低级别胶质瘤患者外科治疗的癫痫缓解效果及其影响因素分析

[目的]探讨以癫痫为初发症状的低级别胶质瘤(LGG)患者行外科治疗的癫痫缓解效果及其影响因素.[方法]回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年12月本院收治的83例行手术治疗的以癫痫为初发症状的LGG患者的临床资料,根据其术后6个月内的Engel分级分为有效组(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)和无效组(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级),比较两组的临床病理资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选出患者手术疗效的独立影响因素.[结果]所有患者均完成外科手术,随访结果表明术后6个月内的Engel分级结果为Ⅰ级37例(44.6%)、Ⅱ级29例(34.9%)、Ⅲ级13例(15.7%)、Ⅳ级4例(4.8%).有效组的WHO分级为Ⅰ级、肿瘤位于额叶运动区、术中应用皮层脑电监测(ECoG)监测的比例显著高于无效组,术前发作频率≥1次/日的比例显著低于无效组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,术前发作频率≥1次/日是患者手术无效的独立危险因素,术中应用ECoG监测是其独立保护因素(P<0.05).[结论]对于以癫痫为初发症状的LGG患者而言,外科治疗的癫痫缓解效果较好,术前癫痫发作频率与术中是否应用ECoG监测这两个因素可影响手术疗效.     

多病灶难治性癫痫的术前定位和手术疗效分析

目的 探讨多病灶难治性癫痫的临床特点、术前定位、术后疗效及手术相关并发症。方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院癫痫中心2013年7月至2018年 4月11例多病灶难治性癫痫患者的临床资料, 根据患者临床症状学、长程视频脑电图（long term video EEG monitoring,VEEG）、磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）、正电子发射计算机断层成像（PET CT）、PET/MRI融合等进行综合术前评估,术中在皮层脑电监测（ECoG）下行局部病灶或扩大脑叶切除术。术后按Engel分级进行评分,并进行随访。结果 11例患者中软化灶7例,瘢痕性脑回1例,脑裂畸形1例,软化灶合并瘢痕性脑回2例。术后随访3~60个月,Engle分级：Ⅰ级7例（63.6%）,Ⅱ级2例（18.2%）,Ⅲ级1例（9.1%）,Ⅳ级1例（9.1%）;63.6%患者无发作,总有效率为90.9%。术后2例出现颅内感染,1例合并脑积水;1例出现原有视野缺损加重;1例出现右侧肢体偏瘫;无死亡病例。结论 对于多病灶难治性癫痫,根据精准的术前评估后行手术治疗可获得良好的预后。     

以癫痫起病岛叶低级别胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

[目的]探讨以癫痫起病岛叶低级别胶质瘤的显微外科治疗方法及疗效.[方法]对34例以癫痫起病的岛叶低级别胶质瘤患者的临床和随访资料进行回顾性分析.[结果]肿瘤全切16例,次全切13例,部分切除5例;术后癫痫改善情况:EngelⅠ级28例(82％),Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级3例;术后短暂轻偏瘫7例,失语6例,随访3个月至6年,仍有2例轻偏瘫.[结论]通过显微外科治疗以癫痫起病的岛叶低级别胶质瘤可有效控制癫痫发作,术后并发症发生率低,效果良好.     

皮层脑电图监测下切除伴有癫痫的幕上脑膜瘤

目的 探讨皮层脑电图监测下幕上脑膜瘤伴有癫痫的手术疗效.方法 我们于2004年9月至2008年1月对32例幕上脑膜瘤伴有癫痫的患者行手术治疗.所有患者术前行常规脑电图和头颅磁共振检查,手术均在皮层脑电图监测下进行,术中根据皮层脑电图监测结果,8例加行残留致痫灶切除,12例加行皮层热灼术.术后规律服用抗癫痫药物,至少1年.结果 Simpson Ⅰ级切除26例,Simpson Ⅱ级切除6例.术后随访1年以上,疗效满意,30例无癫痫发作,2例偶有癫痫发作.结论 皮层脑电图监测下切除肿瘤及周围致痫灶,必要时行皮层热灼术可提高本病的手术疗效.     

