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1.
目的 探讨加巴喷丁胶囊联合小剂量泼尼松治疗对带状疱疹患者清神经肽Y(NPY)、P物质(SP)及T细胞亚群的影响及近期临床疗效。方法 选择海南省人民医院2015年1月-2016年12月期间收治的带状疱疹患者128例,随机数表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各64例。其中对照组患者给予小剂量泼尼松治疗,观察组患者给予加巴喷丁胶囊联合小剂量泼尼松治疗。比较两组患者近期疗效,治疗前后患者视觉模拟尺评分(VAS)、T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况(CD3+和CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)及NPY和SP水平。结果 经不同方案治疗后,观察组的总有效率为95.31%,对照组总有效率为85.94%,两组相比差异显著且具有统计意义(χ2=8.67,P < 0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的VAS评分显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);治疗后,观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+和CD4+、CD4+/CD8+明显增高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);观察组治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+和CD4+、CD4+/CD8+较对照组增加更显著,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组NPY和SP水平较治疗前均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);治疗后,观察组NPY和SP水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 加巴喷丁胶囊联合小剂量泼尼松治疗对带状疱疹患者能够有效改善患者临床症状,缓轻患者的神经疼痛,改善患者机体免疫功能功能,降低外周血NPY、SP水平,值得临床推广和应用。  相似文献   

2.
目的 研究黄芪注射液联合他克莫司对原发性肾病综合征患者的治疗效果及对血液黏稠状态的影响。方法 选择2015年1月—2017年10月在西安济仁医院诊治的59例原发性肾病综合征患者,随机分为对照组30例和观察组29例。对照组口服他克莫司胶囊治疗,初始剂量为每天0.1 mg/kg,每天2次,与早餐和晚餐前1 h口服,连续给药6个月;观察组联合静脉滴注黄芪注射液治疗,把40 mL的黄芪注射液溶于250 mL的10%葡萄糖溶液中进行静脉滴注,每天给药1次。两组均连续治疗6个月。比较两组的临床治疗效果、血黏稠度和血小板聚集率,比较两组治疗前后的CD4+、CD3+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+等细胞免疫功能指标和血清白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α以及白介素-23水平。结果 观察组的有效率72.41%明显高于对照组43.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组的血小板聚集率和血黏稠度均明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的CD4+、CD3+以及CD4+/CD8+均升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α以及白介素-23水平均降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 黄芪注射液与他克莫司联合使用可以显著提高原发性肾病综合征患者的治疗效果,降低血液高黏状态,控制炎症反应,增强免疫功能,值得应用推广。  相似文献   

3.
夏红  徐萍 《现代药物与临床》2019,34(4):1207-1211
目的 观察和和络舒肝胶囊联合恩替卡韦胶囊治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床疗效。方法 选取2015年9月-2018年5月在重庆市大足区人民医院治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者124例作为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组(62例)和治疗组(62例)。对照组患者口服恩替卡韦胶囊,1粒/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服和络舒肝胶囊,5粒/次,3次/d。两组患者疗程均为12个月。观察两组患者的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后的肝功能指标、肝纤维化指标、T淋巴细胞亚群水平和炎症因子水平。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为82.26%、93.55%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6、12个月后,两组血清的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)和谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组肝功能指标水平显著低于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6、12个月后,两组的血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PC-Ⅲ)、IV型胶原(IV-C)、层黏连蛋白(LN)和透明质酸酶(HA)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组肝纤维化指标显著低于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6、12个月后,两组患者的CD3+、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+水平显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗6、12个月后,治疗组T淋巴细胞亚群水平显著高于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6、12个月后,两组的白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均显著降低,而白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗6、12个月后,治疗组炎症因子水平明显优于同期对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 和络舒肝胶囊联合恩替卡韦胶囊治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化具有较好的临床疗效,可明显改善肝功能,抑制早期肝硬化的进程,改善机体的免疫功能,减轻炎症反应,且不良反应少,安全性高,具有一定临床推广应用价值。  相似文献   

