乌鲁木齐市社区居民癌症筛查依从性及影响因素分析

[目的]了解社区肿瘤高危人群参加筛查的依从性及影响因素,为提高癌症筛查效果提供依据.[方法]采用随机抽样的方法选取研究对象,并按照是否参加筛查分为筛查组(n=439)和非筛查组(n=529),采用问卷调查的方法对依从性影响因素进行分析.[结果]筛查人群总体依从性为30.04％(10297/34282).多因素Logistic回归分析显示受教育程度、肿瘤家族史、筛查部位疾病史、了解本次筛查目的和周围有认识人参加筛查是影响筛查依从性的主要因素.[结论]乌鲁木齐市社区患癌高危人群筛查依从性较低,应加强癌症筛查的健康宣教工作,尤其是受教育程度低、无肿瘤家族史和疾病史的人群,提高认知程度,进一步提高依从性.     

2021年南昌市居民癌症防治素养水平及影响因素分析

目的 了解南昌市居民癌症防治素养水平,探讨癌症防治素养水平影响因素,为今后重点宣教人群和健康教育制定提供基础数据和参考依据。方法 2021-07-01-2021-09-30采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法在南昌市7个区内共抽取4 200人,运用描述性分析、χ²检验分析癌症防治素养水平,采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析居民癌症防治素养水平影响因素。结果 实际回收有效问卷4 003份,具备癌症防治素养水平占16.14%(646/4 003)。男性癌症防治素养水平高于女性,χ²=5.510,P<0.05;城市高于农村,χ²=13.580,P<0.05;35～<45岁年龄组癌症防治素养水平最高,χ²=26.452,P<0.05;医务人员和公务员或事业单位人员高于其他职业者,χ²=21.200,P<0.05;大专及以上人员癌症防治素养水平最高,χ²=64.789,P<0.05。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,女性(O...     

城市癌症筛查对象与社区居民的肿瘤相关行为对照分析

摘 要：［目的］ 评价“中国城市癌症早诊早治项目”中基于问卷评估的临床筛查推介机制对高危人群的区分能力大小。［方法］ 采用自行设计的癌症危险因素调查表,对合肥市社区居民和接受医院筛查的居民开展平行调查,并比较两个人群癌症相关因素的暴露水平。［结果］ 相对明确的肿瘤危险因素在两个人群中差异有统计学意义,且均为医院筛查人群高于社区人群;有近半数的肿瘤保护因素在两个人群中的分布不存在统计学显著性差异。［结论］ “中国城市癌症早诊早治项目”中的基于问卷评估的临床筛查推介机制对癌症危险因素的区分能力较强;对癌症保护因素的反向区分能力较弱。“中国城市癌症早诊早治项目”筛查问卷对癌症相关因素的识别具有一定的“外推”作用。     

健康下社区 居民乐开怀

2009年3月10日,《抗癌之窗》杂志联合北京三里屯社区举行了"让健康人远离癌症"健康讲座。本刊特约健康教育专家张军教授近两个小时的讲座受到了社区朋友的欢迎。社区居民纷纷表示,难得有这样的机会给自己的健康把把关。现场     

中国居民癌症防治核心知识知晓现状及其影响因素的Meta分析

目的：系统评价中国居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率及其影响因素。方法：主要基于计算机检索知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库中涉及中国居民癌症防治核心知识影响因素的横断面研究。由2名研究者独立进行文献检索,时限从2000至2022年7月,对文献进行筛选和资料提取后,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入27篇研究进行分析。结果显示,中国居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率为71.30%(95%CI:63.70%～78.80%);影响因素分析结果显示,女性（OR=1.10, 95%CI:1.03～1.18, P=0.003）、较高学历（OR=1.39, 95%CI:1.27～1.153, P <0.001）、吸烟（OR=1.06, 95%CI:1.03～1.09, P <0.001）、癌症患病经历或恶性肿瘤家族史（OR=1.24, 95%CI:1.10～1.39, P <0.001）是中国居民癌症防治核心知识知晓水平的保护因素。而高龄（OR=0.91, 95%CI:0.81～1.03, P=0.130）、城乡（OR=1.06, ...     

