HPLC-DAD同时测定益心通胶囊中6种活性成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定益心通胶囊中葛根素、龙胆苦苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、丹酚酸B和丹皮酚6种活性成分含量的方法。方法 采用XSELECT^TM HSS C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.2%磷酸水溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;柱温：30℃;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长：阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷和丹酚酸B为220 nm,葛根素为250 nm,龙胆苦苷和丹皮酚为275 nm。结果 葛根素、龙胆苦苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、丹酚酸B和丹皮酚的线性范围分别为7.56~113.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）,4.36~65.4μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）,1.18~17.7 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）,1.90~28.5 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）,4.48~67.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）和11.7~175.5 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）,平均加样回收率分别为98.7%,97.8%,97.6%,98.6%,99.0%,98.7%,RSD分别为1.0%,1.3%,1.4%,1.1%,1.2%,1.3%。结论 本法专属性强,结果准确,重现性好,可用于益心通胶囊的质量控制。     

UHPLC测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分含量及化学模式分析

目的 建立UHPLC波长切换法同时测定芎菊上清丸中9种成分的含量方法。方法 采用Agilent Ecilipse C₁₈（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6 μm）色谱柱,流动相：甲醇-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL·min^-1;检测波长：327,237,320,345,278,254 nm;柱温30℃;进样量2 μL;并采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对含量测定结果进行主成分分析与聚类分析。结果 绿原酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、栀子苷、甘草苷、阿魏酸、盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷线性范围分别为4.30~68.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）、6.66~106.56 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、7.67~122.72 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、4.88~78.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、2.37~37.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、6.50~103.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、8.85~141.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 4）、0.88~14.08 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、0.74~11.92 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）;平均加样回收率（n=9）均在99.42%~103.10%,RSD均<2.0%。主成分分析与聚类分析均可将不同生产厂家的芎菊上清丸很好地分类,且分类结果一致。结论 所建立的多成分方法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于芎菊上清丸的质量控制。     

HPLC同时测定通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的含量

目的 建立通脉颗粒中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸和葛根素的HPLC测定方法。方法 采用Welch Ultimate XD-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,双波长检测（282,305 nm）,柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL·min^-1。结果 丹参素、丹酚酸B、原儿茶醛、葛根素和阿魏酸的线性范围分别为3.117~62.33 μg·mL^-1（r=0.998 7）,4.044~80.88 μg·mL^-1（r=0.9985）,1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.997 9）,7.964~159.3 μg·mL^-1（r=0.992 8）,1.980~39.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）;平均回收率分别为101.6%（RSD=1.62%）,99.7%（RSD=1.76%）,97.4%（RSD=1.19%）,99.9%（RSD=1.52%）,102.2%（RSD=1.56%）。结论 该方法操作简便、快速,结果准确,可用于通脉颗粒的质量控制。     

HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定参苏宣肺丸中的6种成分

目的 建立HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定参苏宣肺丸中咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的含量。方法 采用ZOBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相A为甲醇-乙腈（1：1）,流动相B为0.1%冰醋酸溶液,进行梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;咖啡酸和迷迭香酸的检测波长为320 nm,3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素和大豆苷的检测波长为250 nm;进样量为20 μL。结果 咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、3’-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3’-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的浓度与峰面积分别在2.32~46.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、3.06~61.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、4.45~89.00 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、14.48~289.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、4.86~97.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、3.69~73.80 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）内具有较好的线性关系,平均加样回收率和相应的RSD分别为99.0%（1.6%）,97.5%（0.6%）,99.3%（0.9%）,98.6%（1.3%）,97.6%（1.3%）,97.0%（0.9%）。结论 方法操作准确、简便,可用于参苏宣肺丸的质量控制。     

HPLC测定绞股蓝中七叶胆苷XLVI和人参皂苷Rb3含量

目的 建立HPLC测定绞股蓝中七叶胆苷XLVI和人参皂苷Rb₃含量的方法。方法 采用Ultimate XB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），以乙腈（A）-水（B）线性梯度洗脱，检测波长203 nm，流速1 mL·min^-1，柱温30℃。结果 七叶胆苷XLVI在3.30~39.62 μg·mL^-1范围内线性良好（r²=0.999 7），平均回收率为113%，RSD为1.84%；人参皂苷Rb₃在3.27~39.26 μg·mL^-1范围内线性良好（r²=0.999 7），平均回收率为102%，RSD为2.82%。结论 该方法有较好的分离效果，准确性、精密度和重复性良好，为绞股蓝的研究和质量控制提供了科学依据。     

HPLC测定异维A酸有关物质

目的 建立HPLC测定异维A酸有关物质的方法。方法 色谱柱为NUCLEOSIL 100-3 C₁₈（4.6 mm×150 mm,3 μm）,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸（770：225：5）为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温为25℃,检测波长为355 nm。结果 异维A酸峰与杂质H、I、维A酸、强制降解杂质峰分离良好;异维A酸、杂质H、I和维A酸的线性范围分别为0.000 545 5~21.82 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,0.002 856~7.14 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）,0.002 789~6.97 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.017 07~22.76 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）;检测限分别为0.27,0.60,0.65,5.50 ng·mL^-1,定量限分别为0.55,2.85,2.80,17.00 ng·mL^-1;杂质H、I和维A酸的平均回收率分别为101.57%,102.02%,101.03%,RSD分别为0.5%,0.8%,1.5%。结论 建立的HPLC方法准确、专属性强,可用于异维A酸有关物质的测定。     

