肺癌转移致脑膜癌病12例临床分析

目的 分析12例肺癌致脑膜癌病患者的临床特征.方法 对12例经脑脊液细胞学证实的肺癌致脑膜癌病患者的临床资料进行分析.结果 首发症状多为头痛、呕吐,头颅CT或MRI检查多无异常发现,脑脊液检查颅内压均有不同程度增高,脑脊液生化检查蛋白升高者多见,细胞学检查均见癌细胞,形态与原发肿瘤相似,经治疗后25%的患者获得缓解.结论 对以头痛、呕吐发病,伴颅内压增高及脑膜刺激征,且CT及MRI检查无明显异常者,应高度警惕脑膜癌病的可能,鞘内注射加全身化疗是有效的治疗手段.     

结核性脑膜炎脑脊液及影像学检查的临床分析

目的分析脑脊液常规、生化、细胞学及影像学检查在结核性脑膜炎(TBM)诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法对35例TBM及35例对照组患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 TBM组白细胞数310.37±292.20×106·L,蛋白1.62±0.65g·L-1,对照组白细胞数132.37±293.46×106·L、蛋白0.76±0.79g·L-1,TBM组较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),TBM组葡萄糖含量1.87±0.87mmol·L-1、氯化物含量109.68±9.25mmol·L-1,对照组葡萄糖含量2.91±0.95mmol·L-1、氯化物含量119.25±6.76 mmol·L-1,TBM组较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);脑脊液中总细胞数和腰穿压力两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TBM组脑脊液细胞学以混合细胞反应为主;19例患者行头颅MRI检查,18例异常,表现为单纯脑膜增厚、脑膜强化(6例),伴脑积水(6例),结核瘤(3例),脑梗死(1例)等。结论动态监测脑脊液学各项指标的变化对结脑的诊断及治疗均有重要的价值。头颅MRI检查是诊断结核性脑膜炎的手段之一。     

脑膜癌病20例临床分析

目的:探讨脑膜癌病的临床特点及脑脊液细胞学改变。方法:对1998年9月到2004年12月收治的20例 经脑脊液细胞学证实的脑膜癌病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:首发症状多以头痛、呕吐为主,可伴脑神经和 脊神经损害及脑膜刺激征;脑脊液检查颅内压均不同程度增高,另外还可表现细胞数、蛋白升高,糖、氯化物下降;细胞学 检查均发现癌细胞,其中有四例经丫啶橙荧光染色结果阳性。结论:脑脊液细胞学检查发现癌细胞是诊断脑膜癌病的重 要依据。     

结核性脑膜炎与新型隐球菌性脑膜炎病例鉴别分析

目的分析结核性脑膜炎和新型隐球菌脑膜炎病例的临床表现、颅内压、脑脊液常规和生化改变,为鉴别诊断这两种脑膜炎提供参考依据。方法收集2009-01—2011-12第1次我院38例结核性脑膜炎和18例新型隐球菌患者的基本资料、临床表现、颅内压、脑脊液常规和生化检测数据,采用日立7180型全自动生化分析仪测定脑脊液中白细胞数、糖、氯化物和蛋白含量。结果不论结核性脑膜炎还是新型隐球菌脑膜炎均以亚急性起病、颅压升高、脑脊液白细胞数和蛋白含量升高、糖含量和氯化物含量降低为主。但结核性脑膜炎病例脑脊液中白细胞数和蛋白含量高于新型隐球菌脑膜炎患者(P<0.05),而前者的氯化物含量却低于后者(P<0.05),在颅压变化程度和糖含量方面两种疾病间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论结核性脑膜炎与新型隐球菌脑膜炎的临床表现、颅内压、脑脊液常规和生化检测结果有一定诊断价值,但仍应进一步寻找病原菌明确诊断。     

脑膜癌病24例临床分析

目的：分析脑膜癌病的临床特点及确诊依据。方法：对24例确诊为脑膜癌病的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：24例脑膜癌病患者临床表现多种多样，但都有颅内高压及脑膜刺激征，头颅CT平扫及MRI阳性率低，且不具有特异性，脑脊液压力增高，常规生化类似感染性改变，早期容易误诊。结论：早期反复多次脑脊液细胞学检查是诊断脑膜癌病最重要依据，少部分病例尚需尸检确诊。     