凉山两社区居民癌症防治知识调查

目的：了解四川省凉山两社区居民癌症防治知识的掌握情况,为科学制订该地区和类似地区癌防策略提供依据。方法：通过横断面调查方法,利用方便抽样对凉山两社区居民进行现场问卷调查,采用Epidata 3.1进行数据录入,采用SPSS 21进行数据分析。结果：有效调查177人,平均得分47.52（满分为100分）,癌防知识总知晓率为48.0%,经性别标化后为47.3%。“早期诊断、早期发现、早期治疗可根治约1/3的癌症”“有效的预防措施可减少约1/3癌症的发生”两题正确率最高,均为91.5%;“癌症只会在中老年人群发生”“癌症不会传染”两题正确率次高,分别为85.9%和80.8%;“我国筛查覆盖面较广的癌症包括哪些”“我国常见的癌症包括哪些”两题正确率最低,分别为5.6%和8.5%;“癌症治疗的主要措施包括哪些”“哪些因素可导致罹患癌症的风险增高”两题的知晓率次低,分别为16.9%和18.6%。18~39年龄组癌症防治知识得分高于40~59年龄组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.010）。结论：凉山两社区居民癌防知识知晓率低于四川省其他地区,40~59岁组人群是重点人群。鉴于该地区经济、卫生的脆弱性,应把其作为国、省癌防的重点地区,针对重点人群制定中长期多方式宣传计划;针对薄弱环节改进宣传内容的可及性。     

西宁市回族居民与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况及其影响因素对比

目的：了解西宁市回族与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况并分析其影响因素。方法：采用横断面调查方法,于 2021 年 6 ~ 8 月以西宁市 5 个社区卫生服务中心为调查现场,按照 1∶2 的比例分别选取 245 名回族居民与490名汉族居民。收集调查对象的基本情况、肿瘤预防意识、早发现意识、早诊断意识、早治疗意识以及对肿瘤防治知识的需求等内容,问卷总得分≥ 80% 定义为具有肿瘤防治健康素养。采用 χ2 检验比较汉族与回族居民的肿瘤防治健康素养水平差异,多因素 Logistic 回归模型分析回族与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养的影响因素。结果：西宁市回族居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平低于汉族居民（58.3% vs 66.6%,P < 0.05）。回族居民的早发现、早诊断以及肿瘤防治知识需求意识均低于汉族居民（P < 0.05）。性别是回族与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养的共同影响因素,年龄、职业、患癌风险自评是回族居民健康素养的影响因素,文化程度是汉族居民健康素养的影响因素。结论：西宁市回族居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平低于汉族居民,其早发现、早诊断及肿瘤防治知识需求意识有待提高。应强化肿瘤防治重点内容健康教育,加强低文化水平人群健康教育。     

上海市社区癌症患者生活质量及其影响因素

背景与目的:目前癌症患者生活质量的评价已经成为肿瘤临床研究的终点指标之一,其综合反映了癌症患者的生存、预后和生活状况.本研究试图通过了解上海市社区癌症患者生活质量及其影响因素,探索有针对性的干预措施,评价医疗卫生服务效果.方法:采用整群抽样的方法从上海肿瘤病例数据库中选取社区中7 967例癌症患者进行问卷调查并填写FACT-G自评量表,共回收合格调查表6 694份.统计描述其生活质量的流行病学分布,使用多元线性逐步回归分析数据,确定影响患者生活质量的主要因素.结果:社区癌症患者中,平均生活质量评分为107.62±18.77(95%CI:107.17～108.07).患者生存期、诊断时期别、肿瘤有无转移、治疗状况、体能评分KPS和疼痛VAS评分是生活质量的主要影响因素.结论:早期诊断癌症、提高临床治疗效果、提供社区康复指导与止痛服务对于提高社区癌症患者的生活质量会有帮助.     

健康教育对癌症化疗患者的辅助意义

目的：通过健康教育提高癌症患者进行化疗的信心。方法：2003年1月～2004年12月对在我科住院接受化疗的298人进行不同形式的健康教育。结果：消除了癌症患者对化疗的恐惧心理，主动接受治疗，提高了癌症患者的化疗率，保证了患者多程化疗的顺利完成。结论：健康教育对癌症化疗患者有十分重要的辅助意义。     