HPLC-DAD-ELSD串联法同时测定肾康灵颗粒中黄芪甲苷、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷的含量

目的 建立肾康灵颗粒中黄芪甲苷、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷的含量测定方法，为肾康灵颗粒的质量控制提供参考。方法 采用HPLC-DAD-ELSD串联法同时测定制剂中黄芪甲苷、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷3种指标性成分的含量，色谱柱为Agilent EC-C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）；流动相为乙腈-水溶液，梯度洗脱，流速1.0 mL·min^-1；检测波长为210 nm，柱温为30℃；蒸发光散射检测器（ELSD）漂移管温度为80℃；载气流量1.5 L·min^-1。结果 黄芪甲苷、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷分离度良好；分别在22.82~456.3 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、17.83~356.6 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、11.36~227.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）内线性关系良好；平均回收率分别为100.39%（RSD=1.0%）、100.79%（RSD=1.2%）、100.07%（RSD=0.43%）（n=9）。结论 该法可同时定量分析3种指标性成分的含量，操作快速、准确、精密度高且重复性好，可用于肾康灵颗粒内在质量的有效评价。     

HPLC同时测定半夏糖浆中琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷3种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC同时测定半夏糖浆中琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷3种成分的含量。方法 采用C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）,以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液（18：82）为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长207 nm,柱温为常温。结果 3种待测成分分离度良好,阴性无干扰;3个成分线性范围分别为4.727~118.17 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,2.474~61.857 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）,2.469~61.725 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）;琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷平均回收率（n=9）分别为100.8%,99.3%,100.2%,RSD分别为1.3%,1.2%,1.8%,3批中琥珀酸、橙皮苷、甘草苷含量范围分别为0.072 2~0.079 4、0.029 9~0.034 8,0.022 8~0.029 0 mg·mL^-1。结论 该方法操作简单,缩短了分析时间,重复性好,可为半夏糖浆质量控制提供参考。     

百贝益肺胶囊含量测定的方法改进

目的 增加评价指标,建立科学、合理的百贝益肺胶囊含量测定方法。方法 C₁₈小柱纯化样品,优化色谱条件为：Vp-ODS色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;柱温：20℃;变动流速;流动相：乙腈（A）-水（B）,梯度洗脱;进样量：10 μL;检测波长：203 nm。结果 所测成分三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁分别在40.24~241.44（r=0.999 6）,91.50~549.00（r=0.999 9）,35.72~241.32（r=0.999 8）μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好;加样回收率为94.15%~99.81%,RSD为1.12%~1.94%。结论 该方法准确,重复性良好,可为修订标准提供依据。     

畲药食凉茶HPLC特征图谱和4种成分含量测定

目的 采用HPLC建立畲药食凉茶的特征图谱,并同时测定4种成分的含量。方法 以芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素为对照品;采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温30 ℃;乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长360 nm。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对结果进行分析。结果 建立了食凉茶的特征图谱,确定5个共有峰。芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素的线性范围分别为4.525~452.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,8.096~809.6 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,0.654~85.15 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,2.048~ 136.6 μg·mL^-1 （r=1.000 0）;平均加样回收率分别为100.51%（n=6,RSD=0.43%）,100.19%（n=6,RSD=0.88%）,99.98%（n=6,RSD=0.77%）,100.26%（n=6,RSD=0.69%）。结论 所建立的特征图谱相关性强,可结合4种成分含量测定全面控制畲药食凉茶的质量,为其规范使用提供科学依据。     

Mitochondrial Biology and Neurological Diseases

Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Huntington’s diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondriaMutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.     

模式动物斑马鱼在神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

斑马鱼作为一种新型模式低等脊椎动物,具有发育周期短、体外受精、胚胎透明、突变种多等优势,被广泛应用于神经、心血管、消化等方面的研究中。神经退行性疾病包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等,近年来发病率不断上升,且有年轻化的趋势,严重影响人们的身体健康和生活质量。因其发病机制复杂,至今仍缺乏治疗此类疾病的方法。本文综述近年来用斑马鱼制作神经退行性疾病模型的主要方式及可行性,为研究神经退行性疾病中斑马鱼模型的选择提供参考。     

头孢他定与FALL-39用于脓毒血症的疗效

目的观察FALL-39和头孢他定（CFZ）治疗脓毒血症的疗效。方法从pGEX-1λT-FALL-39转染的E.coli JM109中提纯FALL-39,检测FALL-39对绿脓杆菌（PAG）的杀菌活性。采用更生霉素（AMD）增强BALB／c小鼠对PAG感染的敏感性,建立脓毒血症模型,观察FALL-39和CFZ治疗脓毒血症的疗效。结果FALL-39分子量约5kDa,纯化量约600-650μg,对PAG的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低有效浓度（MEC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为25、100、50μg／ml。盐水组、脓毒血症组、CFZ治疗组、FALL-39治疗组和CFZ＋FALL-39治疗组小鼠死亡率分别为0％、75％、62．5％、37．5％和12．5％。结论FALL-39治疗脓毒血症比CFZ更为有效,两者联用效果则更佳。     

