RNASE4异常表达对胶质瘤细胞侵袭迁移的影响及机制研究

摘 要：［目的］ 阐明RNASE4在胶质瘤细胞迁移和侵袭中的潜在作用及机制。［方法］ 利用实时定量PCR（qPCR）检测RNASE4在正常胶质细胞和胶质瘤细胞系中的表达水平。将胶质瘤U87细胞分为对照组、siRNA-NC组和siRNA-RNASE4组。在体外细胞中瞬时转染siRNA-RNASE4，利用CCK-8法检测胶质瘤细胞U87增殖率。采用伤口愈合实验和Transwell小室实验检测U87细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。通过定量PCR和Western blot实验检测各组细胞中相关因子的表达。［结果］ RNASE4在胶质瘤细胞系T98（1.34±0.06，P<0.01）、A172（1.79±0.10，P<0.01）、U251（1.86±0.09，P<0.01）、U118（2.19±0.17，P<0.01）和U87（2.64±0.17，P<0.01）中较NHAs细胞系均异常高表达（1.00±0.05）。在胶质瘤细胞U87中下调RNASE4表达引起细胞增殖活力下降（48h，P<0.05；72h，P<0.01）。同时，siRNA-RNASE4组U87细胞的划痕愈合能力（46.0±4.6 vs 87.2±3.6，P<0.01）以及细胞侵袭能力（72.5±4.7 vs 147.8±16.8，P<0.01）均明显降低。下调RNASE4表达抑制了BCL2、MMP9基因表达，并促进各组细胞中E-cadherin表达（P<0.01）。［结论］ RNASE4能够通过调节BCL2、MMP9等因子的表达来调节胶质瘤细胞的增殖与迁移能力，发挥促癌因子的作用。     

敲低DCLK1抑制神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、 迁移与侵袭CSCD

目的探讨双肾上腺皮质激素样激酶 1(DCLK1)对胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响及其机制。方法 RT-qPCR、免疫组织化学染色和Western blot检测胶质瘤组织和细胞(U87和A172)中DCLK1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况;sh-DCLK1和阴性对照(sh-Con)转染U87和A172细胞;MTT和Transwell法分析敲低DCLK1对神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响;蛋白印迹法检测敲低DCLK1对神经胶质瘤细胞中TGF-β/Smads信号通路相关蛋白TGF-β1、p-Smad2、p-Smad7表达的影响;将已转染sh-DCLK1或sh-Con的U87细胞注射到BALB/c裸鼠颈部皮下,定期测量瘤体体积,收集瘤体并称重。结果胶质瘤组织和细胞中DCLK1 mRNA和蛋白表达较癌旁正常组织和正常神经胶质细胞均显著升高(P<0.001)。与sh-Con组比,sh-DCLK1组的胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力及细胞中TGF-β1、p-Smad2和p-Smad7表达显著降低(P<0.01;P<0.001);sh-DCLK1组裸鼠体内的瘤体体积和瘤体质量明显降低(P<0.001)。结论敲低DCLK1能抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β/Smads信号活性有关。     

锌转运体1基因在脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其对U87细胞增殖、迁移和 侵袭能力的影响

目的： 检测锌转运体1(zinc transporter 1,ZnT1)基因在胶质瘤组织中的表达,初步探索ZnT1对U87细胞增殖、迁移和 侵袭能力的影响。 方法： 收集2015年10月至2017年1月中国医科大学附属第一医院神经外科收治的术前未接受过放化疗的 Ⅱ～Ⅲ期胶质瘤患者20例,采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测胶质瘤组织与瘤旁组织中ZnT1 mRNA和蛋白的含量。向 胶质瘤细胞系U87中分别转染ZnT1和si-ZnT1质粒,构建ZnT1过表达和低表达细胞系,MTT和Transwell实验分别检测ZnT1对 U87细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。 结果： ZnT1 mRNA和蛋白在胶质瘤组织中表达显著高于瘤旁组织（均P<0.05）。成功构建 ZnT1过表达和低表达U87细胞系。与空白和空质粒对照组相比,转染12 h后,ZnT1过表达U87细胞的增殖（0.54±0.01 vs 0.45± 0.04、0.43±0.03,P<0.01）、侵袭和迁移能力（均P<0.05）显著升高;而转染12 h后ZnT1低表达U87细胞的增殖（0.37±0.03 vs 0.45±0.01、0.44±0.03,P<0.01）、侵袭和迁移能力（均P<0.05）显著降低。 结论： ZnT1在胶质瘤组织中呈高表达,ZnT1可以促进 胶质瘤U87细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