射阳县居民癌症防治知识健康教育传播需求调查情况分析

[目的]探讨射阳县居民主要癌症防治知识知晓情况与防治知识健康教育需求。[方法]采用分层随机抽样方法,在全县所有镇20～69岁居民中抽取2296人作为调查对象,采取统一的问卷进行面对面现场调查,内容包括癌症防治知识的获得途径,希望了解的癌症信息,癌症主要危险因素、可疑表现、癌症的可防可治等内容的了解情况。[结果]居民既往和希望获得癌症防治知识的途径均为电视与广播;有70%以上的居民了解预防的重要性和效果,但对于致癌因素特别是不良的生活方式等能够导致癌症认识不足,仅有45.27%认为不合理饮食、16.30%认为肥胖是癌症的主要危险因素;有83.08%希望了解如何预防,63.35%希望了解癌症的表现。[结论]要继续充分发挥电视、广播传播媒介的作用,要以癌症预防与如何早期发现宣传为侧重点,提高居民癌症预防与早期发现能力。     

Health Literacy, Health Communication Challenges, and Cancer Screening Among Rural Native Hawaiian and Filipino Women

Native Hawaiians and Filipinos are disproportionately impacted by cancer and are less likely to participate in cancer screening than whites. Limited information exists about health information pathways and health communication challenges as they relate to cancer screening in these groups. Six focus groups (n?=?77) of Native Hawaiian and Filipino women age 40?+?years were conducted to investigate these research gaps. Participants noted many health information challenges. Challenges were both practical and interpersonal and included both written and oral health communication. Practical challenges included “big” words, complexity of terms, and lack of plain English. Interpersonal issues included doctors rushing, doctors not assessing comprehension, and doctors treating respondents as patients not people. Women noted that they would often not ask questions even when they knew they did not understand because they did not want the provider to think negatively of them. Overarching themes to improve cancer communication gaps included: (1) the importance of family and community in health information dissemination, (2) the key role women play in interpreting health information for others, (3) the importance of personal experience and relationships to the salience of health information, and (4) the desire for local cultural relevance in health communication. Findings are discussed in light of the 2010 National Action Plan for Health Literacy.     

卵巢癌患者心理健康状况调查分析

目的 :探讨卵巢癌患者心理健康状况及其对机体细胞免疫的影响。方法 :采用 90项症状清单、焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表 ,对 52例卵巢癌患者及 50例卵巢良性肿瘤患者进行了心理健康状况测评。所有卵巢癌患者均采用流式细胞法检测了其外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性。结果 :与卵巢良性肿瘤组相比 ,卵巢癌患者精神症状多、焦虑及抑郁程度重 ,伴有中、重度抑郁及焦虑的患者其外周血CD8细胞百分比明显增高、CD4 /CD8值降低、NK细胞活性低下。结论 :大部分卵巢癌患者存在不同程度的精神症状。中、重度的抑郁及焦虑可导致机体细胞免疫功能下降。在对卵巢癌患者进行躯体治疗的同时 ,有必要同时提供心理治疗干预     

Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Mortality Among Residents of Guam

Cancer mortality data collected by the Guam Cancer Registry for the period 1998 through 2002 were analyzedby cancer site, age, and ethnicity. Ethnicity and site specific age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for Guam werecalculated utilizing Guam 2000 census data, the US 2000 standard population and compared to U.S. 2002 ageadjustedcancer mortality rates. Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for ethnic populations represented on Guam,except those of leukemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, were high in relation to other population groups and higherthan U.S. averages. Some highlights include: 1.Chamorros had high age-adjusted mortality rates for mouth andpharynx (247.2 vs. 193.5 U.S.), nasopharynx (9.1 vs. 0.2 U.S.), lung and bronchus (66.9 vs. 54.9 U.S.), colon-rectumanus(28.6 vs. 19.7 U.S.), breast (32.0 vs. 28.0 U.S.) and prostate cancer (40.9 vs. 27.9 U.S.); 2.Chamorros (6.4 vs. 2.5U.S.) and Micronesians (6.3) had high and nearly identical age-adjusted mortality rates for cancer of the mouth andpharynx when nasopharyngeal cancers were excluded; 3.Micronesians had the highest mortality rate for liver cancerover all ethnicities documented (43.5 vs. 4.9 U.S.); 4.Asians had the highest mortality rates for pancreatic (12.5 vs.10.5 U.S.) and cervical cancer (8.5 vs. 2.6 U.S.); 5.Caucasians had the highest mortality rates for leukemia (19.9 vs.7.5 U.S.) and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (17.6 vs. 7.6 U.S.). Suggestions are made for further research on bothexplaining and ameliorating cancer mortality disparities among ethnic groups on Guam.     

