诊室血压正常的代谢综合征患者血压波动状况及其对心脑血管事件发生的影响

目的 观察诊室血压正常的代谢综合征(MS)患者的血压波动情况,分析MS发生的影响因素及其对心脑血管事件的影响。方法 选择2015-02～2017-09在该院心内科住院的可疑冠心病患者125例,根据MS的发生情况将其分为非MS组(n=60)和MS组(n=65),比较两组一般临床指标及动态血压参数的差异,分析MS发生的影响因素及其对主要心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生的影响。结果 MS组腰围、体质量指数(BMI)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平高于非MS组,合并糖尿病、隐蔽性高血压(MH)人数比例大于非MS组,但HDL-C水平低于非MS组(P 0. 05)。MS组24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、白天平均收缩压(d SBP)、夜间平均收缩压(n SBP)、白天收缩压平台、夜间收缩压平台及清晨收缩压上升速度、24 h平均动脉压(24hMAP)、白天平均动脉压(d MAP)及夜间平均动脉压平台均显著高于非MS组(P 0. 05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,较大的腰围、更高水平的BMI及清晨收缩压上升速度是促进MS发生的危险性因素,而较高水平的HDL-C是抑制MS发生的保护性因素(P 0. 05)。以发生MACCE为结局进行生存分析,结果显示MS组发生MACCE的风险显著高于非MS组(P 0. 05)。结论 MS的发生会升高收缩压水平和加剧清晨血压波动,并可能会进一步增加MACCE发生的风险。     

隐蔽性高血压清晨血压波动与心脑血管事件的关系

目的探讨隐蔽性高血压(MH)与清晨血压波动及心脑血管事件的关系。方法入选2016年2月至2017年7月烟台市莱阳中心医院心内科住院及门诊诊室血压140/90 mm Hg的非高血压受试者320例,年龄40～79岁,由同一研究小组完成24 h动态血压监测,根据24 h平均收缩压≥130和(或)24 h平均舒张压≥80 mm Hg与否分为正常血压组(n=194)和MH组(n=126),分析两组动态血压参数的差异,随访并比较两组患者主要心脑血管事件(MACCE)的发生情况,随访终止时间为2018年6月,随访终点事件为新发心肌梗死、脑卒中或心源性死亡。结果 MH组体质量指数、吸烟及糖尿病比例、空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平高于正常血压组(均P0.05)。MH组24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、白天平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、白天收缩压平台、夜间收缩压平台、清晨收缩压上升速度[(14.9±9.3)比(11.2±9.2) mm Hg/h]高于正常血压组(均P0.01),MH组平均动脉压(MAP)、舒张压各参数水平也高于正常血压组(均P0.05)。MH组MACCE发生率高于正常血压组(7.14%比2.06%,P0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示:MH患者发生MACCE风险明显增加(P=0.009),糖尿病患者MACCE发生风险高于非糖尿病患者(P=0.025)。多变量Cox回归分析显示:MH组清晨收缩压上升速度(HR=1.589,95%CI 1.161～2.175,P=0.004)、白天收缩压平台水平(HR=1.155,95%CI 1.005～1.327,P=0.042)是MACCE发生的危险因素。结论 MH患者白天收缩压平台水平升高和清晨收缩压上升速度加快可能是MACCE的危险因素。     

高血压患者合并代谢综合症的血压变异性研究

目的探讨合并代谢综合征(MS)对高血压患者血压变异性(BPV)和血压晨峰的影响。方法入选住院的高血压患者183例,根据是否合并MS,分为单纯高血压组97例与高血压伴MS组86例,进行24h动态血压,分析两组的BPV和血压晨峰指标。结果合并MS的高血压患者24h平均收缩压(24h SBP)、日间平均收缩压(d SBP)、夜间平均收缩压(n SBP)、24h收缩压标准差(24h SBPSD)、日间收缩压标准差(d SBPSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(n SBPSD)、血压晨峰明显高于单纯高血压患者。结论代谢综合征可增加原发性高血压患者收缩压BPV以及血压晨峰。     

