糖尿病患者肾功能与甲状腺激素水平关系的探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（DM）肾功能与甲状腺激素水平之间的相关关系。方法 采用放射免疫法检测48例2型DM患者血清甲状腺激素（FT3、FT4）以及促甲状腺激素（TSH）和24小时尿蛋白排泄率（UAE）。结果 ⑴糖尿病肾病（DN）组与非DN组间FT3、FT4、TSH无显著差异；⑵以UAE为因变量，以FT3、FT4、TSH、HbA1C、FBG和空腹胰岛素（FI）为自变量，进行逐步回归分析，当α水平值为0.15时，UAE与FT3负相关。结果 提示肾功能损害越明显，甲状腺激素水平越低，推测甲状腺素水平可作为间接反应肾功能状态的指标之一。     

糖尿病肾病患者的胱抑素C水平及其临床意义

目的探讨血浆胱抑素C水平变化与糖尿病肾病的相关性。方法2型糖尿病患者95例按尿蛋白含量分为3组,正常组28例、微量组32例、大量白蛋白尿组35例,同期体检健康者30例为对照组。测定各组血浆CysC、血肌酐、尿肌酐、24 h尿微量白蛋白（mALB）,计算内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）。结果（1）不同性别、年龄、体重指数（BMI）及糖化血红蛋白（HbA1 c）的2型糖尿病患者血浆胱抑素C水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。（2）微量、大量白蛋白尿组患者血浆胱抑素C、mALB水平均明显高于正常白蛋白尿组及对照组（P＜0．05）,大量白蛋白尿组的血肌酐、Ccr明显高于其他3组（P＜0．05）。（3）2型糖尿病患者胱抑素C与mALB呈正相关关系（P＜0．05）,胱抑素C与Ccr的相关性（r＝－0．758）,优于血肌酐与Ccr的相关性（r＝－0．672）。结论胱抑素C能更敏感地发现2型糖尿病患者早期肾功能变化,其可以作为预测糖尿病肾病严重程度的指标之一。     

甲状腺激素水平与糖尿病肾病患者高尿酸血症发生的相关性

目的 分析甲状腺激素水平与糖尿病肾病（diabetic kidney disease,DKD）患者发生高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia,HUA）的关系。 方法 选取医院收治的DKD患者102例,根据患者是否发生HUA分为发生组（50例）与未发生组（52例）。分析2组一般资料和实验室指标,采用Pearson双变量相关性和Logistic回归分析甲状腺激素水平与DKD患者HUA发生的关系。 结果 DKD患者102例中,发生HUA 50例,发生率为49.02%;发生组的血尿酸、三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）、促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH）水平均高于未发生组,游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（free triiodothyronine,FT3）和游离甲状腺素（free thyroxine,FT4）水平均低于未发生组（P＜0.05）;组间其他一般资料、实验室指标等相关情况比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;采用Pearson双变量相关性分析结果显示,DKD患者血尿酸水平与血脂、TSH水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）;DKD患者血尿酸水平与FT3、FT4水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）;经Logistic回归分析结果显示,TSH、FT3、FT4水平与DKD患者发生HUA有关（P＜0.05）。 结论 甲状腺激素水平与DKD患者的HUA发生有关。     