Clinical pharmacology = disease progression + drug action

Clinical pharmacology is concerned with understanding how to use medicines to treat disease. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have provided powerful methodologies for describing the time course of concentration and effect in individuals and in populations. This population approach may also be applied to describing the progression of disease and the action of drugs to change disease progress. Quantitative models for symptomatic and disease-modifying effects of drugs are valuable not only for describing drugs and diseases but also for identifying criteria to distinguish between types of drug actions, with implications for regulatory decisions and long-term patient care.     

腹腔镜下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的疗效

目的 分析腹腔镜辅助下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法 收集2012年7月至2016年6月安徽医科大学附属省立医院收治的14例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,回顾分析腹腔镜下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。结果 14例先天性巨结肠患儿中,13例全腹腔镜下完成手术,1例中转开腹病例,术后平均住院（8.13±1.32）d,无腹腔镜操作相关的近期并发症,远期随访无污粪和便秘复发。结论 腹腔镜辅助下巨结肠根治术治疗先天性巨结肠安全有效,具有微创效果,值得推广。     

The influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegeneration

In an increasingly ageing population, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease and Huntington''s disease are rising. While the aetiologies of these disorders are different, a number of common mechanisms that underlie their neurodegenerative components have been elucidated; namely neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced trophic support. Current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure. Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated. Signalling from the CB₁ and CB₂ receptors are known to be involved in the regulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis, mitochondrial function, trophic support and inflammatory status, respectively, while other receptors gated by cannabinoids such as PPARγ, are gaining interest in their anti-inflammatory properties. Through multiple lines of evidence, this evolutionarily conserved neurosignalling system has shown neuroprotective capabilities and is therefore a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This review details the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and highlights the beneficial effects of cannabinoid treatment.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6     

RP-HPLC测定4，5，2’-三吗啉酰氧基-2，5'-二氯二苯甲酮原料药的含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定原料药4,5,2''-三吗啉酰氧基-2,5''-二氯二苯甲酮（LF1）的含量及有关物质的RP-HPLC方法。方法 采用Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-磷酸水（60：40,pH3.0）为流动相,检测波长230 nm,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温25℃。结果 主峰与杂质峰分离良好,LF1和杂质A分别在质量浓度1.0~100（r=0.999 8）和0.2~2.4 mg/L （r=0.999 6）线性关系良好,最低检测限分别为1和2 ng/mL,平均回收率分别为100.7%和102.0%。结论 本法简便、快速、准确,可用于LF1原料药的含量及有关物质的测定。     

Pharmacy course on women's and men's health

Objective. To design and implement an integrated course dedicated to women''s and men''s health.Design. A women''s and men''s health module that integrated the basic and clinical sciences was developed and implemented as part of the core undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Instruction included classroom lectures, large- and small-group case discussion, self-directed learning assignments, and case-based simulations with standardized patients, all of which focused on conditions impacting women''s and men''s health.Assessment. Assessment of student learning included multiple-choice and written examinations using case vignettes when possible, evaluation of documentation of patient care process with standardized patient interactions, and group case assignments. Students appreciated the scope of topics, the active-learning opportunities, and use of simulated patients, as well as teaching by experts in the area.Conclusion. A mandatory course in women''s and men''s health was well received by students and ensured that these important issues were addressed in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum.     

Signs of Preclinical Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Thiamine Levels as Predictors of Neuropsychological Deficits in Alcoholism without Korsakoff's Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to determine whether meeting historical criteria for unsuspected Wernicke''s encephalopathy (WE), largely under-diagnosed in vivo, explains why some alcoholics have severe neuropsychological deficits, whereas others, with a similar drinking history, exhibit preserved performance. Demographic, clinical, alcohol related, and neuropsychological measures were collected in 56 abstinent alcoholics and 38 non-alcohol-dependent volunteers. Alcoholics were classified using the clinical criteria established by Caine et al (1997) and validated in their neuropathological study of alcoholic cases. Our alcoholics who met a single criterion were considered ‘at risk for WE'' and those with two or more criteria with ‘signs of WE''. Whole blood thiamine was also measured in 22 of the comparison group and 28 alcoholics. Of the alcoholics examined, 27% met no criteria, 57% were at risk for WE, and 16% had signs of WE. Neuropsychological performance of the alcoholic subgroups was graded, with those meeting zero criteria not differing from controls, those meeting one criterion presenting mild-to-moderate deficits on some of the functional domains, and those meeting two or more criteria having the most severe deficits on each of the domains examined. Thiamine levels were selectively related to memory performance in the alcoholics. Preclinical signs of WE can be diagnosed in vivo, enabling the identification of ostensibly ‘uncomplicated'' alcoholics who are at risk for neuropsychological complications. The graded effects in neuropsychological performance suggest that the presence of signs of WE explains, at least partially, the heterogeneity of alcoholism-related cognitive and motor deficits.