藏药镰形棘豆和轮叶棘豆的高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析

本文首次建立了藏药＂俄大夏＂的两种基源药材—镰形棘豆和轮叶棘豆的一种简单、灵敏、可靠的高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析方法,并对不同产地以及不同时间采集的药材进行了分析,结果显示镰形棘豆有19个共有指纹峰,轮叶棘豆有24个共有指纹峰,镰形棘豆和轮叶棘豆有11个共有指纹峰。通过对照品对照指认了两种药材中共有的7个指纹峰以及轮叶棘豆特有的1个指纹峰的化合物结构。研究结果表明两种药材尽管在化学成分上存在一定差异,但是其主要成分基本相同,因此从化学成分的角度上为两种药材均作为＂俄大夏＂入药提供了科学依据,同时也提示为了保证临床用药的疗效和一致性,有必要对这两种药材的化学和生物活性区别进行深入细致的研究。     

棘豆的生药学研究

目的完善棘豆的质量标准。方法资源调查、标本采集、鉴别与含量测定。结果青海、甘肃及四川北部以镰形棘豆为主,西藏以轮叶棘豆为主。建立了棘豆的TLC鉴别方法和紫外-可见分光光度法测定含量的方法;并在测定了6批次药材(包括2份对口药材)的基础上初步设定了棘豆所含黄酮类成分的含量限度。结论所建方法有利于完善棘豆的质量标准。     

棘豆药材的鉴别及总黄酮的测定

目的完善棘豆药材的质量标准。方法采用基源考证、资源调查、生物碱的研究和总黄酮的含量测定等方法。结果初步查清了棘豆的基源状况与资源分布;建立了测定棘豆中总黄酮含量的方法及镰形棘豆中生物碱的TLC鉴别方法。结论所用方法提高了藏药材棘豆的质量标准。     

藏药镰形棘豆的研究进展

镰形棘豆属豆科棘豆属多年生无茎草本植物,是重要的传统藏药材,在西藏资源丰富且药用价值高。近年来有关镰形棘豆的研究十分广泛。该文通过查阅相关资料文献,从镰形棘豆的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用等方面进行总结,以期为该药材的进一步研究利用提供参考。     

镰形棘豆的生药分析

目的建立镰形棘豆药材品质评价的方法。方法从原植物、性状、显微、薄层鉴别、HPI。C法测定含量等对镰形棘豆进行生药分析研究。结果镰形棘豆药材原植物、药材性状、显微特征具有专属性,药材中2’,4’-二羟基查耳酮含量可达0．92％。结论原植物、性状、显微、薄层鉴别及HPLC法测定含量可用于镰形棘豆药材的品质控制。     

基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱的多叶棘豆指标成分的含量测定

目的： 建立多叶棘豆HPLC指纹图谱及2个指标成分的含量测定方法。方法： 采用HPLC法,Symmetry^®C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm）;以乙腈（A）-0.1%乙酸水溶液（B）梯度洗脱;柱温30℃;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长为254 nm。结果： 建立了10批多叶棘豆药材的HPLC指纹图谱,相似度在0.937~0.973,共标定了18个共有峰;同时测定了24批药材中槲皮素-7-O-α-鼠李糖-3-O-（6″-反式咖啡酰）-β-D-葡萄糖基-（1→2）-β-D-葡萄糖苷和芦丁的含量,分别为0.02~11.75 mg·g^-1和0.01~1.26 mg·g^-1。结论： 建立的指纹图谱结合含量测定的方法可有效、全面地用于多叶棘豆药材的质量评价。     

HPLC法测定蒙药托如布汤搽剂中甘草酸含量

蒙药托如布汤搽剂为新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州蒙医医院传统用药，由多叶棘豆、甘草等十四味蒙药材制成，具有清热、解毒、杀虫、消肿、生肌、止痛的功能，临床上用于治疗湿疹、皮肤瘙痒、疥癣、神经性皮炎、手足癣、脉伤、痔疮等。为了更好地控制托如布汤搽剂的质量，本文对其质量标准进行了研究，制订了甘草酸含量的高效液相色谱测定法，为该搽剂的质量控制提供科学依据。     