早发型重度子痫前期患者甲状腺功能和24h尿蛋白特征

目的：研究早发型重度子痫前期患者的甲状腺功能和24 h尿蛋白特征。方法选择183例重度子痫前期患者,按其发病孕周分为早发型组114例（＜34周）和晚发型组69例（≥34周）。随机抽取280例同期孕周、年龄与之相匹配的血压正常、尿常规蛋白阴性、无产科合并症健康孕妇为对照组。采用化学发光微粒免疫分析技术测定促甲状腺素（ TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（ FT3）和游离甲状腺素（ FT4）水平,采用化学发光法测定甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（ TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（ TGAb）,采用免疫比浊法检测24 h尿蛋白定量。对各组孕妇甲状腺功能、24 h尿蛋白定量和新生儿出生体重进行分析。结果（1）与对照组比较,早发型组和晚发型组FT3及FT4水平均明显降低（P＜0.01）,TSH水平明显升高（P＜0.01）。（2）与早发型组比较,晚发型组TSH水平明显升高（P＜0.05）,FT3和FT4水平无显著变化（P＞0.05）。（3）早发型组与晚发型组TPOAb、TGAb阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（4）早发型组和晚发型组甲状腺疾病发生率无显著变化（P＞0.05）。（5）与晚发型组（7.5±5.7）g比较,早发型组24 h尿蛋白定量（10.8±8.4）g明显升高（P＜0.01）。（6）与晚发型组比较,早发型组新生儿体重明显降低（P＜0.01）。新生儿体重和24 h尿蛋白定量呈负相关（r＝－0.323,P＜0.01）。结论早发型重度子痫前期患者血清FT3和FT4水平降低,伴有甲状腺功能减退。晚发型重度子痫前期中TSH水平升高较早发型更为明显。早发型子痫前期患者24 h尿蛋白丢失较晚发型严重,直接导致病情加重和影响能存活的新生儿体重。应重视早发型子痫前期患者甲状腺功能和24 h尿蛋白定量的监测,及时发现甲状腺功能减退并给予甲状腺激素替代治疗。     

2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素水平的临床分析

目的观察2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素的变化,并探讨其意义。方法选择2型糖尿病患者70例及健康对照42例,采用电化学发光法测定其甲状腺激素及促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平,同时检测糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）。结果 2型糖尿病组血清游离T3（FT3）、总T3（TT3）、游离T4（FT4）、反T3（rT3）、TSH水平,明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;血清总T4（TT4）水平两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2型糖尿病患者血清FT3水平与其HbAlc及病程均成负相关（r=-0.248,P〈0.05;r=-0.331,P〈0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素水平与糖尿病病程、病情相关;2型糖尿病患者FT3、FT4减少的主要原因之一可能是其下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能受损,最终导致甲状腺分泌T3、T4减少。     

首发单相抑郁症与双相抑郁症患者外周血甲状腺激素水平比较

目的探讨首发单相抑郁症与双相抑郁症患者外周血甲状腺激素（TH）水平的差异,以及TH水平与汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版（HAMD-24）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分的相关性。方法选取2018年11月至2020年10月在浙江省人民医院精神卫生科住院的首发抑郁症患者92例,其中单相抑郁症47例,双相抑郁症45例;同期在医院进行健康体检的健康对照者94例。比较3组对象外周血TH水平,分别分析单相抑郁症、双相抑郁症患者外周血TH水平与HAMD-24、HAMA评分的相关性。结果3组对象外周血促甲状腺激素（TSH）、T3、T4、FT3水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,而FT4水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;其中单相抑郁组、双相抑郁组患者外周血TSH、T3、T4、FT3水平均低于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）,双相抑郁组外周血T3水平高于单相抑郁组（P＜0.05）。单相抑郁症患者外周血TSH水平与HAMD-24体重因子评分呈负相关（r=-0.308,P＜0.05）,FT4水平与HAMD-24日夜变化因子评分呈负相关（r=-0.380,P＜0.05）。双相抑郁症患者外周血T4水平与HAMD-24焦虑/躯体化因子评分、HAMA总分均呈正相关（r=0.366、0.356,均P＜0.05）,FT4水平与HAMA总分呈正相关（r=0.319,P＜0.05）。结论首发单相抑郁症、双相抑郁症患者外周血TH水平较健康对照者明显降低,而单相抑郁症与双相抑郁症患者仅T3水平存在差异;外周血TSH、FT4、T4等指标与HAMD-24、HAMA具有一定的相关性。     

