反取皮回植联合VSD治疗上肢撕脱伤

目的：探讨应用鼓式取皮机修薄撕脱皮肤（反取皮）回植创面联合负压封闭引流技术（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）治疗上肢撕脱伤的疗效。方法对2008年5月-2011年10月收治的上肢大块皮肤撕脱伤29例,常规修薄成中厚皮片回植17例;采用反取全厚皮片原位回植,再用VSD敷料覆盖封闭,50~60 kPa负压持续吸引12例。结果 VSD组9例患者全部成活,创面治愈;3例部分皮肤失活,经皮片植皮后愈合。结论应用鼓式取皮机反取法切成全厚皮片联合VSD技术能充分引流创面渗出物,促进肉芽生长,提高回植皮片成活率,治疗肢体皮肤撕脱伤疗效满意。     

四肢皮肤脱套伤原位回植相关临床分析

目的 探讨四肢脱套皮肤打薄后的全厚皮片回植或制成保留真皮下血管网的皮片回植的临床效果.方法 采用脱套皮肤回植联合负压封闭引流装置治疗四肢皮肤脱套伤患者30例,均为四肢皮肤大面积严重脱套伤,且部分合并骨、肌腱、重要血管及神经损伤.彻底清创,修复深部损伤结构,合并骨折者一期行骨折复位内固定,将脱套皮肤修剪成全厚皮片或制成保留真皮下血管网的皮片回植后以VSD覆盖,6～8d后去除VSD装置.术后对皮肤存活情况及愈合质量进行随访评估. 结果 25例回植皮肤全部存活;4例前臂及手掌部回植的脱套皮肤局部出现斑片状坏死,二期植皮或皮瓣修复后成活;1例双下肢全脱套伤腘窝处形成窦道,二期扩创局部皮瓣转移修复后治愈.术后随访1 ～ 12个月,皮肤色泽及质地良好,瘢痕小,皮肤浅感觉及弹性接近正常,患肢功能良好. 结论 脱套皮肤打薄后的全厚皮片回植或制成保留真皮下血管网的皮片回植联合负压封闭引流装置治疗可提高四肢皮肤脱套伤的手术成功率,缩短患者住院时间,疗效满意.     

原位超薄皮瓣及皮片回植结合VSD治疗手背皮肤逆行撕脱伤

目的探讨原位带蒂超薄皮瓣(真皮下血管网皮瓣)及皮片回植结合封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)修复手背部皮肤逆行撕脱伤的临床效果。方法 2011年3月至2013年8月,我们采用逆行撕脱皮肤修薄后成带蒂超薄皮瓣及皮片联合体原位回植,结合VSD技术一期修复手背部皮肤逆行撕脱伤27例。男17例,女10例;年龄17~50岁。创面范围2 cm×4 cm~7 cm×12 cm。结果本组23例撕脱皮肤全部一期成活,4例撕脱皮肤远端皮缘部分坏死,经换药后3例创面愈合,1例点状植皮愈合。术后27例均获随访,随访时间6~16个月,外形、质地良好,感觉恢复理想。据潘达德等手指功能疗效评定标准评定,优22例,良3例,可2例,优良率92.6%。结论采用原位超薄皮瓣及皮片回植结合负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)技术,有效I期闭合创面,充分引流,提高回植皮瓣联合体成活率,操作简单、安全,是治疗皮肤撕脱伤理想手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

负压封闭引流与常规敷料加压包扎治疗大面积皮肤撕脱伤的疗效对比研究

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术治疗大面积皮肤撕脱伤的临床疗效。方法对本院2007年3月—2010年8月采用原位全厚皮片回植方法治疗的62例大面积皮肤撕脱伤病例进行回顾性研究,其中多聚乙烯醇明胶海绵覆盖回植皮片、持续负压封闭吸引（负压引流组）35例,传统敷料加压包扎覆盖回植皮片（敷料加压组）27例。观察两组术后皮片成活情况、创面感染率和创面愈合效果,记录平均住院时间。结果负压引流组中有31例回植全厚皮片全部成活,皮片成活率88.6%,余4例皮片存活面积〉95%,;2例遗留创面感染,感染率5.7%;平均住院时间（12.3±5.4）d。敷料加压组全部成活18例,皮片成活率66.7%,余9例皮片成活面积〉75%;6例遗留创面感染,感染率22.2%;平均住院时间（19.7±8.3）d。对两组皮片成活率、创面感染率和平均住院时间进行比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组经换药或二次手术植皮后,撕脱创面均愈合。结论与常规敷料加压包扎技术比较,封闭负压引流技术可提高大面积皮肤撕脱伤创面植皮的成活率,降低感染率,缩短住院天数,是治疗大面积皮肤撕脱伤较为理想的方法。     

反鼓取皮在大面积皮肤撕脱伤中应用(附39例报告)

目的探讨充分利用大面积皮肤软组织撕脱反鼓取皮筛状移植治疗技术提高皮片成活率、降低二期植皮手术率的体会。方法对39例大面积皮肤撕脱伤患者将撕脱挫伤游离的皮肤软组织应用鼓式取皮机,反鼓加工制成大张中厚自体皮,回植撕脱伤创面。结果本组39例患者中36例一期愈合。2例出现少量点状皮肤坏死,换药两周后愈合,。1例少量补充植皮愈合。随访效果2~4个月,其中外形满意37例,外形尚可2例。功能正常36例,功能基本正常3例。瘢痕增生轻度37例,中度2例,外观无明显的瘢痕形成。结论大面积皮肤软组织撕脱反鼓取皮筛状移植,可提高皮片成活率,有效一期封闭创面,降低二期植皮手术率。促进外形及功能良好恢复。     