脑膜癌病19例临床特点及脑脊液细胞学分析

目的探讨脑膜癌病的临床特征及脑脊液细胞学及生化指标的特点。方法对本科2004年11月~2013年12月收治的19例确诊脑膜癌病患者的临床资料及脑脊液细胞学资料进行回顾性分析。结果19例患者中女性患者较男性多见,发病年龄43~72岁,平均年龄(55.11±4.51)岁。大多数以头痛及恶心呕吐为主诉,部分患者出现一组或多组颅神经受累症状,病程后期出现不同程度的意识障碍,精神症状、癫痫间发作、肢体无力等局灶或全脑功能受损症状也较常见,视乳头水肿及脑膜刺激征为常见体征。16例行颅脑增强MRI检查,10例患者可见脑膜强化。18例患者行脑脊液检查,压力升高14例,白细胞计数增多10例,蛋白升高13例,糖降低8例,氯化物降低15例。17例发现肿瘤细胞,12例首次腰穿即找到肿瘤细胞,5例2次或2次以上发现肿瘤细胞,1例未见肿瘤细胞,结合病史及影像学资料确诊。结论脑膜癌病是恶性肿瘤颅内转移的特殊形式,脑脊液细胞学检查为诊断金标准,临床疑诊患者应多次复查腰穿以期尽早明确诊断;结合病史、神经系统症状体征及影像学脑膜强化亦可诊断该病,该病为肿瘤的晚期并发症,预后不佳,早期确断并积极治疗是影响预后的关键。     

Mollaret脑膜炎的临床和脑脊液特点(附1例报告)

目的探讨Mollaret脑膜炎(MM)的临床与脑脊液(CSF)特点。方法回顾性分析1例MM患者的临床资料。结果本例男,26岁,急性起病,以头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐及脑膜刺激征为主要表现,先后复发4次。每次复发时的症状及体征基本相似,间歇期完全正常。腰穿CSF检查:白细胞81×106/L,以淋巴细胞为主(0.89),蛋白含量0.71 g/L,氯化物116 mmol/L,IgG 79.5 mg/L。经对症治疗3周基本痊愈。结论MM以头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐及脑膜刺激征为主要临床表现,可反复发作,但预后良好。CSF有细胞数和蛋白增高,以淋巴细胞、单核细胞为主,疾病初期可找到特征性Mollaret细胞。     

脑脊液细胞学检查结合免疫组化诊断脑膜癌病的探讨

目的:探讨脑脊液细胞学检查结合免疫组化染色对脑膜癌病(MC)的诊断价值。方法:脑脊液细胞学检查采用侯氏自然沉淀法,免疫组化染色采用链霉素抗生物蛋白-过氧化物酶连结法(SP法)。结果:12例经脑脊液细胞学检查均发现异常细胞。结合免疫组化染色10例,其中5例用常规涂片,异常细胞阳性1例,占20%;另5例用脑脊液细胞学收集法,异常细胞阳性4例,占80%,1例癌胚抗原(CEA)阳性,1例膜上皮抗原(EMA)阳性,2例CEA、EMA均阳性。结论:脑脊液细胞学检查结合细胞免疫组化染色是诊断脑膜癌病的重要手段。     

结核性脑膜炎和脑膜癌病的早期鉴别诊断

结核性脑膜炎（tubercular meningitis，TBM）和脑膜癌病（meningeal carcinomatosis，MC）临床均可表现为颅内压增高，脑神经和脊神经损害、脑脊液蛋白质水平升高、葡萄糖和氯化物水平降低以及MRI呈脑膜强化表现等，早期二者鉴别诊断比较困难。笔者通过回顾性研究，对这两种疾病的临床表现和辅助检查结果进行比较，以探讨早期鉴别诊断的要点。     

结核性脑膜炎36例分析

目的:分析结核性脑膜炎的临床及脑脊液特点。方法:回顾分析我院近四年来住院初治结核性脑膜炎患者36例的临床及实验室资料。结果:脑脊液压力升高30例(180～280mmH2O,平均208.3±29.1mmH2O),发生率83%,白细胞计数升高36例,发生率100%,糖降低34例,发生率94%,氯化物降低34例,发生率94%,蛋白升高35例(1000～5000mg/L,平均2380±149.7mg/L),阳性率97%,脑CT异常8例,阳性率31%,表现为基底池渗出,脑积水,脑梗塞等,胸部平片提示肺结核21例,占62%。结论:结核性脑膜炎临床表现复杂,神经系统并发症发生率47%,患者的临床表现、脑脊液检查和肺外结核感染是诊断结核性脑膜炎的重要线索。     