Relationship between Health Literacy and Adherence to Recommendations to Undergo Cancer Screening and Health-Related Behaviors among Insured Women in Japan

Background: Health literacy serves as a major barrier to effective preventive health behaviors, such as cancerscreening, and this relationship has not been studied among insured women in Japan. We examined the relationshipbetween health literacy and adherence to recommendations to undergo cancer screening, and health-related behaviors,among Japanese women who were insured by a health insurance society. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectionalobservation study of 670 insured Japanese women. For this, we used a self-administered questionnaire to assessenvironments, self-rated health status, cancer screening behavior, health-related behaviors (dietary behavior, exercisefrequency, alcohol consumption and smoking behavior), and health literacy. Results: Among the participants, 206completed the questionnaire (response rate, 30.7%). Fifty-seven had undergone breast and/or cervical cancer screening.The mean health literacy score was 3.44 (standard deviation = 0.68). In logistic regression models adjusted for age,self-rated economic status, and having a primary care physician, there was no statistically significant relationship betweenhealth literacy and adherence to recommendations to undergo cancer screening, and health-related behaviors. However,age and having a primary care physician were significantly associated with cancer screening and health-related behaviors.Health literacy was not found significantly associated with effective preventive health behaviors. Conclusions: Thepresent study found no statistically significant relationship between health literacy and adherence to recommendationsto undergo cancer screening and health-related behaviors. Rather, cancer screening and health-related behaviors werefound related to medical support from physicians and those their own age. Further study is needed for exploring theseassociations among insured women in Japan.     

Health-Related Information-Seeking Behaviors and Preferences Among Mexican Patients with Cancer

Understanding the preferred sources of health-related information among patients with cancer is essential for designing successful cancer education and prevention strategies. However, little is known about health-related information-seeking practices among patients living in low- and middle-income countries. We studied the preferred sources of health-related information among Mexican patients with cancer and explored which factors influence these choices. The health-related information-seeking practices among patients with cancer treated at a public hospital in Mexico City were evaluated using questions from the Spanish Version of the Health Information National Trends Survey. The characteristics of patients who sought health-related information, and of those who chose the internet as their preferred source of information, were analyzed. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. One hundred forty-eight patients answered the survey (median age 60 years, 70% female), of which 88 (59%) had sought for health-related information. On multivariate analysis, the only characteristic associated with lower odds of seeking health-related information was increasing age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97). Sixty-one respondents (69%) listed the internet as their preferred source of health-related information. On multivariate analysis, only being of the female gender (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.3–18.3) was related with higher odds of preferring other sources of information over the internet. Among Mexican patients with cancer, the Internet is the most widely used information source. Older age was the characteristic most strongly associated with not seeking health-related information, while being female was strongly associated with preferring other sources of information over the Internet.     

广州市社区居民吸烟现状分析

[目的]了解广州市社区居民的吸烟状况,为制定控制吸烟的相应措施提供依据.[方法]在2004年,采用随机抽样入户问卷调查方式,调查广州市越秀区洪桥街和东风街20～60岁居民1006名.[结果]人群吸烟率为28.4%,男性吸烟率为52.2%,女性为6.5%;61.9%吸烟者在20岁以前开始吸烟;吸烟率随年龄增长而增高;文化程度低者吸烟率较高;运输业人员吸烟率最高;大部分吸烟者通常在家里、工作场所或娱乐场所吸烟;受访者对吸烟可能引起的呼吸系统以外的疾病认知不足;大多数认为从公共传媒获得吸烟危害健康的知识.[结论]吸烟仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题,须加强宣传教育,动员全社会力量,控制吸烟,以减少烟草对健康的危害.     

Breast Cancer Disparities Among Women in Underserved Communities in the USA

Purpose of Review

Breast cancer disparities that exist between high-income countries (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are also reflected within population subgroups throughout the United States (US). Here we examine three case studies of US populations “left behind” in breast cancer outcomes/equity.

Recent Findings

African Americans in Chicago, non-Latina White women in Appalachia, and Latinas in the Yakima Valley of Washington State all experience a myriad of factors that contribute to lower rates of breast cancer detection and appropriate treatment as well as poorer survival. These factors, related to the social determinants of health, including geographic isolation, lack of availability of care, and personal constraints, can be addressed with interventions at multiple levels.

Summary

Although HICs have reduced mortality of breast cancer compared to LMICs, there remain inequities in the US healthcare system. Concerted efforts are needed to ensure that all women have access to equitable screening, detection, treatment, and survivorship resources.