SPRED1在结肠癌中的表达及意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨SPRED1在结肠癌中的表达,及其与结肠癌患者预后的相关性,以及对结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响。［方法］ 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测SPRED1 mRNA在结肠癌细胞和组织标本中的表达,免疫组织化学技术检测SPRED1蛋白在结肠癌组织中的表达。使用小干扰RNA（siRNA）干扰结肠癌细胞内SPRED1表达后,CCK-8试剂盒检测结肠癌细胞增殖能力变化,Transwell小室检测结肠癌细胞迁移能力变化,Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡试剂盒检测细胞凋亡水平。［结果］ SPRED1 mRNA在结肠癌细胞株和结肠癌组织中表达水平均显著上调（P均<0.001）,高表达SPRED1患者的总生存期短于低表达SPRED1患者（HR=2.326,95%CI：1.340～4.062,P<0.05）。干扰SPRED1后,干扰组结肠癌SW480和SW620细胞在36h和48h后增殖能力显著下降（P<0.05）,侵袭能力显著下降（SW480：t=42.05,P<0.0001;SW620：t=12.91,P=0.0002）,且凋亡水平显著上升（SW480：t=18.46,P<0.05;SW620：t=18.52,P<0.0001）。［结论］SPRED1在结肠癌中表达上调,促进结肠癌的增殖和侵袭。     

长链非编码RNA MEG3靶向miR-21对胶质瘤U251细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

摘 要：［目的］ 探究长链非编码RNA人母系表达基因3 (maternally expressed gene 3,MEG3)对人胶质瘤细胞U251增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响及机制。［方法］ RT-PCR检测MEG3和miR-21在胶质瘤组织、癌旁组织中、正常星形胶质细胞NHAs和胶质瘤细胞U251中的表达;用pcDNA-MEG3 (pc-MEG3)转染U251细胞,RT-PCR检测MEG3和miR-21的表达;生物信息及荧光素酶报告实验预测并验证MEG3和miR-21的关系;MTT检测细胞增殖能力,Transwell和划痕实验检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力;免疫印迹检测增殖细胞核抗原 (proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2) 和MMP-9的表达。［结果］ 与癌旁组织比较,MEG3在胶质瘤组织中表达水平明显降低(t=23.169,P<0.001),miR-21水平明显升高(t=14.965,P=0.002);与NHAs组比较,U251组细胞MEG3表达水平明显降低(t=13.145,P<0.001),miR-21表达水平显著升高（t=12.483,P<0.001);pcMEG3 能显著上调MEG3的表达水平并抑制miR-21表达(t=8.129,P<0.001;t=11.705,P<0.001);miR-21 mimic能显著促进miR-21表达并能降低MEG3 野生质粒 (MEG3 wt) 的活性(t=6.460,P<0.001;t=7.742,P=0.004);pc-MEG3能显著降低U251细胞增殖倍数和PCNA的表达水平(F=96.45,P<0.001;t=5.337,P<0.001),miR-21 mimic能显著减弱pc-MEG3对细胞增殖及PCNA表达的抑制作用(t=7.073,P<0.001;t=4.609,P<0.001);同时,pc-MEG3还能显著降低U251细胞的划痕闭合率和侵袭细胞数(t=5.014,P<0.001;t=10.664,P<0.001),并抑制MMP-2和MMP-9的表达(t=3.360,P=0.007;t=3.453,P=0.006）;miR-21 mimic能明显减弱pc-MEG3对细胞侵袭、迁移及MMP-2和MMP-9表达的抑制作用(t=2.498,P=0.032;t=4.298,P=0.002;t=4.612,P<0.001;t=5.137,P<0.001)。［结论］ MEG能通过靶向miR-21减弱胶质瘤U251细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力。     

