脑小血管病患者MR弥散张量成像的改变及其与认知功能障碍的关系

目的探讨脑小血管病(SVD)患者脑部MR弥散张量成像(DTI)的改变及其与认知功能障碍的关系。方法给55例SVD患者进行神经心理学量表检查,评定认知功能状态,以及行常规MRI和DTI检查,观察感兴趣区的各向异性分数(FA)、表观弥散系数(ADC)。对DTI FA值与蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表评分的相关性用Pearson相关分析。结果本组SVD患者中认知功能正常(NCI)的患者25例,非痴呆认知功能障碍(VCIND)患者30例。与NCI组比较,VCIND组双侧半卵圆中心、丘脑、额叶及左侧尾状核的FA值显著降低(P0.05~0.001);双侧豆状核、右侧尾状核FA值的差异无统计学意义;左侧尾状核ADC值显著增高(P0.05),其他部位ADC值的差异均无统计学意义。Pearson相关分析示,双侧半卵圆中心、额叶及左侧尾状核的FA值与MoCA量表评分呈正相关(r=0.279~0.375,P0.05~0.005)。结论有认知功能障碍的SVD患者额叶及脑白质DTI的FA值明显降低,并与其认知功能障碍程度有密切的关系。     

弥散张量成像与老年人认知功能的相关性

目的：研究老年人认知功能与MRI弥散张量成像（DTI）参数的相关性。方法：年龄〉60岁的老年人43例,按其认知功能量表评分[简易智能状态量表（MMSE）、临床痴呆量表（CDR）、总体衰退量表（GDS）和日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）]分为认知功能正常组、轻度认知功能障碍组和阿尔茨海默病3组,比较各组间头颅MRI部分各向异性（FA）和表观弥散系数（ADC）值是否具有差异,寻找与认知功能相关的颅内结构。结果：左侧颞叶、胼胝体膝部、压部的FA和ADC值,以及右侧额叶、双侧半卵圆中心的ADC值组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。FA值随认知功能减退而降低;而ADC值随认知功能减退而增高。额叶、颞叶、半卵圆中心和胼胝体等部位的DTI参数与常用的MMSE、CDR、GDS、ADL评分显著相关（P〈0.05）。结论：MRIDTI参数与老年人认知功能水平显著相关。     

ERP联合DTI对脑小血管病相关认知功能障碍的初步研究

目的 探讨事件相关诱发电位(Event-related potential,ERP)联合弥散张量成像(Diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)在脑小血管病(Cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)相关认知功能障碍评估中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年1月-2021年1月本院收治的CSVD患者100例,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment scale,MoCA)对患者的认知功能进行评估,根据MoCA评分将患者分为认知功能障碍组(MoCA<26分,n=50)和对照组(MoCA≥26分,n=50); 所有患者均接受ERP和DTI检查,比较2组患者的一般资料、实验室指标水平、ERP和DTI相关参数水平的差异,评估ERP,DTI及其联合检测对CSVD相关认知功能障碍的诊断价值。结果 认知功能障碍组的高血压病的发生率明显高于对照组,MoCA、简易精神状态量表(Mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分明显低于对照组,血清碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。认知功能障碍组患者的P300潜伏期明显长于对照组,P300波幅明显小于对照组(P<0.05); 认知功能障碍组双侧半卵圆中心、双侧额叶、胼胝体膝部和胼胝体压部的各向异性分数(Fractional anisotropy,FA)值均明显小于对照组(P<0.05),双侧半卵圆中心、双侧额叶的平均弥散率(Mean diffusivity,MD)值明显大于对照组(P<0.05); 患者P300潜伏期、双侧半卵圆中心、双侧额叶、胼胝体膝部和胼胝体压部的FA值与MoCA,MMSE评分呈正相关(r≥0.203,P<0.05); P300波幅、双侧半卵圆中心、双侧额叶的MD值与MoCA,MMSE评分呈负相关(r≤-0.038,P<0.05); 患者双侧额叶FA值与P300潜伏期呈负相关(r=-0.274、-0.318,P<0.05),与P300波幅呈正相关(r=0.248、0.256,P<0.05); 双侧额叶MD值与P300潜伏期呈正相关(r=0.213、0.207,P<0.05),与P300波幅呈负相关(r=-0.327、-0.318,P<0.05)。结论 CSVD患者认知功能障碍的发生与脑微结构病变及电生理改变有关,ERP联合DTI检查或可作为CSVD相关认知功能障碍早期诊断的定量评估指标。     