镰形棘豆黄酮类成分提取工艺与体外抗氧化活性研究

摘要 目的用正交实验法对镰形棘豆提取工艺进行优化,体外实验评价镰形棘豆总黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性。方法以镰形棘豆总黄酮的提取率和出膏率为评价指标,采用L9（34）正交实验设计法,优化镰形棘豆水提取工艺。选择清除羟自由基的Fenton法、清除1,1 二苯基 2 三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基法及还原能力,检测镰形棘豆总黄酮的体外抗氧化能力。结果镰形棘豆最佳水提取工艺为用药材10倍量体积的水,80 ℃热回流提取3次,每次1.0 h。该水提物中总黄酮含量达到（72.92±5.04） mg·g－1。镰形棘豆总黄酮提取物对羟自由基、DPPH自由基具有良好的清除能力,达到50%清除率所需药物的浓度（EC50）分别为1.10 mg·mL－1和262.57 μg·mL－1。结论该工艺可以显著提高提取物中黄酮类成分的含量,方法可靠,简便易行。富集后的镰形棘豆总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性,且活性与剂量呈正相关。     

不同产地不同品种棘豆中球松素及2’,4’-二氢查尔酮的分析研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定棘豆中的球松素及2’,4’-二氢查尔酮含量,分析不同产地、不同品种棘豆的差异,为棘豆质量评价提供方法和依据。方法:色谱柱:CAPCELL PAK C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长284 nm;柱温:30℃。结果:各色谱峰分离度较好,球松素和2’,4’-二氢查尔酮浓度分别在1.60~64.0μg·mL^-1(r=0.9993)、1.30~416μg·mL^-1(r=0.9998)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为96.88%、99.69%。聚类分析结果表明球松素和2’,4’-二氢查尔酮在镰形棘豆和轮叶棘豆中的含量有别于其他几种棘豆;从产区来说,西藏区含量差异最大,青海地区含量差异较大、甘南和四川地区的差异相对较小。结论:该方法简单、快捷、灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于测定棘豆中球松素及2’,4’-二氢查尔酮的含量;对标准收载的镰形棘豆、轮叶棘豆与其他品种棘豆的定性定量鉴别具有较大的意义。     

基于数据挖掘的含藏药材日官孜玛方剂组方及用药规律研究

目的 研究藏药材日官孜玛的用药规律及含该药材方剂的配伍规律，为临床用药及潜在新处方的发现提供参考。方法 采用Apriori算法和社区模块化等数据挖掘方法，分析含日官孜玛方剂中各味药材的配伍规律和高频主治疾病用药规律。结果 共收集含日官孜玛方剂109首，涉及364味藏药材，通过频次统计分析发现日官孜玛多与清热止痛、活血行"隆"类药物联合使用，主治疾病为"培根木布"病、热泻病和瘟疫等藏医病种。关联规则分析得出频数、支持度、置信度均最高的药物组合日官孜玛-兔耳草、日官孜玛-诃子和日官孜玛-渣驯，体现了藏药方剂的"主辅配伍"规律。含日官孜玛方剂治疗"培根木布"病、热泻病和瘟疫等疾病时多与清热行"隆"、止泻止血、除瘟解毒等药物配伍使用，且各方剂的配伍具有明显差异性，符合藏药方剂学"君臣将士"配伍用药规律。结论 含藏药材日官孜玛方剂组方规律明确，主治疾病与核心药物组合相互对应，符合藏药方剂学的"君臣将士"配伍规律，表明该规律为代表的藏医方剂理论在藏药复方新药开发和临床个性化用药中具有重要的指导意义。研究结果为临床合理使用日官孜玛及含日官孜玛方剂提供了重要参考依据。     

Three new flavonoid glycosides from Oxytropis myriophylla

Three new flavonoids, myriophylloside I, II and III, were isolated from Oxytropis myriophylla (Leguminosae), together with four known flavonoid glycosides: isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-arabinosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucoside, quercetin and rutin. The structural elucidations of all the compounds were based on extensive spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS and 2D-NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, ¹H–¹H COSY and HSQC-TOCSY), UV, IR and chemical evidence, together with comparison with reference values.     