4.
盛玮  田玉珍 《现代药物与临床》2018,41(11):2065-2068
目的 考察川芎嗪联合阿奇霉素对红霉素耐药性大叶肺炎患儿的疗效及细胞因子的影响。方法 选择180例红霉素耐药大叶性肺炎患儿为研究对象,随机分为阿奇霉素组和联合组,每组90例。阿奇霉素组给予静脉滴注10 mg/kg的注射用阿奇霉素,连用3~5 d,患儿体温恢复,且外周血白细胞恢复后,给予口服10 mg/kg的阿奇霉素干混悬剂,1次/d,连续治疗10 d。联合组在此基础上给予静脉滴注40 mg的盐酸川芎嗪注射液,1次/d,连续治疗10 d。观察比较两组的疗效、免疫球蛋白水平及炎性因子水平。结果 治疗后,阿基霉素组的有效率为77.78%,联合组为87.78%,两组有效率有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平均无显著差异;治疗后,两组患儿CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均显著升高,CD8+水平显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中联合组患儿CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均显著高于对照组,CD8+水平显著低于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均无显著性差异;治疗后,两组患者IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中联合组显著低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 川芎嗪联合阿奇霉素对红霉素耐药大叶肺炎患儿有较好的疗效,其治疗作用的发挥与调节机体免疫环境有关,能增加免疫力,减轻炎症反应,从而促进患儿的康复。  相似文献   

5.
吴勇  吴应林  李瑞麟 《安徽医药》2019,40(11):1212-1215
目的 探讨褪黑素对2型糖尿病老年患者细胞免疫功能和感染疾病发病率的影响。方法 收集2016年3月至2017年11月合肥市滨湖医院确诊的2型糖尿病老年患者121例,使用随机数字表法将患者分为褪黑素组(n=61)和对照组(n=60),研究周期收集有效资料,去除无效病例,褪黑色组纳入43例,对照组48例。对照组采用糖尿病常规治疗,褪黑素组采用糖尿病常规治疗加用褪黑素胶囊,观察并比较治疗前和治疗24周后两组患者炎性细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平及感染疾病发病率。结果 褪黑素组患者治疗前后IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-a水平差值均低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。褪黑素组患者治疗前后CD3+CD4+水平差值高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而褪黑素组CD3+CD8+水平差值与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。褪黑素组患者治疗前后CD4+CD154+差值高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访24周,褪黑素组患者感染发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 褪黑素可以改善糖尿病患者免疫功能,减少感染的发生。  相似文献   

6.
赵静丽  丁显春  刘科贝 《安徽医药》2019,40(11):1259-1261
目的 探讨奥司他韦联合热毒宁治疗儿童流行性感冒的疗效及其对免疫功能的影响。方法 选择2017年10月至2018年9月南阳市中心医院收治的112例流行性感冒患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各56例。对照组患儿给予热毒宁注射液静滴治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予奥司他韦颗粒口服,均连续治疗3天。比较两组患儿的治疗总有效率;观察两组患儿临床症状改善时间、血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平及T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+)水平,并计算CD4+/CD8+值。结果 治疗3天后,观察组治疗总有效率(96.43%)高于对照组(83.93%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组发热、鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症状恢复时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组IL-6、CRP、IFN-γ水平治疗前后差值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+治疗前后差值高于对照组,CD8+治疗前后差值低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 奥司他韦联合热毒宁治疗儿童流行性感冒可有效提高临床疗效,改善患儿免疫功能。  相似文献   

