内镜下钕铁硼磁环预标记结直肠肿瘤辅助腹腔镜定位的应用价值(含视频)

目的探讨内镜下钕铁硼磁环预标记结直肠肿瘤病灶辅助腹腔镜定位的临床应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入2020年1月—2021年10月在贵州省人民医院胃肠外科拟行腹腔镜根治术的结直肠肿瘤患者51例。术前1 d在内镜下给予结直肠肿瘤病灶钕铁硼磁环预标记。腹腔镜根治术中将另外1枚钕铁硼磁环经腹腔镜套管送入腹腔, 与之前的磁环隔着肠壁相互吸引聚合在一起, 从而实现对病灶的定位。记录患者基本资料、术前内镜下预标记情况和腹腔镜手术情况。结果 51例患者均经内镜将钕铁硼磁环顺利置于结直肠肿瘤病灶处并成功固定, 其中按病变部位分为横结肠15例、降结肠12例、乙状结肠19例、直肠上段5例;按病变性质分为结肠癌21例、息肉癌变25例、侧向发育型肿瘤部分癌变5例。51例患者中有内镜黏膜切除术切缘阳性5例, 内镜黏膜下剥离术切缘阳性1例。所有病变于术中精准定位。术前标记用时(4.1±1.2)min(3～6 min), 术中定位用时(1.5±1.1)min(0.9～5.3 min), 标记及定位磁环均经腹腔镜取出体外。肿瘤病灶距近端、远端肠段切缘平均距离分别为5.5 cm、6.3 cm。无结肠黏膜损伤、出血、肠穿孔、局部炎...     

基于磁示踪技术标记定位结直肠肿瘤 实验研究

目的 设计基于磁示踪技术、用于结直肠肿瘤标记定位的磁体,通过动物实验验证其可行性和安全性。方法 用于结直肠肿瘤标记定位的磁体包括示踪磁体和寻踪磁体两部分,均为圆环状钕铁硼磁体。以8只健康Beagle犬为动物模型,结肠镜下在结直肠不同部位假定肿瘤位置,利用内镜下软组织夹将示踪磁体送至假定的肿瘤附近,并钳夹固定于肿瘤附近的肠壁。24 h后行腹腔镜手术,经主操作孔置入寻踪磁体于待切除的结直肠附近,寻踪磁体与示踪磁体相吸,从而完成腹腔镜下手术时对肿瘤位置的定位和识别。结果 成功设计并加工了示踪磁体与寻踪磁体,均采用N45烧结钕铁硼加工而成,表面镍镀层,示踪磁体与寻踪磁体在零距离时的吸力为16 N。8只Beagle犬均顺利接受结肠镜下示踪磁体的留置,24 h后均未出现示踪磁体脱落、移位等。腹腔镜下置入寻踪磁体后,两个磁体迅速精准相吸,顺利完成对肿瘤所在部位的定位,术中未出现任何副损伤。结论 基于磁示踪技术的结肠镜联合腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤定位操作简单、定位准确、安全可行。     

术前内镜下自体血标记定位应用于腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术的临床效果分析

为评价内镜下自体血标记定位在腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤术前应用的临床价值,回顾分析2019年1月—2021年1月在同济大学附属东方医院行结肠镜下自体血定位并随后行腹腔镜手术的结直肠肿瘤患者资料30例。腹腔镜手术中根据结肠浆膜面局部红色标记判断病灶所在位置。术中探查评估染色清晰度,观察有无注射自体血泄漏情况。所有患者在结肠镜下顺利完成自体血定位,无出血、穿孔和发热等并发症。腹腔镜探查可见清晰的自体血染色部位,未见染色弥散、泄漏污染术野情况。术后病理证实标本切缘阴性。说明经结肠镜下注射自体血是一种理想的腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术前病灶定位方法,安全有效,值得临床推广。     

