基于局部一致性的重度抑郁症患者脑静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用脑静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)局部一致性(ReHo)方法探讨重度抑郁症(MDD)患者脑区自发性活动特征,评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性.方法 对24例MDD患者和26例相匹配的康对照组(HC)进行rs-fMRI扫描,分析两组ReHo值,将差异显著的脑区内平均ReHo值与HAMD-17评分进行相关性分析.结果 MDD患者较HC组左侧直回、左侧海马、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔叶ReHo值显著升高;右背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回、左侧枕下回、双侧颞下回、右侧颞上回ReHo值降低(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正).Pearson相关分析显示两组差异脑区左侧海马ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈正相关(r=0.593,P=0.002),右侧后扣带回ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.431,P=0.035).结论 MDD患者静息态下脑功能损害主要集中于边缘系统及默认网络等多个脑区,且左侧海马与右侧后扣带回局部脑区自发活动的时间同步性与抑郁严重程度存在相关性.ReHo分析可作为抑郁症严重程度评价的潜在生物学标记.     

多模态磁共振结合种子点及纤维追踪法评价颞叶癫痫患者默认网络功能和结构的结果分析

目的：运用多模态磁共振结合种子点和纤维追踪方法研究颞叶癫痫患者默认网络的功能及结构特点。方法对41例颞叶癫痫患者（颞叶癫痫组）和31例健康人（对照组）行磁共振扫描,运用基于种子点方法提取与种子点功能相关的脑区,选择功能连接显著差异脑区作感兴趣区。采用基于确定性纤维追踪方法获得两组差异脑区的各向异性分数（ FA）、纤维数量、纤维长度并比较,对差异脑区功能连接强度与其FA、纤维数量、纤维长度相关性进行分析。结果颞叶癫痫组与种子点功能相关的脑区仅分布于左侧枕中回、左侧中央前回、左侧楔前叶、左侧背外侧额上回、左侧缘上回、右侧额中回、右侧颞上回、右侧小脑下脚。对照组与种子点功能相关的脑区分布于左侧眶部额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧颞中回、左侧小脑下脚、右侧额中回、右侧三角部额下回、右侧海马旁回、右侧角回、右侧颞中回、右侧小脑下脚,两组默认网络显著差异的脑区为双侧内侧额上回,其功能连接强度明显下降（ P＜0．05）。颞叶癫痫组的双侧额上回白质FA、纤维数量明显小于对照组（P＜0．05）,而两组纤维长度比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。颞叶癫痫组默认网络差异脑区功能连接强度与FA、纤维数量、纤维长度无明显相关性（P＞0．05）。结论颞叶癫痫患者存在默认网络功能连接异常,差异脑区纤维连接完整性、纤维数量受损。     

帕金森病合并日间嗜睡的静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的通过静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)研究帕金森病日间嗜睡患者低频振幅(ALFF)及功能连接(FC)的变化。方法纳入2018年11月至2020年5月在我院就诊的帕金森病(PD)伴日间嗜睡患者13例(EDS+组),PD不伴日间嗜睡患者13例(EDS-组),同时纳入年龄和性别匹配的健康对照(HCs组)17例。比较三组间ALFF及FC的差异,并采用Pearson相关分析对差异脑区的功能连接强度值(Z值)与爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)评分之间的相关性进行分析。结果与HCs组比较,EDS+组左侧额内侧回的ALFF值下降,双侧颞中回、右侧角回、左侧颞上回与双侧前扣带回的功能连接减弱。与EDS-组相比,EDS+组双侧额上回ALFF值升高,右侧颞中回、右侧角回、右侧顶叶、双侧楔前叶与双侧前扣带回的功能连接增强。EDS+组右侧颞中回、右侧顶叶及左侧楔前叶与双侧前扣带回连接的Z值与ESS评分之间无显著相关性。结论额叶神经元自发性活动异常,颞叶、角回、顶叶及楔前叶与双侧前扣带回的功能连接改变,可能是PD伴日间嗜睡潜在的神经网络机制。     

