3-溴丙酮酸增强人鼻咽癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用及机制研究

目的探讨3-溴丙酮酸（3-BrPA）增强人鼻咽癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用及作用机制。方法MTT法检测3-BrPA和顺铂对鼻咽癌HNE1细胞增殖的影响。集落克隆形成实验观察3-BrPA和顺铂对HNE1细胞克隆形成能力的影响。线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒分析细胞早期凋亡情况。DAPI荧光染色法检测细胞核形态变化。AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率的变化。ATP检测试剂盒测定细胞内ATP水平的变化。Western blotting检测Bcl-2、Bax、Mcl-1、Bak蛋白的表达。结果3-BrPA（20、40、80、160、320 μmol/L）、顺铂（2、4、8、16、32 μmol/L）以及80 μmol/L 3-BrPA联合不同浓度顺铂都能明显抑制HNE1细胞的体外增殖活性,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。8 μmol/L 3-BrPA+0.8 μmol/L顺铂组细胞集落数明显低于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组（P < 0.01）。80 μmol/L 3-BrPA+8 μmol/L顺铂组细胞红色荧光向绿色荧光转变明显;细胞核碎裂及核固缩明显增加;细胞凋亡率明显高于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组（P < 0.01）;细胞内ATP水平明显低于3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组（P < 0.01）;Bcl-2、Mcl-1蛋白的表达降低,Bax、Bak蛋白的表达增高,与3-BrPA、顺铂单独处理组及对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。结论3-BrPA能诱导HNE1细胞凋亡,并能增强HNE1细胞对顺铂的敏感性,其机制可能与降低细胞内ATP水平以及下调Mcl-1和Bcl-2表达、上调Bak和Bax蛋白的表达有关。     

抑制单羧酸转运蛋白1可增强鼻咽癌细胞HNE1/DDP对顺铂诱导凋亡的敏感性

目的 探讨siRNA沉默单羧酸转运蛋白1(MCT1)增强鼻咽癌细胞HNE1/DDP对顺铂诱导凋亡的敏感性及其可能机制.方法 Western blot检测HNE1和HNE1/DDP细胞中MCT1的表达及siRNA转染沉默MCT1在HNE1/DDP细胞中MCT1的表达;MTT法检测不同浓度顺铂和MCT1 siRNA联合顺铂对HNE1/DDP细胞的增殖抑制作用;PI单染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒(JC-1)检测细胞线粒体膜电位;Western blot检测Mcl-1、Bak、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达.结果 MCT1在HNE1/DDP细胞中高表达,抑制MCT1的表达可增加HNE1/DDP细胞对顺铂的敏感性(P<0.05),部分逆转鼻咽癌细胞对顺铂的耐药.此外,抑制MCT1的表达可增强HNE1/DDP细胞对顺铂诱导凋亡的作用,MCT1 siRNA与8μmol/L顺铂联合作用于HNE1/DDP细胞24 h的凋亡率为(51.23±2.86)%,较单用MCT1 siRNA、顺铂的凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05).同时使细胞线粒体膜电位降低,下调Mcl-1、Bcl-2的表达和上调Bax的表达.结论 抑制MCT1的表达可增强鼻咽癌HNE1/DDP细胞对顺铂诱导凋亡的敏感性,其机制可能与下调Mcl-1、Bcl-2和上调Bax有关.     

抑制miR-23a表达增强卵巢癌顺铂敏感性的分子机制

目的分析抑制miR-23a表达后,耐药卵巢癌A2780细胞对化疗药物顺铂的敏感性变化及其分子机制。方法选择顺铂耐
药卵巢癌A2780细胞株为研究样本,并分为两组,其中对照组仅加入顺铂,实验组加入顺铂及antagomir-23a。应用MTT法检测
antagomir-23a抑制miR-23a并经顺铂处理后细胞增殖抑制率;应用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期分布情况;应用Hoechst33258染色
分析细胞凋亡形态学变化;应用Western blot法分析耐药糖蛋白P-gp的表达变化。结果抑制miR-23a并经顺铂处理后,细胞增
殖抑制率显著上升（P<0.01）,顺铂中效浓度（IC50）为17.89 μmol/L,比对照组IC50 110.18 μmol/L降低了83.76%（P<0.01）,细胞被
阻滞于G0/G1期且凋亡率增加（P<0.01）;Hoechst33258染色见细胞核浓缩、染色增强。Western blot检测提示细胞P-gp蛋白表
达随着顺铂浓度加大而逐渐减低（P<0.01）。结论抑制耐药卵巢癌A2780细胞内miR-23a表达后,细胞对顺铂的敏感性显著增
加,这可能miR-23a靶基因负性调控因素得以缓解,并由此引发P-gp蛋白表达受抑有关。
     