内镜黏膜下染色联合金属夹标记定位用于切除结肠病变ESD术后残留病灶37例

[目的]探讨外科迫切结肠病变ESD术后残留病灶的内镜定位手段。[方法]选择结肠病变ESI）术后追加手术患者37例。术前2h内镜黏膜下注射靛胭脂染色联合金属夹标记定位,术中结合腹部平片。[结果]内镜定位操作顺利。未见消化道出血、穿孔等并发症;手术追切病灶与术前内镜定位相符。准确率达loo％。[结论]术前2h内镜黏膜下注射靛胭脂染色联合金属夹标记定位准确、安全性高,为ILSD术后结肠残留病灶的外科迫切定位疗法提供了很好的选择。     

内镜纳米炭标记对直肠癌新辅助放化疗疗效判断及手术的价值

目的 探讨局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗前行内镜注射纳米炭标记对疗效判断及后续治疗的临床价值。 方法 前瞻性纳入2015年7月至2015年12月在福州总医院治疗的局部进展期直肠癌患者18例,其中男11例、女7例,年龄35～68岁,平均（45.8±12.5）岁。患者在新辅助放化疗前均接受内镜下标记,黏膜下注射生理盐水后,于肿瘤病灶肛侧距肿瘤边缘1 cm处前、后、左、右4个象限正常肠壁黏膜下层多点注射纳米炭混悬液（5 mg／处）进行标记;标记后经新辅助放化疗+休息时间共5～11周,平均（8±2）周后,再行外科手术。观察内镜纳米炭标记在判断患者新辅助放化疗前后肿瘤大小、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离、术中情况及手术保肛率等变化的效果。 结果 内镜纳米炭标记操作时间5～15 min,平均（10.0±3.5）min,未见不良反应,未发生出血、穿孔等并发症。新辅助放化疗后肿瘤全部缩小,其中完全消失7例,占38.9％;病理完全缓解6例,占33.3％;肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离为4.5～10.0 cm,平均（6.4±1.8） cm。术中肠管外可见100％病灶黑染,位置清晰,部分区域淋巴结黑染;行保肛手术8例,手术保肛率44.4％。 结论 局部进展期直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗前行内镜注射纳米炭标记既可更好地判断新辅助放化疗的疗效,又有助于手术精准定位,示踪淋巴结,且染色效果持久,有利于后续外科手术或随访观察。     

纤维结肠镜在腹腔镜辅助下结直肠手术中的定位作用

目的 探讨纤维结肠镜在腹腔镜辅助下结直肠手术中的应用价值。方法 我们自1999年11月以来共行腹腔镜辅助下结直肠手术78例，15例腹腔镜结直肠手术应用纤维结肠镜辅助定位完成。结果 4例乙状结肠息肉行单纯息肉切除术；5例乙状结肠息肉恶性变行乙状结肠切除术；2例乙状结肠癌合并息肉行乙状结肠癌根治术(切除范围包括息肉在内的肠管)；4例直肠上段息肉恶变行直肠癌根治术(TME)。术中出血量10～50ml，手术时间2～3．5h，术后24～48h开始进食。术后2～3天拔除尿管下床活动，术后3～5天正常排便术后住院天数(不包括术后化疗时间)7～10天。15例病人术后随访5～46个月。未发现复发及转移。结论 术中采用纤维结肠镜定位操作安全、准确，在掌握好适应症的情况下，对于结直肠小病灶的手术能降低因定位不准确而导致的手术失败，提高此类腹腔镜结直肠手术的成功率。     