高血压患者动态脉压、动态脉压指数与心房颤动发生的相关性

目的探讨高血压患者24h动态脉压(24-hour ambulatory pulse pressure,24hPP)、动态脉压指数(24-hour ambulatory pulse pressure index,24hPPI)与心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)发生的相关性。方法回顾性分析220例高血压患者临床资料,根据AF发生情况分为高血压合并AF组(n=106)和高血压无AF组(n=114)。比较两组一般资料及心脏重构情况、动态血压情况(24hPP、24hPPI),使用Spearman相关性分析动态血压情况与AF发生的相关性。结果 (1)高血压合并AF组较高血压无AF组24h动态收缩压(24hSBP)、24hPP、24hPPI、左心房前后径(LAD)水平高(P 0. 05),左心室射血分数(LVEF)低(P 0. 05);两组24h动态舒张压(24hDBP)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);(2) 24hPP 60mmHg组24hSBP、24hPPI、AF发生率均低于24hPP≥60mmHg组(P 0. 05),两组24hDBP比较差异无统计学意义(P0. 05); 24hPPI 0. 5组24hSBP、24hPPI、AF发生率均低于24hPPI≥0. 5组(P 0. 05),24hDBP高于24hPPI≥0. 5组(P0. 05);(3) Spearman相关性分析显示:24hPP、24hPPI均与AF发生率呈正相关关系(P 0. 05)。结论高血压患者24hPP、24hPPI与AF发生率呈正相关关系,临床诊治时对高24hPP、24hPPI患者应密切关注其AF发生风险。     

代谢综合征各组分与原发性高血压患者血压晨峰发生的相关性

目的:探讨代谢综合征(MS)各组分与原发性高血压（EH）患者血压晨峰（MBPS）发生的相关性。方法: 回顾性分析了在山东省章丘市农村入选的EH患者322例,根据患者是否并发有MS将患者分为并发MS组（n=126）和单纯EH组（n=196）,所有患者监测24h动态血压,比较两组患者血压晨峰发生情况。结果: 并发MS组患者24hSBP、白天(d)SBP、夜间(n)SBP、24 h脉压(PP)、dPP、nPP、MBPS值均显著高于单纯EH组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。并发MS组患者MBPS发生率为60.3%显著高于单纯EH组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。Pearson相关分析显示,MBPS与年龄、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、SBP、PP、体质量指数及腰围呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.38,0.44,0.48,0.26,0.35,0.38,0.34,0.21和0.43,P<0.05或P<0.01。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,TC、年龄、FPG、SBP及腰围是影响EH并发MS患者出现MBPS的主要危险因素（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论: MS与MBPS的发生密切相关,其组分FPG、SBP及腰围是影响MBPS发生的主要危险因素。     

老年原发性高血压不同心血管危险分层病人维生素D与血压变异性的相关性

目的探讨老年原发性高血压不同心血管危险分层病人血清维生素D水平的差异及与血压变异性(BPV)的相关性。方法选取我院符合纳入标准的老年原发性高血压病人90例,按照原发性高血压心血管危险分层标准分为中危组25例,高危组27组,很高危组38例。选取同期健康体检者30例作为对照组。所有受试者均测定血清25羟维生素D3[25(OH) D3]水平及动态血压,以变异系数(CV)表示BPV,观察25(OH) D3水平与老年高血压心血管危险分层及BPV的相关性。结果老年高血压病人中危组、高危组、很高危组的血清25(OH)D3水平均低于健康对照组(P均0. 05),且很高危组、高危组、中危组的血清25(OH) D3水平依次降低,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。中危组、高危组、很高危组的24 h收缩压(24hSBP)、24hSBP变异系数(24hSBP-CV)、24 h舒张压变异系数(24hDBP-CV)、日间收缩压变异系数(d SBP-CV)、日间舒张压变异系数(d DBPCV)、夜间收缩压变异系数(n SBP-CV)、夜间舒张压变异系数(n DBP-CV)较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0. 05),中危组、高危组、很高危组上述指标依次升高,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。血清25(OH)D3与24hSBP、24hSBP-CV、24hDBP-CV均呈负相关(r=-0. 312,-0. 381,-0. 421,P0. 05)。结论维生素D水平与老年原发性高血压的发病及其心血管危险分层相关,且与BPV呈负相关,维生素D可作为老年高血压病情的一个较可靠的预测因子。     

血浆vWF水平与高血压合并冠心病患者血压节律变化的研究

目的探讨血浆vWF水平与高血压合并冠心病患者的血压昼夜节律变化的关系。方法入选2014年11月-2015年12月本院160例高血压合并冠心病的患者,对患者行24小时动态血压监测,依据夜间收缩压较白昼收缩压下降百分率分为杓型组(n=23)、非杓型组(n=70)和反杓组(n=67)组。应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测患者血浆vWF水平。结果各组一般临床资料比较三组的年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、血脂、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、肌酐、诊室收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。非杓型组、反杓型组的nSBP较杓型组明显升高(P0.05),反杓型组nSBP较非杓型组明显升高(P0.05)。血浆vWF水平非杓型组明显高于杓型组(984.74±219.27,717.32±241.09 P0.05),比较差异有统计学意义,反杓型组与杓型组比较有差异(1019.99±256.64,717.32±241.09 P0.05)。结论血浆vWF水平高血压合并冠心病的患者与血压节律相关。     