7.
唐萍  骆洋  李新 《现代药物与临床》2021,44(8):1751-1755
目的 探讨肿痛安胶囊联合沙利度胺治疗复发性口腔溃疡的疗效及其对免疫细胞的影响。方法 选取2019年5月—2020年12月绵阳市中心医院收治的92例复发性口腔溃疡患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各46例。对照组口服沙利度胺片,50 mg/次,2次/d。观察组在对照组基础上口服肿痛安胶囊,0.56 g/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效及临床症状改善时间,同时比较两组治疗前后的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和免疫指标水平。结果 治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为93.48%,对照组为78.26%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组VAS评分均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组VAS评分降低程度更明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的水肿消失时间、渗出消失时间、疼痛消失时间、溃疡愈合时间均短于对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞均显著升高(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 肿痛安胶囊联合沙利度胺可提高复发性口腔溃疡的疗效,进一步降低临床症状和疼痛程度,改善免疫功能,且安全性良好。  相似文献   

8.
目的 研究丙种球蛋白联合阿糖腺苷对小儿病毒性脑炎患者血清丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶水平的影响。方法 选择2014年1月-2017年12月崇州市妇幼保健院的102例小儿病毒性脑炎患者,随机分为两组。对照组静脉滴注阿糖腺苷,每次7 mg,每天1次;观察组联合静脉注射丙种球蛋白,每天1 g/kg,均治疗5 d,对比两组疗效。结果 观察组的总有效率为92.16%,明显高于对照组的76.47%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的呕吐消失时间、退热时间、头痛消失时间、意识清醒时间以及惊厥消失时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的CD8+、CD4+、CD3+和CD4+/CD8+等细胞免疫功能指标均较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05);且观察组CD3+、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清丙二醛水平均显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶水平均显著升高(P<0.05);且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 丙种球蛋白联合阿糖腺苷可以显著改善小儿病毒性脑炎的症状,增强免疫功能,改善血清丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶水平,减轻氧化应激反应,值得临床推荐。  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究槐杞黄颗粒联合聚乙二醇4 000散治疗儿童便秘疗效及对患儿肠道菌群、免疫功能的影响。方法 选择2016年4月-2019年2月邢台市人民医院收治的便秘患儿96例,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各48例。对照组患儿分两次温水冲服聚乙二醇4000散,1.5 g/(kg·d),并根据患儿粪便嵌塞情况逐渐减量。观察组患儿在对照组的基础上温水冲服槐杞黄颗粒,10 g/次,2次/d。2周为1个疗程,两组患儿均治疗2个疗程。观察两组患者的临床疗效,比较两组患儿治疗前后免疫功能、肠道菌群水平、临床症状评分、中医证候总分、生存质量评分(HRQOL)及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,对照组总有效率为79.17%,低于试验组总有效率93.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平升高,CD8+水平降低(P<0.05),其中观察组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平高于对照组,CD8+水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组肠道内双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌水平升高,葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌水平降低(P<0.05);其中观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌水平高于对照组,葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组排便次数、排便难度、排便时间和大便性状等评分均降低(P<0.05);其中观察组排便次数、排便难度、排便时间和大便性状评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组中医症候总分明显减少,HRQOL评分升高(P<0.05),其中观察组中医症候总分低于对照组,HRQOL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率无明显差异。结论 槐杞黄颗粒联合聚乙二醇4000散治疗便秘患儿,能够显著改善患儿便秘症状和生存质量,提高免疫功能,调节肠道内菌群水平,效果显著。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨槐杞黄颗粒联合重组人血小板生成素治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年1月-2018年2月青岛市市立医院(集团)收治的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者84例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各42例。对照组皮下注射重组人血小板生成素注射液,15 000 U/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上温水冲服槐杞黄颗粒,1袋/次,2次/d。两组连续治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的血小板相关抗体、血小板计数、T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为73.81%、90.48%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血小板相关免疫球蛋白G(PAIgG)、血小板相关免疫球蛋白A(PAIgA)、血小板相关免疫球蛋白M(PAIgM)水平明显降低,而血小板计数明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平明显升高,而CD8+水平明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 槐杞黄颗粒联合重组人血小板生成素治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜具有较好的临床疗效,能降低血小板相关抗体,改善机体免疫功能,降低不良反应的发生,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

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The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.  相似文献   

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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

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