慢性肾脏病患者的认知障碍与脑白质损伤磁共振弥散张量成像研究

目的探讨慢性肾脏病患者肾功能下降与认知障碍及脑白质损伤的关系。方法选取30例慢性肾脏病(CKD2-5期)患者和30例肾功能正常者,接受磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)检查,同时进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)测试。采用SPSS26.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果CKD组较肾功能正常组双侧额叶,双侧顶叶各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)值减低,双侧额叶,左侧颞叶,左侧顶叶表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值升高,患者的MoCA评分随eGFR值的下降而下降。eGFR值与左侧额叶,右侧额叶,左侧颞叶,右侧顶叶FA值,左侧额叶,右侧颞叶,左侧顶叶ADC值存在显著相关性。MocA评分与左侧额叶,左侧颞叶,右侧顶叶FA值,左侧额叶,右侧颞叶ADC值存在显著相关性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05).结论患者的肾功能下降与认知功能损害及脑白质损害具有相关性。肾功能下降可能是患者脑白质病变及认知功能下降的独立危险因素。     

皮质下缺血性血管病患者联络纤维的扩散张量成像分析和认知功能相关研究

【摘要】 目的 运用磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）基于白质地图的扩散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）技术研究皮质下缺血性血管病（subcortical ischemic vascular disease,SIVD）患者联络纤维的超微结构改变,并分析DTI参数与认知功能的关系。 方法 连续入选40例SIVD患者,分为血管性认知障碍组18例,无认知障碍组22例,另设立20例正常老年人为对照组。对三组进行MRI检查并对其白质改变进行评分,对联络纤维进行基于白质地图分析（atlase based analysis,ABA）DTI成像,比较组间部分各向异性指数（fractional anisotrophy,FA）、平均扩散率（mean diffusivity,MD）差异,并对SIVD患者DTI参数与蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）得分进行相关性分析。 结果 无认知障碍组较正常组在右侧矢状层（下纵束/下额枕束）、右侧扣带（海马部）及左侧上额枕束的FA值减低;认知障碍组较正常组存在广泛的联络纤维FA值降低,差异均具有显著性。无认知障碍组与正常组比较,仅左侧扣带海马部及左侧上纵束MD值无显著差异,余联络纤维的MD值均显著增高;认知障碍组较正常组存在广泛的联络纤维MD值增高,差异均具有显著性。与无认知功能障碍组比较,认知功能障碍组在双侧矢状层（下纵束/下额枕束）、双侧扣带扣带回部、海马部、双侧上纵束、双侧上额枕束及双侧钩束的FA值减低,MD值增高,差异具有显著性。SIVD患者双侧矢状层（下纵束/下额枕束）、扣带扣带回部、上纵束、上额枕束及钩束和左侧扣带海马部的FA值与MoCA评分呈正相关,MD值与MoCA评分呈负相关。 结论 SIVD患者联络纤维的FA值减低,MD值增高,且DTI参数与其认知功能密切相关。     