miR-640通过抑制SLIT1介导Wnt/β-catenin通路促进脑胶质瘤对替莫唑胺的耐药

摘 要：［目的］评价miR-640介导Wnt/β-catenin通路对脑胶质瘤耐药细胞增殖、侵袭及替莫唑胺(temazolamide,TMZ)敏感性的影响。［方法］ 利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）测定脑胶质瘤细胞内miR-640的表达。U87/TMZ细胞分为NC inhibitor组、 miR-640 inhibitor组和miR-640 inhibitor+si-SLIT1组。用不同浓度（15、30、60、120、240 、480和960 μmol/L）TMZ处理细胞,检测细胞对TMZ的耐药性;运用细胞计数试剂盒8（CCK-8）、Transwell实验检测U87/TMZ细胞增殖活力和侵袭力;用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-640与SLIT1的靶向关系。采用Western blot检测Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。［结果］ miR-640在脑胶质瘤细胞中高表达,转染后miR-640 inhibitor组的miR-640表达水平、侵袭细胞数目（57±23 vs 153±31）、IC50值（131.61±8.97 vs 293.33±11.28）、增殖率（18.48±4.23 vs 43.84±8.94）均比NC inhibitor组低（P<0.05）。miR-640靶向调控SLIT1的表达,miR-640 inhibitor+si-SLIT1组β-catenin、c-myc、Cyclin D1蛋白表达水平均高于miR-640 inhibitor组（P<0.05）。［结论］miR-640通过SLIT1介导Wnt/β-catenin通路促进脑胶质瘤增殖、侵袭及对替莫唑胺的耐药性。     

下调S100A2表达对结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭迁移和Wnt信号通路的影响

目的 探讨S100钙结合蛋白A2(S100A2)在结肠癌增殖和侵袭迁移中的作用及可能机制。方法 通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测S100A2在结肠癌组织和细胞系中的表达情况。选择SW480细胞并分为3组：对照组、siRNA-NC组(阴性对照)和siRNA-S100A2组(下调S100A2表达)。采用MTT、划痕实验和Transwell小室实验探究S100A2在结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移过程中的作用,qPCR和Western blotting检测干扰S100A2对Wnt1/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路的影响。结果 与癌旁组织(1.00±0.05)或正常结肠上皮细胞株NCM460(1.00±0.07)比较,S100A2在结肠癌组织(1.66±0.07)和细胞SW620(1.38±0.10)、HT29(1.62±0.13)、LoVo(1.94±0.14)和SW480(2.03±0.08)中均高表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。siRNA-S100A2组的细胞活力及Wnt1、β-catenin和基质金属蛋白酶7水平低于对照组和siRNA-NC组(P<0.0...     

