评分及不良反应发生率。结果与C组比较,F组在术后4h镇痛评分低;FB组在术后2、4及8h镇痛评分低,2及4h镇静评分高（P〈0.05）。与F组比较,FB组在术后2及4h镇痛评分低,在2h镇静评分高（P〈0.05）。术后恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论氟比洛芬酯复合酒石酸布托啡诺静脉注射安全有效,能够更好的满足腔镜甲状腺切除术后早期镇痛,且镇静效果好。     

布托啡诺持续静脉输注用于全髋置换患者术后镇痛的临床观察

目的观察布托啡诺持续静脉输注镇痛(CVA)用于全髋置换手术后病人的临床效应及安全性。方法40例择期全髋置换术患者,术毕随机分为两组,使用一次性镇痛泵分别用布托啡诺(A组,n=20例)和吗啡(B组,n=20例)持续输注镇痛。观察术后各时间点患者的疼痛程度分布情况,完成术后镇痛48h内患者对镇痛治疗总体印象评分以及可能出现的不良反应。结果A组与B组术后不同时间点疼痛分布情况差异无显著性(P>0.05),术后48h内镇痛效果比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),但是术后48h内B组出现不良反应比A组大(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺CVA用于全髋置换手术后病人的镇痛效应与吗啡接近,不良反应轻微。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.