影响低度恶性胶质瘤合并癫痫的外科治疗结果的因素分析

【目的】探讨经手术治疗后有癫痫症状的低度恶性胶质瘤患者癫痫预后的影响因素。【方法】回顾性分析本院从1998～2002年经单纯病灶切除和癫痫外科治疗有完整资料的37例低度恶性胶质瘤合并癫痫的患者资料,分析年龄．病程,发作频次．肿瘤级别．切除程度,治疗方式等对癫痫预后的影响。【结果】30例患者术后癫痫消失。发作频次的多少及肿瘤切除程度对癫痫的预后有明显影响,肿瘤的大小对癫痫预后也有一定的影响。单纯病灶切除时肿瘤全切后癫痫全部消失,而部分切除癫痫缓解率为40％,行癫痫外科治疗的患者全切与部分切除其癫痫缓解率无明显差异。【结论】影响低度恶性胶质瘤术后癫痫发作的因素是术前发作的频次及术中肿瘤切除的程度。肿瘤的大小也有一定的影响。对于不能全切的患者,应尽量行癫痫灶切除。     

构建毛果芸香碱急性致痫小鼠模型

目的：建立毛果芸香碱诱导的小鼠急性癫痫模型，并探讨其特点。方法：实验于2001—10／2002—10在上海复旦大学华山医院神经病学实验室完成。取健康雄性C57BL／6小鼠199只，随机分为生理盐水组（n=66）和致痫组（n=133）。所有小鼠皮下注射硝酸东莨菪碱1mg／kg。30min后致痫组腹腔注射毛果芸香碱350mg／kg（10k/L），生理盐水组腹腔注射生理盐水35μL／g。注射后连续6h观察小鼠是否有痫性发作并分级（0级，无抽搐；Ⅰ级，耳、面部抽搐；Ⅱ级，肌阵挛，但无直立位；Ⅲ级，肌阵挛，伴直立位；Ⅳ级，全身强直阵挛发作；Ⅴ级，强直阵挛发作，并失去体位控制），当小鼠持续痫性发作达1h时给予地西泮4mg／kg腹腔注射，如不能缓解痫性发作，可重复给予地西泮一两次，直到痫性发作被解除。对照组6只和致痫组30只同时描记脑电图。结果：199只小鼠全部进入结果分析。①痫性发作情况：生理盐水组小鼠均无痫性发作；致痫组全部出现痫性发作，其中Ⅰ级15只，Ⅱ级7只，Ⅲ级9只，Ⅳ级21只，V级81只，呈Ⅲ～Ⅴ级持续发作（即癫痫持续状态）97只，死亡31只。癫痫持续状态模型成功率为50％。②脑电图结果：Ⅱ级以上发作的小鼠均可见到爆发性高波幅慢波、棘波或棘慢波。结论：毛果芸香碱致痫小鼠急性模型同相应的大鼠模型一样，具有制作简便、痫性发作潜伏期短、致痫率高等特点，其所产生的慢性癫痫模型具有与人类颞叶癫痫相似的行为、脑电与神经病理改变。     

脑肿瘤致难治性癫痫的影像特点分析

目的:分析脑肿瘤相关性难治性癫痫患者的临床、病理及MRI影像特征。方法:回顾经手术及病理证实的30例表现为难治性癫痫的脑肿瘤病例,分析其临床、病理及影像特点。结果:病理检查显示最主要的肿瘤类型为混合性神经元胶质肿瘤22例,包括胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤、节细胞胶质瘤、不典型混合神经元胶质肿瘤。另外还有多形性黄色瘤型星形细胞瘤2例,少突-胶质混合性肿瘤4例,血管中心性胶质瘤2例。这些患者均表现为反复发作的药物难治性癫痫,经正规抗癫痫药物治疗无明显好转。MRI显示为不同程度的占位病变,多以颞叶皮质为主,WHO多为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,T_1WI表现为低信号,T_2WI表现为高信号,增强后无明显强化或轻度强化。手术切除包括肿瘤在内的癫痫灶后预后良好。结论:与难治性癫痫密切相关的脑肿瘤是一组特殊的病理类型,其影像学具有一定特点,结合临床早期诊断并采取手术治疗有助于提高疗效。     

