经前三剂止痛方治疗实验性痛经模型大鼠作用机制研究

[目的]考察临床经验方剂经前三剂止痛方(JQF)对痛经模型大鼠子宫前列腺素和雌激素、孕激素的调节作用,探讨其治疗痛经的作用机制。[方法]复制大鼠痛经模型,以西药阿司匹林作对照药,实验各组给予不同剂量的JQF后,采用放免法对照考察药物对子宫组织前列腺素F2α(PGF2α)、前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)、血栓素B₂(TXB₂)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)、雌激素(E₂)和孕激素(P)含量变化的影响。[结果]与模型组比较,JQF高剂量组PGF2α含量显著性下降(P<0.01),PGE₂含量显著上升(P<0.01),PGF2α/PGE₂减小;TXB₂含量显著性下降(P<0.01),TXB₂/6-keto-PGF1α值减小(P<0.01);雌激素水平显著下降,孕激素水平升高。[结论]JQF能够有效调节痛经模型大鼠子宫组织中前列腺素和雌激素、孕激素水平,从而抑制子宫平滑肌收缩,降低子宫平滑肌紧张度,可能是其治疗痛经的作用机制。     

黄芪多糖对脂多糖诱导大鼠心肌细胞肥大的保护作用

目的 研究黄芪多糖对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠心肌细胞肥大的保护作用。方法 新生1～2 d的SD大鼠心肌细胞培养48 h后,设对照组,模型组,黄芪多糖低、中、高质量浓度（1、10、100 mg/L）组。计算机图像分析系统测量细胞体积;RT-PCR法检测心房利钠多肽（ANP）mRNA的表达;ELISA法检测细胞肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）的量;采用Fluo-3/Am荧光染色剂负载细胞,在激光共聚焦显微镜下测定细胞内钙离子浓度（[Ca²⁺]_i）的瞬间变化。结果 与对照组相比,LPS 1 mg/L可使心肌细胞体积显著增大,ANP mRNA的表达显著增强,细胞分泌TNF-α蛋白的量显著增加,心肌细胞内[Ca²⁺]_i瞬间峰值增大（P＜0.01）。与模型组相比,黄芪多糖1、10、100 mg/L预先给药均可抑制心肌细胞体积增大;细胞产生的TNF-α显著减少,ANP mRNA的表达不同程度地减少（P＜0.05）,其中10、100 mg/L组这两项指标可恢复到对照组的水平（P＞0.05）;黄芪多糖 10 mg/L可拮抗LPS对正常心肌细胞内[Ca²⁺]_i瞬间变化幅度增大的作用（P＜0.01）。结论 黄芪多糖对LPS诱导的乳鼠心肌细胞肥大有良好的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制TNF-α的产生、降低[Ca²⁺]_i有关。     

新型三唑类化合物Ⅱ3的镇痛作用及对环氧酶活性的影响

目的： 研究化合物Ⅱ₃的镇痛作用及其对环氧酶-1(COX-1)和环氧酶-2(COX-2)活性的影响。方法： 采用小鼠热板实验和扭体实验研究化合物Ⅱ₃的镇痛作用;利用放免法测定巨噬细胞中PGE_{2的含量,考察化合物Ⅱ3对COX-2活性的影响;测定内皮细胞中6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)含量,考察化合物Ⅱ3对COX-1活性的影响。结果： 化合物Ⅱ3高、中、低3个剂量组均可以延长小鼠的热痛阈值,延长造模后小鼠第一次出现扭体反应的时间并减少15 min内扭体反应出现的次数(P<0.05,P<0.01);在1×10^-5,1×10^-6,1×10^-7 mol/L浓度时均能抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞PGE2的生成, 1×10^-6 mol/L浓度显著地抑制生成后的COX-2活性,在相同浓度下对新生小牛胸主动脉内皮细胞6-keto-PGF1α生成的抑制作用相对较弱。结论： 化合物Ⅱ3具有一定的镇痛作用,而且对COX-2具有选择性抑制作用。}     