腹腔镜和内镜双镜联合技术在胃肠道病变中的应用现状

胃肠道病变大多发源于消化道管腔黏膜位置,治疗方式主要包括内镜下切除、腹腔镜微创治疗、开腹手术切除,以及目前仍属探索性的经自然腔道内镜外科手术( NOTES).部分胃肠道病变的检查与治疗在内镜下可同步完成,对胃肠道息肉、黏膜下肿物、血管畸形等胃肠道病变内镜下已做到检查与治疗并重,内镜可作为临床首选治疗方式.但病变体积较大、基底宽广或位置特殊时,内镜下切除较困难,引起胃肠道穿孔出血风险增加,以及病灶切除不完全致术后复发率升高[1].对此种胃肠道病变,以往多需行开腹胃肠道部分切除,手术创伤较大.腹腔镜目前已广泛用于胃肠道病变的微创治疗,文献报道其手术效果已可媲美开腹手术[2].但腹腔镜医师缺乏触觉反馈,对胃肠道腔内病变定位困难,单纯使用腹腔镜治疗胃肠道病变犹显不足[3-4].虽然腹腔镜术前在内镜下以金属夹或染色剂对病变进行定位的方式文献多有报道,但效果欠佳,可能出现定位失败或导致严重并发症[5].为避免不必要的开腹手术,实现病变的术中准确定位,腹腔镜和内镜双镜联合技术( combined laparoscopicendoscopic resections,CLER)随之出现.     

结肠镜病变定位在腹腔镜结直肠手术中的应用

腹腔镜下结肠或直肠切除手术已成为结、直肠肿瘤外科治疗的有效方法之一，但对于腹腔镜下难于判断其病变部位者，应用结肠镜辅助术中病变定位，可保证腹腔镜手术顺利进行，避免中转开腹手术，我院2003年8月至2005年5月实施完全腹腔镜下结、直肠肿瘤切除手术48例，其中应用结肠镜手术中病变定位13例，现报告如下。     

腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤切除术中转开腹手术的原因分析

经腹腔镜行结直肠肿瘤切除术121例,中转开腹手术12例,原因分别为肿块术前定位不准确、肿瘤肠段切除后两断端吻合长度不够、术中出血、肥胖、输精管断裂、肿瘤与周围组织粘连难以分离各1例,骨盆狭窄、Endo-GIA切割吻合直肠残端失败、肿瘤在盆腔广泛浸润转移各2例.认为实施腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤切除术时,正确的术前评估、严格掌握手术指征、提高手术技巧将有助于避免不必要的中转开腹手术.     

结直肠肿瘤样病变内镜活检与黏膜切除术后病理诊断比较

背景：结直肠肿瘤样病变内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）后病理诊断与术前内镜活检病理诊断的差异未明。目的：评估放大色素内镜指导下EMR获得的结直肠肿瘤样病变标本的诊断价值。方法：连续收集接受EMR治疗的直径≤2cm的无蒂型或平坦、凹陷型结直肠肿瘤样病变纳入研究,分析EMR病理诊断与术前活检病理诊断的差异。结果：共纳入EMR切除病灶90个,无蒂型25个,平坦、凹陷型65个,后者为高度异型增生（HGD）或腺癌的可能性略高于前者（41．5％对20．0％,P〉0．05）。术前活检病理诊断的总体准确性为68．9％,28个（31．1％）病灶的诊断于术后发生改变．其中4个增生性病变术后均诊断为低度异型增生（LGD）,14个LGD诊断为HGD,5个LGD诊断为腺癌,5个HGD诊断为腺癌。病灶形态学表现及其浸润深度与病理诊断结果的改变无关。结论：放大色素内镜指导下的EMR病理诊断纠正了本组近1／3结直肠肿瘤样病变的术前活检病理诊断,具有完善诊断和治疗的双重作用。     

Intraoperative localization of occult colorectal tumors during laparoscopic surgery by magnetic ring markers—a pilot study

Purpose

Intraoperative localization of small tumors or malignant polyps has been an important issue in laparoscopic colon surgery. We have developed a new method for preoperative endoscopic tumor marking using a ring-shaped magnetic marker.

Methods

In a pilot study, 28 patients with small colonic (n?=?23) or rectal tumors (n?=?5) underwent endoscopic magnetic clipping prior to laparoscopic resection. A cap carrying a high-power neodymium ring magnet was mounted on the tip of a colonoscope. Near the lesion, the ring magnet was released and clipped to the colorectal wall. Standard laparoscopic instruments were used to find the magnet intraoperatively.