颅内胶质瘤继发癫痫患者的脑电图临床分析

目的探讨颅内胶质瘤继发癫痫患者脑电图(EEG)临床特征。方法对2010年4月—2014年6月我院收治的以继发癫痫发作为首发症状的51例胶质瘤的临床资料及24 h动态脑电图(24 h EEG)检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果本组头颅CT和(或)MRI检查示病灶位于额叶12例;颞叶26例,其中位于颞叶新皮层10例,前内侧颞叶7例,后内侧颞叶及颞-枕交界区5例,颞叶内外侧4例;顶叶9例;枕叶4例。24 h EEG检查正常13例,异常38例,其中轻度异常23例,中度异常11例,重度异常4例。术后病理检查示星形细胞瘤19例(Ⅱ级),少突-星形细胞瘤14例(Ⅱ级),神经节胶质细胞瘤9例(Ⅰ级),少突-胶质细胞瘤7例(Ⅱ级),室管膜瘤2例(Ⅱ级)。本组术后平均随访7.4个月。33例术后无明显癫痫发作,18例术后仍有癫痫发作。结论 EEG改变及影像学检查可帮助颅内胶质瘤的诊断与定位,手术是治疗颅内胶质瘤继发癫痫的重要措施。     

颅脑术后继发癫痫患者实施致痫灶切除术的护理

目的探讨颅脑术后继发癫痫患者实施致痫灶切除术的护理措施。方法 2005年1月至2006年5月,解放军空军航空医学研究所附属医院对25例颅脑术后继发性癫痫患者采用二次开颅手术切除致痫灶治疗并实施有效护理。结果 25例患者手术后恢复均顺利,无死亡。术后随访6~7年,25例患者中发作控制EngleⅠ级18例、Ⅱ级5例、Ⅲ级2例;18例(72%)无发作,其中9例已停药。结论二次开颅手术治疗颅脑术后继发癫痫疗效满意,科学的护理是手术成功的保证。     

42例缺血性卒中后癫痫发作危险因素探讨

目的：研究缺血性卒中患者继发早期癫痫发作和晚期癫痫发作的发病率、发作类型及缺血性卒中继发癫痫发作的临床危险因素。方法：分析山西省人民医院近3年来首发缺血性卒中的408例患者的年龄、性别、入院时意识、糖尿病、高血压、心源性疾病和卒中部位等的临床特征,随访6~12个月,其中缺血性卒中后继发癫痫发作患者42例,未继发癫痫发作患者366例。缺血性卒中后癫痫发作的患者依据癫痫发作的发生时间分为早期癫痫发作组（18例）和晚期癫痫发作组（24例）。分析缺血性卒中后早期癫痫发作和晚期癫痫发作的发病率、发作类型以及缺血性卒中后发生继发癫痫发作的临床危险因素。结果：缺血性卒中后癫痫发作的发病率为10.3%（42/408）,其中早期癫痫发作的发病率为4.4%（18/408）;晚期癫痫发作的发病率为5.9%（24/408）。早期癫痫发作的50.0%（9/18）为全面性强直-阵挛发作,晚期癫痫发作的58.3%（14/24）为单纯部分性发作。缺血性卒中后癫痫发作组与非癫痫发作组的临床特征经统计学比较,两组间心源性脑栓塞病例的发生率和累及皮质梗死的发生率比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：缺血性卒中后早期癫痫发作以全面性发作为主,晚期癫痫发作以单纯部分性发作为主;心源性脑栓塞和累及皮质梗死是缺血性卒中后癫痫发生的危险因素。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.