海带多糖对心理应激大鼠血管舒张功能的保护作用

目的 探讨海带多糖对心理应激大鼠血管舒张功能的保护作用及相关机制。方法 采用愤怒心理应激的方法制备血管内皮损伤大鼠模型,实验分为对照组、模型组、海带多糖低和高剂量组及低分子肝素组。造模后取血,采用ELISA法检测血浆肾上腺素（Adr）水平、血管性血友病因子（vWF）水平,采用放射免疫化学法检测血浆皮质醇、6-酮-前列腺素F_1α（6-keto-PGF_1α）的水平,采用化学法检测血浆NO水平。取血后,制备大鼠血管环,观察各组大鼠血管环对累计浓度乙酰胆碱（Ach）的内皮依赖性舒张反应。结果 与对照组比较,模型组、海带多糖组和低分子肝素组血浆皮质醇和Adr水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;海带多糖高剂量组血浆vWF水平与模型组比较明显降低（P＜0.05）;海带多糖高剂量组血浆NO水平与模型组比较显著升高（P＜0.05）;海带多糖组血浆6-keto-PGF_1α水平与模型组比较显著升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,海带多糖高剂量组血管舒张反应明显增强（P＜0.05）。结论 海带多糖对心理应激大鼠血管舒张功能具有一定的保护作用。     

六味地黄方抑制草酸钙结石形成的实验研究

目的 探讨六味地黄方体内外对草酸钙结石形成的影响。方法 采用种晶技术检测六味地黄方不同质量浓度（20、10、5、1 mg/mL）在体外对(Coo)₂Ca?H₂O晶体生长的抑制指数。60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,对照组,模型组,阳性对照组,六味地黄方高、中、低剂量（0.8、0.4、0.2 g/kg）组。饲养4周后,检测各组大鼠血生化指标,24 h尿草酸量,Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋分泌量和肾组织Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋水平。镜下观察各组大鼠肾组织切片中草酸钙结晶分布及组织病理改变。结果 体外实验中,20、10、5 mg/mL六味地黄方对结晶生长抑制指数分别为98.50%、89.20%、43.94%,明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。体内实验,六味地黄方高剂量组大鼠血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（SCr）水平,肾Ca^2＋水平,24 h尿Ca^2＋分泌量及肾组织草酸钙结晶沉积均低于模型组与阳性对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 六味地黄方具有抑制草酸钙结石形成的作用,并且其抑制效果优于枸橼酸钾。     

针刺对局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马神经元细胞[Ca2+]i的影响

[目的]研究脑缺血不同时点大鼠海马神经元内游离Ca²⁺浓度[Ca²⁺]_i及醒脑开窍针刺对其影响,探讨醒脑开窍针刺法早期干预对脑缺血的治疗作用。[方法]建立大脑中动脉所致局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)模型,采用醒脑开窍针刺法治疗,采用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术动态观察脑组织海马CA1区锥体细胞[Ca²⁺]_i在不同时间点的变化。[结果]与正常组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠脑组织海马CA1区锥体细胞内游离[Ca²⁺]_i(以细胞内Ca²⁺相对荧光强度表示)在局灶性脑缺血1 h时升高,持续升高至缺血24 h时(P<0.05)。假手术组与正常组相比[,Ca²⁺]_i变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相应时间点非穴位针刺组与模型组[Ca²⁺]_i比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在相应时间点,醒脑开窍针刺组[Ca²⁺]_i低于模型组(P<0.01)。[结论]急性局灶性脑缺血后大鼠海马神经细胞[Ca²⁺]_i随缺血时间的延长而持续升高,提示细胞内钙超载;醒脑开窍针刺组能有效调节缺血区的[Ca²⁺]_i,提示在缺血后针刺治疗效果越早越好,为临床及早应用针刺治疗缺血性脑血管病提供了理论依据。     

丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA对家兔动脉粥样硬化模型内皮细胞功能的影响

[目的]探讨丹参水溶性成分丹酚酸B和脂溶性成分丹参酮ⅡA对家兔动脉粥样硬化模型内皮细胞功能的影响,以寻找其作用靶点。[方法]复制家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,放射性免疫方法检测血浆血栓素(TXB₂)、6酮前列腺素F_1α(6-keto-PGF_1α)、内皮素(ET)浓度,观察丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA对内皮细胞功能的影响。[结果]丹酚酸B能够减少动脉粥样硬化家兔血浆TXB₂、ET浓度,增加6-keto-PGF_1α浓度,丹参酮ⅡA对动脉粥样硬化家兔血浆TXB₂、6-ke-to-PGF_1α、ET没有明显影响。[结论]丹参水溶性成分与脂溶性成分在治疗动脉粥样硬化过程中作用靶点及机制不同。     

银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液对离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