Chemical constituents and biological activities of Albizia myriophylla wood

Context: Albizia myriophylla Benth (Leguminosae) is a medicinal plant widely used in Thailand and other Asian countries as a folk medicine remedy for many ailments.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the chemical compositions, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of A. myriophylla wood.

Materials and methods: The structure identification of the isolated compounds was established using spectroscopic methods. In vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus and the cytotoxicity against KB cells of extracts and compounds from A. myriophylla were performed using broth microdilution and resazurin microplate assays, respectively. The lupinifolin content in A. myriophylla extracts was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: A rare flavan-3,4-diol (1) together with eight known compounds (2–9) were isolated from the wood of A. myriophylla. Compounds 4–9 exhibited anti-S. mutans activity, of which lupinifolin (5) was the most potent with an MIC value of 0.98?µg/mL, followed by its dihydroxy derivative 4 with an MIC value of 62.5?µg/mL. Compounds 4 and 5 also displayed marked antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. aureus (MIC value 15.63–125?µg/mL) and showed strong cytotoxic activity against KB cells (IC₅₀ value 4.95–12.55?µg/mL). The lupinifolin contents in ethanol extracts from two different collections of this plant originating from central and southern Thailand were 93.85 and 0.04?mg/g, respectively.

Conclusion: This is the first report of compounds 1–4 from A. myriophylla. Compounds 4 and 5 showed potent antibacterial and cytotoxic activities compared with other isolates. The anti-S. mutans activity of A. myriophylla extracts seems to be related to the lupinifolin content.     

藏药镰形棘豆的镇痛抗炎活性

目的:对藏药镰形棘豆的镇痛和抗炎活性进行研究.方法:使用醋酸扭体法、热板法和福尔马林法确定镰形棘豆的镇痛效应和类型;使用二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型、卡拉胶诱导的小鼠腹腔炎模型和大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型探讨镰形棘豆的抗炎效应.结果:镰形棘豆总提取物经口服给药可明显减少由醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数(57.2%);还可对抗由福尔马林诱发的第二相疼痛(40.1%);但是不能降低小鼠对热刺激的反应性.在抗炎试验中,镰形棘豆总提取物可显著地抑制模型小鼠的耳肿胀程度(58.0%)和白细胞的迁移(59.4%),以及模型大鼠肉芽组织的增生(49.2%).结论:镰形棘豆具有良好的外周镇痛活性,对急性炎症和慢性炎症都有较好的作用.     

Anti-Streptococcus mutans efficacy of Thai herbal formula used as a remedy for dental caries

Context: Traditional knowledge of herbal remedies plays an important role in the search for more effective alternative treatment of a variety of disorders. The ethnobotanical surveys in southern Thailand have revealed that 35 Thai herbal formulas have been used by Thai traditional healers against dental caries. However, the scientific evaluation to confirm their rational uses is scarce.

Objective: To test in vitro anti-Streptococcus mutans activity of Thai herbal formulas used against dental caries (THF-DC).

Materials and methods: Ethanol extracts of Thai herbal formulas were evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Agar disc diffusion was employed as a preliminary screening assay, followed by broth microdilution assay to assess minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Furthermore, medicinal plants contained in the most active THF-DC were investigated for their phytochemicals.

Results: Eleven THF-DC extracts exhibited clear inhibition zones of 7.0–22.5?mm against S. mutans. Subsequent determination of their MIC revealed that the formula containing Albizia myriophylla Benth. (Leguminosae), Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. (Zingiberaceae), Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Acanthaceae), and Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) was the most active, with MIC at 250 µg/mL. Among these medicinal plants, A. myriophylla gave the strongest activity with MIC at 3.9 µg/mL, followed by A. marina with MIC at 62.5 µg/mL. Various classes of bioactive phytochemicals including tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids were found in these extracts.

Conclusion: Anti-S. mutans activity of THF-DC extracts was established. Further investigations may be required for the isolation and chemical characterization of the active ingredients in A. myriophylla.     