轻微肝性脑病患者默认模式网络功能连接研究

目的采用静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)研究轻微肝性脑病患者默认网络(DMN)脑区功能连接的改变情况。方法本研究共纳入73例肝硬化患者和73名匹配的健康对照者进行rs-fMRI扫描,采用DPARSF软件分析得到DMN相关脑区功能连接的变化情况,并使用方差分析比较各组之间差异;使用皮尔森相关分析DMN中脑区功能连接改变和神经心理功能测试结果之间的联系,ROC分析评估可靠性。结果与HC组相比,肝硬化患者DMN中额前内侧回(MPFC),后扣带回/楔前叶(PCC/PCUN),左侧颞极(TP)以及双侧海马旁回(PHG)DMN连接下降,而与non-HE患者相比,MHE组患者在MPFC,PCC/PCUN,以及右侧PHG脑区间的功能连接降低。其中MPFC出现改变的有效性最高(敏感度81.5%,特异度70.4%)。结论肝硬化患者从non-HE发展为MHE的过程中,DMN部分脑区的功能连接减低,这为轻微肝性脑病的诊断提供了一种新的思路。     

重性抑郁症基于低频振幅的静息态功能磁共振成像结果观察

目的 探讨重性抑郁症(MDD)基于低频振幅(ALFF)的静息态功能磁共振成像(fMRI)结果。方法 前瞻性选取2017年1月至2019年1月在本院心理门诊就诊的重性抑郁症患者35例作为MDD组,选择同期在本院进行体检的健康志愿者35例作为对照组。比较两组fMRI不同脑区mALFF值(ALFF值M化处理获得)的不同。结果MDD组患者右侧前额叶皮质、右侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、左侧岛叶、左侧额内侧回、左侧直回的mALFF值较对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。MDD组患者双侧补充运动区、右侧舌回、左侧楔前叶、左侧舌回的mALFF值较对照组明显减低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MDD患者静息态下右侧前额叶皮质、右侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、左侧岛叶、左侧额内侧回、左侧直回的mALFF值增加,双侧补充运动区、双侧舌回、左侧楔前叶m ALFF值降低,这些脑区神经功能损害可能为引发MDD的基础。     

抑郁症脑网络的静息态功能磁共振分析

目的 分析抑郁症患者脑网络的静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)特征,并评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性。方法 选取在我院心理门诊治疗的抑郁症患者25例作为研究组,同期健康志愿者25例作为对照组,均进行rs-fMRI扫描。并采用Pearson分析有统计学意义的脑区内平均ReHo值与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评分的相关性。结果 研究组左侧海马、左侧直回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、右侧楔叶的ReHo值明显高于对照组的ReHo值(P0.05);研究组左侧枕下回、左侧颞下回、右侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、右侧背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回的ReHo值明显低于对照组的ReHo值(P0.05)。经相关性分析,抑郁症患者的HAMD-17评分与左侧海马的ReHo值呈正相关(P0.001),抑郁症患者的HAMD-17评分与右侧后扣带回的ReHo值呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 抑郁症患者静息态下脑功能损伤主要集中在默认网络和边缘系统等,且左侧海马、右侧后扣带回局部脑区连接强度变化与抑郁症严重程度具有相关性,Re Ho可辅助评价抑郁症严重程度。     

轻度认知障碍病人情景记忆与脑静息态功能连接关系

目的观察轻度认知障碍(MCI)病人情景记忆(EM)编码、提取与其脑静息态功能连接网络变化的关系。方法 MCI组24例,正常对照(NC)组24例,采用GE 3.0T MRI采集静息态脑血氧水平依赖信号,然后行EM编码、提取测试。EM编码和提取成绩与相应功能连接网络进行相关分析。结果与NC组比较,MCI组与后扣带回连接明显减弱脑区:胼胝体、左侧舌回、左侧额叶亚区、右侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、右侧舌回及左侧颞中回(t=-4.84～-3.73,P<0.05);连接增强脑区:小脑后叶、右侧颞下回、右侧额中回、左侧枕中回、左侧中央前回、左侧颞上回、右侧中央前回(t=3.49～4.72,P<0.05)。MCI组EM编码、提取成绩均明显低于NC组,差异均有显著性(t=4.60、3.53,P<0.05)。MCI组与EM编码呈显著正相关脑区为右侧颞上回(r=0.66,P<0.05);NC组无相关脑区。MCI组与EM提取呈显著正相关的脑区为右侧楔前叶(r=0.71,P<0.05),NC组为左侧眶部额中额下回(r=0.68,P<0.05)。结论 MCI病人双侧颞中回、右侧颞上回、双侧舌回与后扣带回功能连接显著减弱;小脑后叶、左侧颞上回、右侧颞下回、左侧枕中回、双侧中央前回、右侧额中回与PCC的功能连接增强。MCI病人EM编码、提取功能存在明显障碍,其中编码功能障碍与其右侧颞上回功能网络连接减弱密切相关。     