微RNA-4286靶向核输出蛋白1调控非小细胞肺癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性

目的 探究miR-4286对非小细胞肺癌细胞的顺铂（DDP）敏感性的调节作用及初步机制。方法 采用qRT-PCR法检测A549细胞和A549顺铂耐药细胞（A549/DDP）中miR-4286的表达水平;采用miR-4286模拟物和抑制剂成功构建miR-4286的过表达和低表达细胞模型,分为4组：模拟物阴性对照组、miR-4286模拟物组、抑制剂阴性对照组和miR-4286抑制剂组;采用CCK-8法、平板克隆法和流式细胞术等方法检测改变miR-4286后非小细胞肺癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性的改变;采用TargetScan、qRT-PCR法和蛋白印迹法检测miR-4286和核输出蛋白1（XPO1）的靶向关系;采用蛋白印迹法检测在顺铂的作用下改变miR-4286后非小细胞肺癌细胞的凋亡蛋白表达量的改变。结果 miR-4286在A549细胞中的表达高于A549/DDP细胞（P<0.01）。在0~2g/ml顺铂的作用下,过表达miR-4286后A549细胞增殖率降低、凋亡率和对顺铂的敏感性增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）;低表达miR-4286后结果与之相反（P<0.05或P<0.01）。过表达miR-4286后,A549细胞中XPO1的mRNA和蛋白量表达减少,低表达miR-4286后结果与之相反（P<0.05或P<0.01）。在顺铂作用下,下调miR-4286抑制A549细胞凋亡蛋白的表达,同时也下调XPO1能负调控这一作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 miR-4286能靶向XPO1调控非小细胞肺癌A549细胞对顺铂的敏感性,其机制可能与细胞的凋亡通路相关。     

3-溴丙酮酸联合顺铂抑制肺癌细胞株A549的生长

目的 探讨3-溴丙酮酸(3-bromopyruvate,3-BrPA)联合顺铂体外抗肺癌A549细胞的作用及其可能机制.方法 采用CCK-8检测不同浓度的3-BrPA、顺铂单用及联用对A549细胞的增殖抑制;选择低于半数抑制浓度(IC50)的40 μmol/L 3-BrPA与1 mg/L顺铂单独和联合作用A549细胞48 h后,用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;不同浓度的3-BrPA作用A549细胞48 h后,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化,己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)活性检测试剂盒检测3-BrPA对细胞内HK活性的影响.结果 CCK-8结果显示,与阴性对照组比较,3-BrPA浓度大于20 μmol/L时对A549细胞有明显抑制作用(P＜0.01),与单用顺铂组比较,3-BrPA联合顺铂组可显著增强顺铂对A549细胞的毒性作用(P＜0.01);3-BrPA作用A549细胞48 h后,倒置显微镜观察到3-BrPA组大多数细胞出现凋亡,而联合用药组细胞凋亡更加明显,部分区域出现细胞碎片等坏死征象;流式细胞术结果显示,3-BrPA和顺铂单用组及联合用药组细胞凋亡率均明显高于阴性对照组(P＜0.01),且联合用药组细胞凋亡率明显高于单独用药组(P＜0.01);细胞周期检测结果显示3-BrPA可将A549细胞阻滞于G1期;HK活性结果显示:与阴性对照组比较,3-BrPA组HK活性明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 3-BrPA有抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡的作用,且与顺铂具有协同抗肺癌A549细胞增殖作用,其机制可能为抑制肺癌细胞糖酵解,进而影响肺癌细胞能量代谢.     