负压创面治疗技术在撕脱伤创面皮片移植中的应用

目的探讨应用封闭负压引流辅助皮片移植治疗撕脱伤创面的效果。方法对18例撕脱伤所致皮肤软组织缺损患者术后常规换药或采用封闭负压引流技术治疗,待创面形成新鲜肉芽组织后行植皮术。术中将所取断层皮片打孔后移植于创面,予以网眼纱布覆盖,采用封闭负压引流技术代替传统的敷料包扎,1周后移除封闭负压引流敷料,查看皮片的成活情况。结果所有患者经1次清创手术和1~3次植皮手术。术后皮片绝大部分成活,有5例患者出现移植皮片边缘部分坏死,经换药后愈合。结论对较大面积撕脱伤创面应用封闭负压引流治疗辅助皮片移植能取得很好的效果。但皮片打孔对成活后的外观有一定影响。     

皮肤回植结合负压辅助闭合技术治疗儿童皮肤脱套伤42例临床分析

目的探讨皮肤回植结合负压辅助闭合技术(VAC)治疗儿童皮肤脱套伤的临床效果。方法 2013年8月至2017年8月,共收治42例大面积皮肤脱套伤患儿,其中四肢32例,躯干部8例,头皮2例,清创后削薄皮肤并原位回植,VAC装置覆盖创面,持续负压封闭引流,7 d后拆除VAC材料,观察皮片成活情况。结果 42例中,回植皮片全部存活29例(69.05%);皮片成活面积大于75%的7例(16.67%),多呈局灶性散在皮片坏死,换药后创面全部愈合;成活面积大于50%且小于75%的6例(14.29%),换药后Ⅱ期植皮创面愈合。结论皮肤回植结合VAC治疗是治疗儿童皮肤脱套伤的有效方法,回植皮肤成活率高,再次手术率低。     

中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合封闭式负压引流技术修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤

目的总结中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤的疗效。方法2008年1月-2009年2月,采用中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合VSD修复12例四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤。男9例,女3例;年龄17～65岁。交通伤7例,机器轧伤3例,其他伤2例。损伤部位:上肢2例,小腿8例,足踝及足背2例。创面范围为9cm×7cm～38cm×24cm。受伤至入院时间3～11h,平均5h。结果10例经5～7dVSD治疗后,95%以上撕脱皮肤成活;2例创面缩小50%及60%,直接拉拢缝合后于大腿外侧取中厚皮片修复残余创面,同时联合VSD治疗5～7d后移植皮片成活。患者术后均获随访,随访时间6～12个月。创面无明显瘢痕增生,关节功能恢复满意。结论中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合VSD修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤具有早期封闭创面、减轻水肿、降低感染几率、促进撕脱皮肤成活等优点。     

大面积皮肤撕脱伤32例治疗分析

目的：观察大面积皮肤撕脱伤的治疗效果.方法：32例大面积撕脱伤患者,在早期抗休克、治疗脏器合并伤基础上,撕脱面积较小、创基血运好者直接原位缝合;挫伤严重、已游离的大面积撕脱皮肤组织切取后,反取成大张中厚皮片,原位缝合于创面.骨质裸露的创面,以腓肠肌肌瓣、趾长屈肌肌瓣、胫前肌肌瓣等转移覆盖骨,再植以反取的大张中厚皮片.术后第2天开始行高压氧治疗,疗程1周.结果：32例患者中12例植皮一次成活;17例移植皮片部分坏死,肉芽创面经换药后愈合;3例因回植皮片挫伤严重而片状坏死,后期肉芽创面植皮后愈合.对17例瘢痕增生及粘连较重者行肢体功能锻炼,并随访2年,功能基本恢复正常.结论：大面积皮肤撕脱伤伤情严重,需首先处理危及生命的颅脑损伤和休克,同时彻底清创,封闭创面,裸露的骨面用邻位健康的肌瓣覆盖后再植以大张游离皮片,治疗效果满意.     

VSD技术结合头皮游离植皮治疗儿童下肢大面积皮肤缺损18例疗效性分析

目的：探讨持续使用负压封闭引流（vacuumsealingdrainage,VSD）装置结合头皮游离植皮治疗儿童下肢大面积皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法：对18例下肢大面积皮肤缺损的患儿,清创后应用负压封闭引流装置,术后1周更换1次并清除创面坏死组织,待创面坏死组织彻底清除,肉芽新鲜时,于头部切取刃厚皮片或中厚皮片,大块或邮票状植于创面,继续应用负压封闭引流装置,1周～10天去除VSD敷料。结果：15例患者植皮完全成活。3例患者去除VSD敷料后,边缘少许坏死,积极换药后愈合,皮片功能均恢复正常。结论：持续应用VSD,使创面引流更加彻底,利于控制感染,促进肉芽生长,术后护理方便;头部取皮植皮,供区隐蔽,可反复切取,结合VSD的应用,植皮的成活率高,是一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.