Results

Endoscopic fixation of a ring magnet next to the tumor by clipping was technically feasible in all 28 patients. Intraoperative localization of the marked lesions was successful in 27 of 28 patients (96 %). All patients underwent magnet-guided radical laparoscopic resection of the tumor with an average proximal and distal resection margin of 101 and 63 mm, respectively. In one case, the magnet could not be found due to preoperative migration. Surgical complications related to magnetic clip application or intraoperative tumor localization were not observed. However, there was one case with an intraoperative perforation of the colon by the magnet, which was obviously caused by unchecked action with a laparoscopic instrument.

Conclusions

Preoperative endoscopic labeling of colonic lesions with on-the-scope magnetic markers is simple and safe. Intraoperative tumor localization during laparoscopic colorectal surgery can be achieved reliably without additional equipment such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy.     

Original technique for small colorectal tumor localization during laparoscopic surgery

INTRODUCTION: Small colonic tumor localization and correct extension of colonic resection is critical in laparoscopic surgery. Currently used techniques are sometimes inconclusive and may carry some morbidity. We describe an original method of small tumor localization during laparoscopic colorectal operations through the use of preoperative clip applications by colonoscopy and intraoperative ultrasound of the colon. METHODS: Eight patients with small colonic lesions necessitating preoperative marking were included into this study. A two-step technique was used. Before the operation two metal clips were endoscopically applied proximally and distally to the lesion site. At surgery an intraoperative ultrasound examination of the colon or rectum surface was performed to localize the clips. Subsequent laparoscopic colon resection was performed. RESULTS: Endoscopic metallic clips were easily applied around the lesion in all cases without complications. No dislodgement of clips was documented. At surgery laparoscopic ultrasound visualized the clips in all cases. The examination took between 5 and 17 minutes with no specific morbidity. The lesions with the surrounding clips were always found in the resected specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic metal clipping and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound proved to be an easy, safe, and accurate technique in locating small colonic tumors.     

Intraoperative colonoscopy in patients with colorectal cancer: Review of recent developments

The use of intraoperative colonoscopy has increased alongside progress in the development of colonoscopy‐associated devices and techniques, including the colonoscope itself. In the present review, we focus on four circumstances in which intraoperative colonoscopy is beneficial to colorectal surgery: (i) intraoperative determination of a tumor's location; (ii) observation of the proximal colon in cases of obstructive colorectal cancer; (iii) confirmation of the integrity of anastomosis; and (iv) novel surgical techniques that combine laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery. In light of the findings of our review, a combination of colonoscopy and surgery—especially laparoscopic surgery—is expected to facilitate the optimal handling of a variety of colorectal tumors, ranging from benign cases to advanced and obstructive cases.     

三孔法腹腔镜结直肠癌NOSES术

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）的临床可行性。 方法回顾分析中山大学附属第一医院本医疗组2021年10月至2021年12月采用单人三孔腹腔镜乙状结肠癌或高位直肠癌根治术（NOSES术）的8例患者临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术中淋巴结清扫数量、术后并发症、住院时间等情况。 结果8例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间（170.3±38.6）分钟,平均术中出血量（43.8±11.9）mL,平均术后排气时间（42.0±24.9）小时,平均淋巴结清扫数量（13.6±9.5）颗,平均住院时间（13.4±3.9）天,术后无并发症发生。 结论由1名外科医生和1名扶镜手实施的三孔腹腔镜手术似乎是治疗结直肠癌患者的一种可行且安全的手术选择,能达到相同的根治效果,并发症并未增多。     

Prospective, blinded comparison of laparoscopic ultrasonographyvs. contrast-enhanced computerized tomography for liver assessment in patients undergoing colorectal carcinoma surgery