槲皮素联合顺铂对人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的探讨槲皮素单独及联合顺铂对人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞增殖与凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法选取对数生长期的卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞作为研究对象,实验分6组:阴性对照组(生理盐水),槲皮素低(25μmol/L)、中(50μmol/L)、高剂量组(100μmol/L),顺铂组(10μmol/L),联合组(槲皮素50μmol/L+顺铂10μmol/L)。采用MTT法检测不同浓度槲皮素单独及联合顺铂对SKOV-3细胞的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布及细胞凋亡率;免疫细胞化学法检测槲皮素作用于SKOV-3细胞Bcl-2及MtP53蛋白表达水平的变化。结果与阴性对照组相比,槲皮素可明显抑制SKOV-3细胞的增殖,并具有显著的时间和剂量依赖关系,槲皮素高剂量组在72 h的抑制率可达63.49%(P<0.05);流式细胞仪分析发现槲皮素可使G0/G1期细胞明显增多,S期细胞明显减少(P<0.05),提示其将细胞周期阻滞于G1期;槲皮素还可明显诱导SKOV-3细胞凋亡,高剂量组的凋亡率可达29.51%;槲皮素作用后,Bcl-2及MtP53表达则明显降低(P<0.05)。结论槲皮素在体外可抑制SKOV-3细胞增殖,阻滞细胞周期,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能与降低凋亡相关蛋白MtP53和Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平有关;槲皮素与顺铂联用有协同作用。     

过表达PDCD5对人胃癌BGC823细胞增殖活性的影响

目的通过体外实验研究过表达程序性细胞死亡5(PDCD5)因子对人胃癌BGC823细胞增殖抑制和顺铂敏感性的影响,探讨PDCD5因子与顺铂联合治疗胃癌的可行性。方法采用MTT法检测顺铂对实验组(过表达PDCD5)、阴性对照组(转染空载体)和BGC823细胞组的增殖抑制作用,荧光观察吖啶橙染色的各组细胞形态学变化,流式细胞仪检测顺铂对咅组细胞凋亡率和细胞周期的影响。结果顺铂对BGCS23细胞的生长有抑制作用,且呈时间-剂量依赖性,48 h顺铂抑制实验组、阴性对照组和BGC823细胞组的IC50分别为(14.25±1.68)、(20.85±2.01)和(22.03±1.85)μmol/L,实验组显著低于BGC823细胞组和阴性对照组(t=2.765,2.903;P0.05);16μmol/L顺铂作用实验组细胞48h,可诱导其产生明显的细胞凋亡特征,将细胞阻滞在G2/M期;实验组G2/M期细胞[(42.98±2.34)%]显著高于BGC823细胞组[(23.96±1.51)%]和阴性对照组[(2497±1.82)%],差异具有统计学意义(F=77.45d,P0.05);实验组G0/G1期细胞[(31.13±2.01)%]较BGC823细胞[(49.53±2.87)%]和阴性对照组[(47.58±1.86)%]显著下降(F=98.973,P0.05)。结论过表达PDCD5因子可以增强BGC823细胞对顺铂的敏感性,促进细胞凋亡。     

下调miR 221 5p靶向ALDH1A2基因增强鼻咽癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性

【摘要】目的 研究miR 221 5p对鼻咽癌细胞增殖、凋亡和顺铂敏感性的影响及潜在作用机制。方法 以人鼻咽上皮细胞NP69为对照组(NP69组),qRT PCR和Western blot检测鼻咽癌细胞系SUNE1、HNE1和CNE2中ALDH1A2 mRNA和miR 221 5p的表达,然后在SUNE1细胞中抑制miR 221 5p 表达和过表达ALDH1A2确定两者对细胞的影响。MTT法测定SUNE1细胞存活率和对顺铂的敏感性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞中ALDH1A2、CyclinD1、Cleave caspase 3和MRP1蛋白表达,双荧光素酶报告系统验证miR 221 5p和ALDH1A2的调控关系。结果 与NP69组相比,在鼻咽癌细胞SUNE1、HNE1和CNE2中,miR 221 5p高表达,ALDH1A2低表达;低表达miR 221 5p和高表达ALDH1A2均可抑制鼻咽癌细胞SUNE1增殖,诱导凋亡,增强对顺铂的敏感性;miR 221 5p靶向负调控ALDH1A2的表达;低表达ALDH1A2可部分逆转miR 221 5p低表达对SUNE1细胞增殖、凋亡以及顺铂敏感性的影响。结论 下调miR 221 5p可靶向促进ALDH1A2表达增强鼻咽癌SUNE1 细胞的顺铂敏感性,抑制癌细胞增殖并诱导凋亡;miR 221 5p有望成为鼻咽癌顺铂的增敏靶点。     