MiR-202靶向调节EGFR介导的PI3K/AKT信号通路在紫杉醇治疗卵巢癌中的机制研究

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨miR-202靶向调节EGFR介导的PI3K/AKT信号通路在紫杉醇治疗卵巢癌中的作用机制。［方法］ 以人卵巢癌细胞株A2780细胞作为研究对象,分别转染miR-NC、miR-202 mimics及shEGFR。采用MTT和Transwell实验检测各组细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。采用qRT-PCR检测细胞中miR-202和EGFR mRNA表达量。采用Western blot检测EGFR、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT和AKT蛋白水平。［结果］ qRT-PCR结果显示,与正常人卵巢上皮细胞HOSEpiC相比,miR-202在卵巢癌细胞A2780/WT 及A2780/PTX中明显低表达（P<0.05）;EGFR mRNA水平显著性上调（P<0.05）。转染miR-202 mimics后,卵巢癌细胞中miR-202相对表达量显著性高于miR-NC组和shEGFR组（P<0.05）;而miR-202 mimics组和shEGFR组EGFR mRNA含量显著性低于miR-NC组（P<0.05）。过表达miR-202及转染shEGFR后,miR-202 mimics组和shEGFR组细胞增殖能力较miR-NC组均显著性降低（P<0.05）;迁移细胞和侵袭数目也随之减少（P<0.05）;且对紫杉醇的半数抑制浓度IC50降低（P<0.05）。免疫印迹测定结果显示,miR-202 mimics组和shEGFR组中EGFR蛋白、p-PI3K/PI3K及p-AKT/AKT磷酸化水平较miR-NC组明显下调（P<0.05）。［结论］ miR-202能靶向调节EGFR表达,并且影响卵巢癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭过程,其作用机制是通过抑制EGFR下游PI3K/AKT信号通路从而发挥抑癌作用,为临床治疗提供了新方向。     

siRNA干扰S100A4蛋白引起钙离子信号改变后对人胃癌细胞的影响

目的:探讨siRNA干扰S100A4蛋白引起钙离子信号改变后对人胃癌细胞的影响。方法:利用lip2000将siRNA-NC和siRNA-S100A4转染进胃癌细胞SGC-7901和MGC-803中。S100A4的基因表达的变化由qRT-PCR检测验证；细胞增殖能力的改变通过MTT、细胞克隆、细胞凋亡实验检测。侵袭和迁移能力的改变利用Transwell实验和细胞划痕实验检测；采用荧光探针Fura-2 乙酰羧甲酯(Fura-2/AM)测定细胞内钙离子浓度。Western blot检测蛋白激酶PKC-α、钙调蛋白CaM和S100A4蛋白的表达变化。结果:与siRNA-NC组相比，siRNA-S100A4组S100A4基因的水平显著降低;细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力也降低；siRNA-S100A4组细胞的凋亡增加，细胞内PKC-α、CaM和S100A4蛋白以及游离钙离子浓度降低。结论:下调S100A4的表达使细胞内钙离子浓度降低，从而导致需要钙离子激活才能发挥作用的PKC-α和CaM蛋白表达量降低，进而诱发一系列生物功能改变。     

HMGB1在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞生物学功能的影响

目的:检测高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box-1,HMGB1)在胶质瘤组织和细胞中的表达情况,了解HMGB1对胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭迁移以及细胞周期的影响。方法:将HMGB1 siRNA真核表达质粒在脂质体介导下转染胶质瘤细胞U373、U87（HMGB1 siRNA组）,以转染无关序列siRNA质粒的细胞（negative control,NC）和未转染的胶质瘤细胞（Control,Con）作为对照。采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白表达,通过CCK-8实验、Transwell实验和细胞划痕实验分别检测胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,用流式细胞仪检测胶质瘤细胞周期的变化。结果:HMGB1 mRNA在胶质瘤组织和细胞水平上都较非肿瘤性脑组织和正常胶质细胞明显高表达,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,CCK-8和划痕实验提示HMGB1 siRNA组细胞增殖和迁移能力受到明显抑制（P＜0.05）,Transwell实验显示HMGB1 siRNA组穿膜侵袭到基质胶的细胞数明显低于Con组和NC组,细胞侵袭能力减弱（P＜0.05）,流式细胞分析提示HMGB1 siRNA组位于S期细胞比例较Con和NC组明显减少（P＜0.05）,提示细胞周期发生S期阻滞。结论:应用RNAi能有效抑制HMGB1基因表达,HMGB1低表达后能抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,并使得细胞周期中进入S期的细胞比例明显减少,细胞周期发生阻滞,这可能为胶质瘤的基因治疗提供了新思路。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

Sensitizers and protectors of radiation and chemotherapy

Curr Probl Cancer 2001;25:329-412.