脑膜癌病的临床特点及脑脊液检查对其诊断的重要意义

目的探讨脑脊液检查对诊断脑膜癌病的重要意义。方法对22例脑膜癌病患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果22例脑膜癌病患者中男15例,女7例,45岁以下6例,平均年龄(53.21±8.67)岁,临术及病理学诊断11例为肺癌,3例为胃癌,2例乳腺癌,1例为恶性淋巴瘤,5例来源未明。结论脑膜癌病为恶性肿瘤颅内转移的特殊形式,多以头痛为首发症状,脑脊液细胞学检查找到癌细胞是诊断脑膜癌病的金标准,多次复查细胞学有助于早期确诊。     

Cerebral fluid overproduction in the absence of tumor or villous hypertrophy of the choroid plexus

A case of cerebrospinal fluid overproduction in a 2.5-year-old child is reported. The rate of cerebrospinal fluid production was more than four times the expected amount. There was no evidence of tumor or villous hypertrophy of the choroid plexus. The child was successfully treated with a ventriculoatrial shunt.     

伴脑脊液耳鼻漏的Common cavity畸形的临床特征分析(附一例报告)

目的 掌握common cavity畸形的临床特征,提高对伴有脑脊液耳鼻漏的Common cavity 畸形在临床诊断中的认识水平.方法 对1例伴有脑脊液耳鼻漏的Common cavity畸形患者的临床特征、影像学表现及诊疗过程等临床资料进行整理并结合文献分析.结果 Common cavity畸形自幼听力下降,可伴有脑脊液耳鼻漏或脑脊液耳漏,自幼常反复发作脑膜炎;常误诊为分泌性中耳炎、化脓性中耳炎、脑脊液鼻漏、化脓性脑膜炎,因此容易导致漏诊.结论 自幼进行性听力下降或全聋,反复发作不明原因的脑脊液耳鼻漏,伴反复发作脑膜炎者应疑及此病,颞骨CT或MRI检查可以确诊.     

人类脑脊液蛋白质组学研究

脑脊液（cerebrospinal fluid，CSF）是存在于脑室及蛛网膜下腔内的一种无色透明的液体，循环流动干脑和脊髓表面，大部分由脑室脉络丛分泌。正常成人脑脊液容量大约为90～150mL。CSF中含有一些小分子物质如盐和肽，蛋门质．酶等等一些在生理上有重要作用的物质一这些物质的变化包括浓度．或蛋白和肽的修饰都能够精确反映中枢神经系统疾病的病理过程，     

精神分裂症患者脑脊液细胞学改变与临床的关系

为了解精神分裂症患者的中枢神经系统免疫学改变的细胞学基础，应用粟秀初细胞涂片机制片，行瑞氏－姬姆萨染色，对３６例精神分裂症患者进行了脑脊液的细胞学检查。结果显示，患者脑脊液中出现多种免疫活性细胞，其中以转化型淋巴细胞最为明显，高达８６．１％，而浆细胞的检出率达１６．７％，特别是病程较长（≥４年）的患者浆细胞检出率达３３．３％。患者自身的血液细胞学检查和对照组脑脊液的细胞学检查却无此异常改变。提示精神分裂症患者中枢神经系统的免疫系统已被激活，由免疫活性细胞介导的免疫反应参与了精神分裂症发病的病理过程。     

抑郁症脑脊液生长抑素的测定

目的： 进一步探讨抑郁症可能的生化病理机制。　方法： 采用非平衡放射免疫测定法（ＲＩＡ） 对符合入组标准的２６ 例抑郁症患者和２０例对照者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ） 中生长抑素（ＳＳ） 含量进行检测。　结果： 抑郁症患者ＣＳＦ中ＳＳ水平（１９．５３±９．４３） ｎｇ／Ｌ明显低于对照组（２８．５７±１６．０３） ｎｇ／Ｌ;抑郁症患者ＣＳＦ中ＳＳ水平与汉密顿抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ） 总分呈显著负相关（ｒ＝ － ０．４７９）。　结论： 抑郁症发病与脑ＳＳ水平低下有关。     