3-溴丙酮酸增强肝癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用

目的探讨3-溴丙酮酸（3-BP）增强肝癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用及其可能机制。方法MTT法检测3-BP、顺铂对HepG2、
SMMC7721细胞的增殖抑制作用。选择低于半数抑制浓度（IC50）的100 μmol/L的3-BP和8 μmol/L的顺铂单独或联合处理细
胞,PI 单染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,caspase 3 活性检测试剂盒测定caspase-3 的活性变化,ATP检测试剂盒测定细胞内ATP
水平,Western blot 检测XIAP、PARP蛋白的表达。结果3-BP 在50~400 μmol/L 浓度范围内对HepG2、SMMC7721 细胞具有
明显的增殖抑制作用（P<0.01）,作用48 h 的IC50分别为238.9±13.9 μmol/L、278.7±11.7 μmol/L;顺铂在2~32 μmol/L 浓度范围
内对HepG2、SMMC7721细胞具有明显的增殖抑制作用（P<0.01）,作用48 h的IC50分别为16.4±0.9 μmol/L、20.9±1.8 μmol/L。
100 μmol/L 3-BP与8 μmol/L顺铂联合作用于HepG2、SMMC7721细胞48 h 的增殖抑制率分别为（60.6±2.2）%、（56.8±2.3）%,明
显高于对照组和单独用药组（P<0.01）。100 μmol/L 3-BP与8 μmol/L顺铂联合作用于HepG2、SMMC7721细胞48 h 的凋亡率
分别为（51.1±4.3）%、（46.5±3.9）%,较单用3-BP、顺铂的凋亡率明显提高（P<0.01）。结论3-BP 能增强肝癌细胞HepG2、
SMMC7721对顺铂诱导的凋亡的敏感性,其机制可能是通过引起细胞内ATP缺乏、下调XIAP蛋白的表达以及增加caspase-3的
活性。     

下调Pannexin2通道能增强顺铂诱导睾丸癌（I-10）细胞凋亡

目的 探讨Pannexin2（Panx-2）蛋白在睾丸癌细胞中的表达水平以及干扰Panx-2表达对顺铂诱导睾丸癌（I-10）细胞凋亡的影响。方法 免疫印迹法Panx-2蛋白在睾丸癌细胞中的表达水平；以睾丸癌I-10细胞株为研究对象，实验分为转染试剂对照组（mork组）、阴性对照质粒组（NC组）、干扰Panx-2组（shRNA1质粒组和shRNA2质粒组），采用免疫印迹法验证Panx-2的表达；在转染细胞中添加16 μmol/L的顺铂诱导细胞死亡，通过MTT法分别检测细胞在24、48、72 h的存活率，集落克隆法检测细胞的集落形成能力；在顺铂（16 μmol/L）处理8 h后，采用AnnexinV/PI双染法检测细胞的早期凋亡；在顺铂（16 μmol/L）作用24 h后， 免疫印迹法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白caspase 3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平。结果 与I-10细胞和Tcam-2细胞相比，I-10/DDP细胞（P< 0.001）和Tcam-2/DDP细胞（P<0.01）中Panx-2的表达显著增加；干扰Panx-2基因后，免疫印迹结果显示，与NC组相比，shRNA1和shRNA2组中Panx-2的表达量下降（P<0.05）；MTT法显示shRNA1和shRNA2组细胞的存活率均低于NC组（P<0.001）；在含顺铂培养基的培养下，集落克隆法显示shRNA1和shRNA2组细胞的集落形成能力低于NC组（P<0.001）；AnnexinV/PI双染法显示shRNA1和shRNA2组的早期凋亡率（P<0.01）均低于NC组；免疫印迹结果显示，与NC组相比，shRNA1和shRNA2组中凋亡相关蛋白caspase 3表达升高（P<0.05），Bcl-2表达降低（P<0.01），Bax表达升高（P<0.05）。结论 下调Pannexin2通道能增强顺铂诱导睾丸癌（I-10）细胞凋亡。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.