尿蛋白检测在肾损害性疾病早期诊治中的效果分析

目的：探讨尿蛋白检测在肾损害性疾病早期诊治中的效果。方法：选取2012年3月~2014年3月我院收治的314例肾损害患者为研究对象,作为观察组。选取同时期来我院进行健康体检的人员48例为对照组。根据要求留取2组人员24小时尿,进行尿总蛋白测定（邻苯三酚红钼法）。取当天晨尿,进行mALB（免疫浊度法）、β2-m（免疫浊度法）、mALB/UCr（免疫浊度法）、尿蛋白定性检测。结果：观察组患者尿总蛋白、β2-m、mALB、mALB/UCr检测结果均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。除急、慢性肾炎、肾病综合征外,糖尿病、高血压等病症患者β2-m、mALB、mALB/UCr检测结果均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：尿蛋白检测可用于肾损害性疾病早期诊治,指导临床诊断和治疗。     

心脏骤停患者复苏成功后甲状腺激素水平的变化

目的研究心脏骤停（CA）患者心肺复苏（CPR）成功后甲状腺激素水平的变化,并分析其与炎症反应的关系。方法选取经CPR成功并存活≥12h的CA患者31例,测定外周血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）及TT3、TT4、游离T3（FT3）、游离T4（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平,按hs-CRP、PCT结果分为hs-CRP、PCT升高组及对照组,比较两组甲状腺激素水平的差异,并分析hs-CRP、PCT与甲状腺激素的相关性。对出现非甲状腺疾病综合征（NTIS）与未出现NTIS进行累积生存率观察。结果hs-CRP升高组TT3、FT3、TSH均低于hs-CRP对照组（均P＜0.05）,但TT4、FT4之间比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,PCT升高组TT3、FT3、TT4、FT4、TSH与PCT对照组之间比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,TT3、FT3、TSH与hs-CRP均呈负相关,与PCT无相关（P＞0.05）;未出现NTIS组累积生存率高于NTIS组（P＜0.05）。结论CA患者CPR成功后出现甲状腺激素水平降低,且炎症反应越严重甲状腺激素水平下降越明显。     

老年2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素水平变化及其临床意义

目的：本文介绍了老年2型糖尿病患者的甲状腺激素水平检测方法,并观察其水平变化和临床意义。方法：选取我院300例被确诊为老年2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,其中200例为轻度2型糖尿病,100例为重度2型糖尿病,再选取150例健康者为对照组,所有患者与对照组均进行血糖、甲状腺激素、T亚群细胞的检测,并将重症组、轻症组分别与对照组比较,观察和分析患者的甲状腺激素水平变化。结果：轻症组的FPG、糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹C肽均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,血清FT3水平明显低于对照组（ P＜0．05）;重症组的FPG、rT3水平、空腹胰岛素、CD8、糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹C肽均要明显高于对照组（ P＜0．05）,血清FT3水平、血清FT4水平明显低于对照组（ P＜0．05）。而T4、T3、TSH、CD4的检测结果,轻症组与重症组分别和对照组比较,均无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论：老年2型糖尿病患者不同血糖的甲状腺激素水平与T亚群细胞存在一定的相关性,定期检测甲状腺激素可以尽早的诊断出老年2型糖尿病,从而能够帮助患者及时的治疗与预后。     

老年糖尿病肾病患者血清甲状腺激素水平与肾功能指标的相关性

目的:分析老年糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清甲状腺激素水平与肾功能指标的相关性。方法:选取120例老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者为研究对象,按尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)不同分为三组,单纯T2DM组(UAER<20μg/min)38例,DN微量白蛋白尿组(UAER为20~200μg/min)49例,DN大量白蛋白尿组(UAER>200μg/min)33例,比较三组甲状腺激素[促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)]和肾功能指标[肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素C(CysC)]水平,采用Spearman秩相关系数法分析甲状腺激素水平和肾功能指标的相关性。结果:T2DM患者UAER水平越高,TSH水平越高,FT3水平越低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM患者UAER水平越高,Cr、BUN、CysC水平越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组FT4水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Spearman秩相关系数法显示,FT3水平与Cr、BUN、CysC水平呈负相关(r=-0.746、-0.805、-0.893,P<0.05);TSH、FT4水平与Cr、BUN、CysC水平无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:老年DN患者FT3水平与Cr、BUN、CysC水平呈负相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.