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随着计算机技术的不断发展、医疗数据的大量累积以及新型高效算法的研发,人工智能技术在医疗领域已经取得了跨越式的发展,医疗的智能化已成必然趋势。在乳腺癌领域,尤其在乳腺癌医疗成像方面,应用人工智能进行医学影像分析也得到了发展和应用,提高了诊断效率,其较高的灵敏度和特异度有助于辅助临床诊断和治疗乳腺癌。尽管现阶段人工智能的发展和应用仍存在一些亟待解决的问题,但人工智能的应用会给医疗行业注入新的活力。本文就人工智能图像分析技术的相关概念及其在乳腺癌影像学诊断和病理图像分析中的应用进展作一综述。 相似文献
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在大数据的背景下,基于深度学习的人工智能日益影响着病理学的诊断模式。人工智能应用于临床诊断,特别是病理诊断,为进一步实现精准医疗提供了契机。本文从细胞学筛查、组织学诊断、免疫表型预测和基因分型预后判断四个方面来探讨人工智能在病理诊断中的应用进展及现状。 相似文献
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《中国肿瘤临床与康复》2019,(6)
<正>近年来,人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)迅猛发展,在人工智能的各大产业中,医疗加人工智能方向已然成为瞩目焦点,备受关注。人工智能在医疗中的应用能够有效缓解我国医疗资源严重短缺和分布失衡的现状,提高医疗系统运行效率,甚至推动整个医疗行业变革。结直肠癌是全球第三大癌症,其年标化发病率为0. 41‰,死亡率为0. 15‰。如果在早期得到确诊并接受正确治疗,结直肠癌患者的5年生存率高达90%。而一旦癌细胞 相似文献
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类器官是一种优异的肿瘤和干细胞研究模型,对其生长或药筛等过程的各种类型数据进行分析,有助于提升对类器官本身以及所代表疾病的了解。但人工观察和筛选类器官以及使用传统统计学方法在处理类器官数据时,存在分析准确度与效率低、难度系数大、人工成本高以及带有一定主观性等问题。而人工智能在很多生物学和医学研究领域已被证明会产生卓越效果。将人工智能引入类器官研究,有助于提升研究的客观性、准确性和速度,从而使类器官能更好地实现疾病建模、药物筛选、个性化医疗等。首先,类器官图像数据的人工智能分析取得了显著进展。结合深度学习的图像分析能够更精准地捕捉类器官的微观结构和变化,提高对类器官形态和生长的自动识别能力,达到较高的准确度,节约研究时间与成本。其次,对于类器官的组学数据,人工智能技术的引入同样取得了重要突破:可提高数据的处理效率以及发现潜在的基因表达模式,为细胞发育和疾病机制的解析提供新的工具。再次,类器官其他类型的数据如电信号和光谱等通过人工智能技术可实现对类器官类型和状态客观的分类,为类器官的全面表征进行了有益的尝试。而在类器官重要应用领域—药物筛选方面,人工智能可为过程监测和结果预测提供强有力的支... 相似文献
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医疗文书档案是病员在医疗机构就医的全部医疗记录 ,反映了疾病和诊疗工作的全过程 ,体现了医生及医院的医疗质量及学术思想水平 ,是衡量医疗工作及技术能力的重要指标之一。本文拟简要分析医疗文书档案所具有的作用和使用价值 ,以其引起管理及医务工作者的重视 ,从而更好的写好、管好、用好医疗文书档案 ,为防治疾病 ,保障人民健康 ,促进医学科学的发展服务。病案是医疗文书档案最主要的组成部分 ,完整的病案是诊疗工作详细客观的全面记录和总结 ,它为医疗、教学、科研、保健、医院管理等多个方面提供了宝贵的素材和重要依据 ,具有法律效用… 相似文献
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Experience in the treatment of synchronous and metachronous carcinoma of the oesophagus and the head and neck 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wind P Roullet MH Douard R Laccoureye O Brasnu D Cugnenc PH 《Journal of surgical oncology》2000,73(3):138-142
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of multiple primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and oesophagus is controversial. The poor prognosis of these 2 types of carcinoma taken individually and their anatomic proximity complicate the therapeutic strategy and limit the treatment choices for each location. METHODS: From 1986 to 1998, 43 patients received curative treatment for multiple synchronous (n = 30) or metachronous (n = 13) primary neoplasms of the oesophagus and head and neck. For synchronous cancers, the therapeutic strategy consisted of first curing the head and neck cancer and then planning oesophagectomy according to the type of head and neck cancer therapy. RESULTS: Ten total oesopharyngolaryngectomies and 33 subtotal oesophagectomies were performed. The postoperative mortality rate was 9.3% (4/43). The rate of anastomotic leakage was 30% (13/43), and all such leaks were cervical. Pulmonary infection occurred in 19% of cases (8/43). A past history of cervical radiation therapy or cervicotomy did not appear to be a significant risk factor for anastomotic leakage or pulmonary complications. Oesophagectomy did not affect the functional results in the 31 patients whose larynx could be preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophagectomy after head and neck cancer treatment is possible with a low mortality rate and acceptable morbidity. 相似文献
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Two related techniques of breast epithelial sampling have emerged in the past several years: ductal lavage, in which fluid-yielding nipple ducts are cannulated at their orifices and lavaged with saline while the breast is intermittently massaged; and ductoscopy, in which discharging or fluid-yielding duct orifices are dilated, intubated with a microendoscope, and the lumen directly visualized. Both of these techniques have significant potential in terms of allowing the repeated sampling of ductal epithelium over time and, as such, have generated considerable enthusiasm. However, data regarding the impact of these techniques on the detection of significant breast disease is very scant. It is important at the outset of the assessment of this new technology that breast cancer clinicians and clinical researchers think carefully about the standards of evidence that need to be met regarding the benefits of these procedures before they are widely adopted. In this review of the rationale and early results of these procedures, we attempt to define some of these evidentiary requirements. 相似文献
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本文应用石蜡切片免疫组化PAP法,回顾性观察了61例直肠中分化管状腺癌组织ER、PR表达情况。ER(+)/PR(+)为42.6%;ER(-)/PR(-)为57.4%。ER/PR的存在表明该癌组织具有了依赖性激素的特性。ER(+)/PR(+)者的中位生存期为4.5年,一、三、五年生存率为88.5%、53.9%、38.5%,均高于ER(-)/PR(-)者的生存率。 ER(-)/PR(-)者的中位生存期为2.4年,一、三、五年生存率为65.7%、42.8%、28.6%。表达阳性与阴性两者的生存期有明显差异(P<0.01)。检测ER/PR受体亦可做为判定预后的指标之一。本实验证实ER、PR表达与年龄、性别以及LNM之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Rigual NR Popat SR Jayaprakash V Jaggernauth W Wong M 《Expert review of anticancer therapy》2008,8(3):403-412
The incidence rate of malignant melanoma has shown a rapid worldwide rise in recent years. The staging and management of head and neck melanoma presents some unique challenges. Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, while sentinel node biopsy is the most accurate staging modality for regional disease. The complex regional anatomy and lymphovascular drainage of this region may account for the increased biologic aggressiveness and treatment challenges of this disease. Improved understanding of the radiobiology of melanoma has resulted in new adjuvant radiotherapy approaches, yielding improved control rates. The treatment outcomes of metastatic head and neck melanoma remain disappointing but important progress has been made in the understanding of melanoma biology. 相似文献
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