镰形棘豆提取物抗肿瘤活性的体外实验研究

目的：对从镰形棘豆中分离得到的5种提取物进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。方法：采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法观察镰形棘豆挥发油、总黄酮、总多糖、总生物碱及总皂苷对HepG2、MGC-803、LOVO、MCF-7、HeLa等5种人癌细胞株增殖的影响。结果：挥发油和总黄酮可以不同程度地抑制人癌细胞株的增殖。并呈现出一定的量效关系。结论：镰形棘豆的挥发油和总黄酮是抗肿瘤活性的主要部位．值得进一步深入地探讨和研究。     

Antibacterial substances from Albizia myriophylla wood against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans

Albizia myriophylla has been used for long by Thai traditional healers as an important ingredient herb in Thai herbal formulas for caries. In this study, three flavonoids lupinifolin (6), 8-methoxy-7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone (7), and 7,8,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone (8), a triterpenoid lupeol (3) as well as four sterols β-sitosterone (1), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-one (2), β-sitosterol (4), and stigmasterol (5) were isolated from A. myriophylla wood. The antibacterial activity of these compounds against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was performed using broth microdilution method. All compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against S. mutans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 1–256 and 2–256 μg/ml, respectively. Among the isolated compounds, lupinifolin (6) was found to be the most potent with MIC and MBC of 1 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Lupinifolin (6) also showed a strong activity against ten clinical isolates of S. mutans with MIC and MBC ranging from 0.25–2 and 0.5–8 μg/ml, respectively. These results reported the bioactive ingredients of A. myriophylla which support its ethnomedical claims as well. Lupinifolin (6) may have a potential to be a natural anticariogenic agent.     

高原和减压缺氧对四种药物毒性的影响

由于高原气候的影响,大气压力和氧分压降低,在此情况下机体对于各种药物的反应有很大改变。如在海拔3540 m高山上,氯丙嗪的催眠作用比平原增强两倍。利血平在800 m处,对大鼠降血压的有效剂量为0.25 mg/天,而在高山处此剂量可引起中毒甚至死亡。证明其适宜的剂量是0.08 mg/天。在3200 m处,盐酸罌粟碱、地巴佐和去甲肾上腺素对小鼠的LD_(50)显著变小。同样马钱子碱、红海葱(Red squill)和洋地黄在高原或减压缺氧的情况下其毒性均有提高。但是以上结果都是二个高度之比较,而对于不同药物在不同海拔高度时其毒性变化如何尚未见报道。     

纳米技术应用于中药制剂的研究进展

中药产生的药理作用不完全归因于其特有的化学组分及成分结构,还与药物的物理状态密切相关.将纳米技术引入现代中药制剂的研究与开发,有望将中药制成高效、速效、长效、剂量小、不良反应少、服用方便的现代制剂,可以提高中药的临床疗效,扩大中药的应用范围,并且丰富中药的理论研究.对近年来纳米技术在中药制剂研究中显现的优势与应用进行综述.     

中药鹿茸草的研究进展

鹿茸草始见于《植物名实图考》,是玄参科植物绵毛鹿茸草(Monochasma savatier Franch.)或沙氏鹿茸草(Monochasma sheareri Franch.ex Maxim.)的全草,具有清热解毒、祛风止痛、凉血止血等多种功效.本文利用CNKI、PubMed和SciFinder以鹿茸草(Monoc...     

Acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus strains on fish and mouse bone marrow

The insecticidal properties of delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) serotypes kurstaki and israelensis and crystal proteins of Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) serotype H5 have been used in insect control for decades. The availability of microbial toxins in biopesticides as well as in plants with incorporated protection has been increasing the concerns about biosafety. Acute toxicity to Danio rerio and cytotoxicity on mouse bone marrow cells and peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus were tested with Bt israelensis, Bt kurstaki and Bs H5 strains. The concentration and dose tested were 10⁶ and 10⁸ spores/ml, respectively. Neither lethality nor effects on mouse bone marrow were promoted by any strain. In necrosis–apoptosis study on peripheral erythrocytes of O. niloticus an increased frequency of necrotic cells caused by exposure to strains of B. thuringiensis was found. Exposure to B. sphaericus did not show cytotoxic effects in either tested system. None of the strains studied induced apoptosis in contrast with the chemical controls.