[目的]研究银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液（DGMI）对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并探讨其机制。[方法]取120只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、DGMI低（1.5 mg/kg）、中（3 mg/kg）、高（6 mg/kg）剂量组和维拉帕米2.5 mg/kg组（阳性药物对照组）,各20只;手术前2 h,腹腔注射给药,正常对照组和模型组同步给予生理盐水。采用Langendorff灌流系统建立离体心脏灌注模型,正常对照组持续灌注Krebs-Henseleit液（K-H液）,模型组、DGMI各剂量组和维拉帕米组平衡灌注20 min后停灌30 min、再灌注60 min后行各指标检测。测定冠脉流出液心肌酶活性;2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色测定心脏组织梗死面积,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察心脏组织病变;测定血流动力学指标;测定心肌组织中抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量;测定心肌组织ATPase活力。[结果]与模型组比较,DGMI中、高剂量组和维拉帕米2.5 mg/kg组大鼠血清心肌酶谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶MB同工酶（CK-MB）活性均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;心脏组织梗死面积显著降低（P<0.01）,心脏组织病变明显改善;明显改善血流动力学指标：心率（HR）、左室收缩压（LVSP）、左室收缩压最大上升速率（+dP/dt_max）、左室舒张压最大下降速率（-dP/dt_min）均显著升高且左室舒张末压（LVEDP）显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）]活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;Na⁺-ATPase、Ca²⁺-ATPase酶活力显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。[结论]DGMI可能通过改善血液流变学、降低氧化应激损伤、改善ATPase活力而对大鼠离体心脏表现出一定的保护作用。     

Guattegaumerine的神经细胞保护及细胞内钙调节作用

目的 探讨guattegaumerine（Gua）对H₂O₂合并血清剥夺诱导的培养大鼠神经细胞的保护作用,以及对H₂O₂、KCl诱导的大鼠皮质神经元内钙超载和缓激肽诱导的人神经母细胞瘤细胞（SH-SY5Y）内钙超载的影响。方法 H₂O₂合并血清剥夺诱导培养大鼠皮质神经元损伤,Hoechst33258染色法检测Gua对细胞凋亡的影响;钙荧光探针Furo-2/AM标记细胞,荧光显微图像分析系统和双荧光波长分光光度计检测Gua对细胞内钙浓度的影响。结果 Gua能显著抑制H₂O₂导致的神经元凋亡、H₂O₂和KCl引起的培养皮质神经细胞 [Ca²⁺]_i升高（P＜0.05）和缓激肽所诱导的培养人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y [Ca²⁺]_i升高（P＜0.01）。结论 Gua具有一定的神经细胞保护作用,该作用可能与其抑制细胞外钙内流及内质网内钙释放有关。     

大豆异黄酮抗衰老作用研究

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮 (soybean isoflavon, SI) 抗衰老的作用及其机制。方法 体内实验以 D-半乳糖 (D-gal) 120 mg/kg 颈背部 sc 6 周,构建大鼠衰老模型,次日以 ig 方式给予 SI 100、200、400 mg/kg,连续 6 周。通过 Morris 水迷宫观察大鼠学习记忆能力的改变;分光光度法检测脑组织中丙二醛 (MDA) 水平、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性、Na⁺,K⁺-ATP 酶和 Ca²⁺-ATP 酶活性;酶标仪检测血清中 NO 活性。体外实验建立 H₂O₂ 致 PC12 细胞损伤模型,给予 0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/mL SI 干预,采用 MTT 比色法测定细胞存活率,酶标仪检测细胞上清中 NO 活性,Western blotting 检测各组 PC12 细胞 Bcl-2 蛋白的表达。结果 SI 中、高剂量可改善 D-gal 致衰老大鼠的学习记忆能力,增强脑组织中 SOD、Na⁺, K⁺-ATP 酶和 Ca²⁺-ATP 酶活性,降低血清中 NO 的量,SI 低、中、高剂量降低大鼠脑组织中 MDA 水平,同模型组比较有统计学差异 (P＜0.05、0.01)。SI (1.0、2.0 mg/mL) 可抑制 H₂O₂ 致 PC12 细胞氧化损伤及 NO 的增多,与模型组比较具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05);SI 可增加 Bcl-2 蛋白表达。结论 SI 可通过抗氧化作用、降低 NO 水平及上调 Bcl-2 蛋白表达,起到抗衰老作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.