Cerebrospinal compensation in hydrocephalic children

One hundred and fifteen cases of hydrocephalus in children were analysed. Cerebrospinal compensatory reserve was assessed by a computerized, constant rate, lumbar infusion test. Head circumference and ventricular size were measured and a psychometric examination carried out. A classification of hydrocephalus based on resting cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow (RCSF) was introduced. Parameters of compensatory reserve were compared in atrophy (low CSFP, low RCSF), normal-pressure hydrocephalus (low CSFP, increased RCSF), non-communicating hydrocephalus (high CSFP, low RCSF) and acute hydrocephalus (high CSFP and increased RCSF). Significant differences were found between the factors describing compensatory ability in these groups. Sixty-two patients could be classified on the basis of resting CSFR and RCSF. Differentiation between the types of hydrocephalus was shown to be more accurate when all variables measured during the pressure-volume test were considered. The patterns of the time courses of CSFP during rate infusion tests in the different types of hydrocephalus are presented.     

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of extremely slow flow in a model shunt system

Shunt malfunction is common and its diagnosis may require invasive testing that may be inaccurate or result in complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may prove to be a useful noninvasive test of shunt function as it has been shown that MRI is capable of measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows from 2 ml/h to 40 ml/h in model systems. Since flows in functioning shunt systems can be less than 2 ml/h, MRI must be sensitive enough to detect flow in this range in order to be a valid test for shunt function. Continuing previous studies, we have studied MRI flow-related enhancement at flow rates from 0 to 2 ml/h. Multiple spin echo scans (TR2000, TE20) were made through a specialized section of tubing in a model shunt system. The intensity of the MRI signal at points known to demonstrate maximal flow-related enhancement was measured. A linear relationship was demonstrated between signal intensity and flow as low as 0.8 ml/h. These results add support to the concept that MRI is sensitive enough to detect the lowest flows present in functioning shunt systems and therefore may be useful as a noninvasive test of shunt function.     

Effects of head-down tilt on the intracranial pressure in conscious rabbits

Head-down tilt (HDT) causes a fluid shift towards the upper body, which increases intracranial pressure (ICP). In the present study, the time course of ICP changes during prolonged exposure to HDT was investigated in conscious rabbits through a catheter chronically implanted into the subarachnoid space. The production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after exposure to 7-days HDT was also examined by a ventriculo-cisternal perfusion method. The ICP increased from 4.3+/-0.4 (mean+/-S.E.M.) mmHg to 8.0+/-0.8 mmHg immediately after the onset of 45 degrees HDT, reached a peak value of 15.8+/-1.9 mmHg at 11 h, and then decreased to 10.4+/-1.1 mmHg at 24 h. During 7-days HDT, it also increased from 4.8+/-0.9 mmHg to 9.2+/-1.6 mmHg immediately after the onset of 45 degrees HDT, reached a peak value of 12.8+/-2.5 mmHg at 12 h of HDT, and then decreased gradually towards the pre-HDT baseline value for 7 days. The rate of CSF production was 10.1+/-0.6 microl/min in rabbits exposed to 7-days HDT, and 9.7+/-0.5 microl/min in control rabbits. These results suggest that the rabbits begin to adapt to HDT within a few days and that the production of CSF is preserved after exposure to 7-days HDT. The time course of ICP changes during HDT in conscious rabbits seems to be considerably different from that in anesthetized rabbits.     

Abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocysts

Abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst is an infrequent complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. We reviewed ten patients with abdominal pseudocyst. There were five girls and five boys, aged between 4 months and 14 years. The number of shunt procedures prior to the presentation varied between one and five. Only one patient had had a previous shunt infection. No patients had undergone prior abdominal surgery other than VP shunting. The time from the last shunting procedure to the development of abdominal pseudocyst ranged from 3 weeks to 5 years. Presenting symptoms and signs were mainly related to abdominal complaints in all patients. Three patients also had the signs of shunt malfunction. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound in all patients. Shunt infection was determined in six patients. Repositioning of the peritoneal catheter seemed to have a higher rate of recurrence. The diagnosis of abdominal pseudocyst should be considered in VP-shunted patients presenting with abdominal complaints.