PURPOSE: To prospectively and blindly compare intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography to preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography in detecting liver lesions in colorectal cancer patients. Additionally, we compared conventional (open) intraoperative ultrasonography with bimanual liver palpation to contrast-enhanced computerized tomography in a subset of patients. METHODS: From December 1995 to March 1998, 77 consecutive patients underwent curative (n=63) or palliative (n=14) resections for colorectal cancer. All patients undergoing curative resections were randomized to either laparoscopic (n=34) or conventional (n=29) surgery after informed consent. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy, and laparoscopic ultrasonography before resection. In those patients who had conventional procedures, intraoperative ultrasonography with bimanual liver palpation was also done. All laparoscopic ultrasonography and intraoperative ultrasonography evaluations were performed by one of two radiologists who were blinded to the CT results. All hepatic segments were scanned using a standardized method. The yield of each modality was calculated using the number of lesions identified by each imaging modality divided by the total number of lesions identified. RESULTS: In 43 of the 77 patients, both the laparoscopic ultrasonography and CT scan were negative for any liver lesions. In 34 patients, a total of 130 lesions were detected by laparoscopic ultrasonography, CT, or both. When compared with laparoscopic ultrasonography, intraoperative ultrasonography with bimanual liver palpation identified one additional metastatic lesion and no additional benign lesions. laparoscopic ultrasonography identified two patients with mets who had negative preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ultrasonography of the liver at the time of primary resection of colorectal cancer yields more lesions than preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and should be considered for routine use during laparoscopic oncologic colorectal surgery.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, San Antonio, Texas, May 2 to 7, 1998.     

Locating polyps by endoscopy with or without videolaparoscopy, radioguided occult colonic lesion identification or magnetic endoscopic imaging: the way forward to complete polyp removal

Endoscopic polypectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of colorectal polyps. In the case of non-palpable lesions or to complete polyp removal, the lesions are located intra-operatively. With the advent of laparoscopy, identifying their position is even more important because there is no opportunity for intestinal palpation. Several methods of preoperative endoscopic marking have been proposed using different types of tattooing and recently using clips followed by ultrasonography detection. Innovative methods are analysed; magnetic endoscopic imaging is a reliable and accurate method for determining the anatomical position of the tip of the endoscope during colonoscopy. Radioguided colonic lesion identification needs a gamma detection probe. Endoscopic removal can be converted to endo-laparoscopic rendezvous, failing which, laparoscopic resection is a reliable and safe choice, offering all the advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques.     

经胃镜保留浆膜层切除上消化道固有肌层起源肿瘤技术初探

目的 探讨经内镜浆膜下肿瘤切除术（ESSD）对上消化道黏膜下肿瘤切除的安全性及有效性。方法 收集2016年10月至2017年2月在南京鼓楼医院接受ESSD的6例黏膜下肿瘤患者资料,分析手术时间、手术成功率、术后病理、并发症等。结果 纳入的6例患者均完整切除肿瘤,其中1例患者发生浆膜面穿孔。肿瘤平均大小（27.5±10.0）mm,手术平均耗时（49±18）min。术后病理均提示为低危险度间质瘤。6例患者均顺利出院,未发生严重并发症。结论 ESSD作为一种新兴的内镜下治疗方法,对固有肌层起源肿瘤安全可靠。     

A two-step method for marking polypectomy sites in the colon and rectum

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative localization of polypectomy sites is critical for laparoscopic and open surgery, but conventional methods of marking the colorectum are sometimes unreliable. A new two-step method for marking polypectomy sites for identification during laparoscopic and open operations is described. METHODS: Eighteen patients with postpolypectomy lesions necessitating preoperative marking were enrolled in this study. A physiologic saline solution was endoscopically injected into the submucosa to produce an artificial submucosal elevation (pseudopolyp). A small volume of India ink was then injected into the submucosal elevation (pseudopolyp) with a separate needle. RESULTS: The two-step method was easily applied for all lesions without complication. At surgery, all lesions were immediately visualized. CONCLUSION: The two-step tattooing method proved to be easy, safe, and accurate for marking polypectomy sites.