老年高血压患者清晨收缩压与空腹血糖的相关性

目的观察老年高血压患者清晨血压与血糖水平的关系。方法连续纳入2014年1月至2015年10月在内科门诊就诊的高血压患者320例,行24h动态血压监测(24hABPM)。本研究所有计算采用收缩压进行。清晨收缩压峰值为清晨收缩压-最低收缩压。根据《中国高血压防治指南2010》的标准,本研究将清晨收缩压峰值≥35mm Hg者归为血压晨峰组(MBPS组,n=140),35mm Hg者为非MBPS组(n=180),比较和分析两组患者的血糖水平差异,探讨清晨收缩压的影响因素。结果 MBPS组空腹血糖、诊室收缩压水平和非杓型患者比例大于非MBPS组(均P0.05)。清晨收缩压峰值与年龄(r=0.33,P=0.01)、空腹血糖(r=0.32,P0.01)和24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)(r=0.46,P=0.03)相关。在Logsitic多元线性回归分析中,年龄(β=0.12,P=0.02)、空腹血糖(β=0.15,P0.01)和24hSBP(β=0.14,P=0.03)是清晨收缩压峰值的影响因素。校正了性别、BMI等已知变量后,年龄(β=0.16,P=0.01)、空腹血糖(β=0.17,P0.01)和24hSBP(β=0.17,P=0.04)与清晨收缩压峰值独立相关。排除糖尿病后,清晨收缩压峰值与空腹血糖(r=0.29,P=0.01)相关;校正了年龄、性别、BMI和24hSBP后,相关性仍然有统计学意义(β=0.24,P0.01)。结论除较大年龄和较高24hSBP外,较高的空腹血糖与清晨收缩压峰值升高相关。     

代谢综合征合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者的临床特点和危险因素

目的研究代谢综合征（MS）合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者的临床特点并分析相关危险因素。方法 2009年8月至2010年5月在上海市徐汇区田林街道社区卫生服务中心就诊的MS患者,分为代谢综合征组（MS组）和代谢综合征合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病组（MN组）,检测身高、体重、腰围、血压、血液生化。结果 MN组合并肥胖、高脂血症的概率高于MS组（P〈0.01）,而合并糖尿病则MS组高于MN组（P〈0.05）。MN与MS组相比,体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、舒张压、2hPG、TG明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。而两组间身高、收缩压、FPG、HDL-C、ALT、VLDL差异无统计学意义。与MS合并NAFLD的相关的危险因素为BMI、TG、腰围。结论 MS合并NAFLD时代谢异常程度更明显,BMI、TG、腰围为MS合并NAFLD的危险因素。     

睡眠障碍与高血压患者血压变异性及冠心病的相关性分析

目的探讨睡眠障碍对高血压患者血压变异性及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的影响。方法入选2015年7月至2018年6月于烟台市莱阳中心医院心内科住院高血压受试者242例,年龄36~72岁,由同一研究小组完成24 h动态血压监测,依据匹茨堡睡眠指数(PSQI)量表对受试者睡眠状况进行评估分组,PSQI≤7分为睡眠良好组(n=155),PSQI>7分为睡眠障碍组(n=87),分析两组动态血压参数的差异,并评价血压波动状况与冠心病的关系。结果睡眠障碍组体质量指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、冠心病比例高于睡眠良好组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。睡眠障碍组异常血压节律比例高于睡眠良好组(72.4%vs.52.3%,χ^2=9.395,P=0.002)。睡眠障碍组24 h平均收缩压(24 hSBP)、白天平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、白天收缩压平台、夜间收缩压平台、清晨收缩压上升速度水平[(15.0±8.8)vs.(11.1±9.2)mmHg/h]高于睡眠良好组(P均<0.01),而夜间舒张压下降速度慢于睡眠良好组(P<0.05)。单因素相关分析显示:24 hSBP、白天收缩压平台、夜间收缩压平台和清晨收缩压上升速度与PSQI评分密切相关(r=0.481,0.370,0.390,0.208,P均<0.05)。睡眠障碍冠心病的患病率要高于睡眠良好组(57.5%vs.31.6%,P<0.001),在校正相关因素后,Logistic回归分析显示:吸烟(OR=6.023,95%CI:3.108~11.672,P<0.001)、睡眠障碍(OR=2.970,95%CI:1.618~5.452,P<0.001)、清晨收缩压上升速度(OR=1.048,95%CI:1.015~1.083,P=0.004)是冠心病的独立危险因素。结论睡眠障碍会升高高血压患者血压水平,加剧清晨血压波动及减慢夜间血压下降速度,睡眠障碍和清晨收缩压上升速度加快可能是冠心病发生的危险因素。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.