静息态功能MRI在首诊精神分裂症患者中的应用观察

目的探讨静息态功能磁共振成像(f MRI)在首诊精神分裂症患者中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月-2018年9月间收治的42例精神分裂症患者(观察组)和40例志愿者(对照组)作为研究对象,两组均行f MRI检查。比较两组功能连接异常的脑区。结果观察组与对照组对比,精神分裂症患者左侧楔前叶、扣带回、左侧中央前回、双侧中央后回、双侧舌回、右侧颞中回、右侧颞上极、左侧颞横回、双侧顶上小叶、左侧岛叶功能连接异常增强(P0.05),精神分裂症患者左侧额中回、左侧顶下小叶、双侧额上回、右侧眶下回功能接连异常减弱(P0.05)。结论静息态f MRI能有效显示首诊精神分裂症患者的多个脑区功能连接异常及其变化。     

女性抑郁障碍患者静息态默认网络相关脑区脑功能连接的探究

目的　利用静息态功能连接方法,探讨女性抑郁障碍患者默认网络相关脑区脑功能连接变化。方法　选取2013年1月—2014年9月北京大学第六医院门诊和住院的女性抑郁障碍患者为病例组（n=27）。同期按照与病例组患者性别、年龄、受教育年限匹配原则从北京大学医学部社区居民及北京大学第六医院职工家属中招募健康者作为正常对照组（n=37）。受试者均进行静息态功能性磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）扫描。以左侧楔前叶和左侧顶下小叶为感兴趣区（ROI）,通过ROI与全脑的功能连接分析,比较两组默认网络相关脑区脑功能连接差异。结果　与正常对照组比较,病例组左侧顶下小叶与右侧扣带回功能连接增加,左侧楔前叶与右侧丘脑及双侧中脑功能连接增加（P<0.05,Alphasim校正）。结论　女性抑郁障碍患者静息态下默认网络相关的脑区与多个脑网络功能连接存在异常,这些异常可能参与了其神经病理学发病机制。     

脑梗死后抑郁患者杏仁核及其亚区的功能连接研究

目的利用功能性磁共振成像技术（fMRI）,研究与分析脑梗死后抑郁（PSD）患者静息态下杏仁核以及其各亚区与其他脑区功能连接的改变,以期为PSD的早期诊断及临床治疗提供帮助。方法对18例PSD患者及19例脑梗死后无抑郁患者（对照组）进行静息态fMRI扫描,以杏仁核自身及其3个亚区（两侧基底外侧核、两侧浅表核及两侧中央内侧核）为种子点,分别进行静息态脑功能连接（FC值）分析。研究两组患者种子点FC值结果的差异,并对PSD组汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）得分与差异脑区FC值进行Spearman相关性分析。结果与对照组相比,PSD组患者功能连接增强脑区为左侧中央内侧核-右侧额中回。其它观测部位均发生功能连接减低。PSD组左侧中央内侧核与右侧岛叶和前额叶,右侧基底外侧核与左侧楔前叶、左侧额上回,右侧浅表核与补充运动区,左侧杏仁核与下丘脑,右侧杏仁核与双侧楔前叶的功能连接与HAMD评分呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义（r=-0.674～-0.444,均P＜0.05）。PSD组患者左侧中央内侧核与右侧额中回的功能连接与HAMD评分呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（r=0.546,P＜0.05）。结论杏仁核可参与情绪控制与加工,PSD患者的杏仁核自身及其各亚区与多个脑区FC值存在异常,这些改变可能在抑郁产生的机制中发挥了重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.