额叶癫(癎)执行功能损害及磁共振弥散张量成像研究

目的用磁共振弥散张量成像技术研究额叶癫患者执行功能损害的相关脑区及病理改变,探讨其可能的发生机制。方法对32例成人额叶癫患者和75例正常健康对照者进行神经心理检查,并对18例常规影像无病灶的额叶癫患者和20例正常健康对照者进行弥散张量成像扫描及统计分析。结果额叶癫患者组语义流畅性明显差于对照组,数字广度测验得分和90min正确填写数字符号个数明显低于对照组。与对照组比较,额叶癫患者右侧额叶MD值明显高于对照组;右侧外囊、尾状核和双侧丘脑的FA值明显低于对照组,差异具有显著性意义。相关分析显示双侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、左枕叶皮质下白质FA值与语义流畅性呈正相关。左侧内囊膝部、内囊后肢和丘脑MD值与MMSE呈负相关;双侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、额叶、枕叶相应白质内FA值与MMSE呈正相关。结论DTI显示额叶癫患者右侧额叶MD值明显增高、右侧外囊、尾状核和双侧丘脑的FA值明显减低,提示额叶癫患者在上述区域可能存在细微病理改变,执行功能可能超出前额叶的范围。     

额叶癫痫执行功能损害及磁共振弥散张量成像研究

目的用磁共振弥散张量成像技术研究额叶癫痫患者执行功能损害的相关脑区及病理改变，探讨其可能的发生机制。方法对32例成人额叶癫痫患者和75例正常健康对照者进行神经心理检查，并对18例常规影像无病灶的额叶癫痫患者和20例正常健康对照者进行弥散张量成像扫描及统计分析。结果额叶癫痫患者组语义流畅性明显差于对照组，数字广度测验得分和90min正确填写数字符号个数明显低于对照组。与对照组比较，额叶癫痫患者右侧额叶MD值明显高于对照组；右侧外囊、尾状核和双侧丘脑的FA值明显低于对照组，差异具有显著性意义。相关分析显示双侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、左枕叶皮质下白质FA值与语义流畅性呈正相关。左侧内囊膝部、内囊后肢和丘脑MD值与MMSE呈负相关；双侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、额叶、枕叶相应白质内FA值与MMSE呈正相关。结论DTI显示额叶癫疴患者右侧额叶MD值明显增高、右侧外囊、尾状核和双侧丘脑的FA值明显减低，提示额叶癫痫患者在上述区域可能存在细微病理改变，执行功能可能超出前额叶的范围。     

轻度认知功能障碍与脑白质弥散张量成像的相关性研究

目的通过磁共振弥散张量成像研究不同区域脑白质损害与轻度认知功能(MCI)的关系。方法纳入2015年7月至2016年2月我院的住院患者56例为研究对象,其中MCI组34例,认知功能正常组22例。所有研究对象进行一般情况检查,完成神经心理学量表检测。通过头颅磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)检查对不同脑区白质纤维进行部分各向异性(FA)值测量。结果 MCI组患者与认知功能正常组相比,右侧额叶FA值(0.335±0.068)、左侧颞叶白质FA值(0.391±0.032)及胼胝体膝部FA值(0.658±0.053)降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。将上述FA值和MMSE、Mo CA量表中各认知域进行典型相关分析,结果显示右侧额叶白质FA值与注意与计算力呈正相关,左侧颞叶白质和胼胝体膝部FA值与记忆力呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 MCI患者注意与计算力的障碍可能与右侧额叶白质损害有关,而左侧颞叶白质及胼胝体膝部白质的损害可能导致早期的记忆障碍。DTI可能成为超早期识别与诊断MCI的新方法。     

磁共振弥散张量成像对预测皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆患者认知功能障碍的价值

目的应用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)技术,探讨皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆(SIVD)患者不同联络纤维感兴趣区弥散张量参数改变与认知功能的关系。方法对60例SIVD患者和40例年龄匹配的非痴呆对照者,采用测定感兴趣区弥散张量参数的方法,比较其纤维束完整性差异及与神经心理学量表的关系。结果 (1)与对照组比较,SIVD组双侧下额枕束、双侧扣带束、左侧上纵束和胼胝体膝部的FA值显著下降及ADC值显著升高;(2)双侧额叶前部皮质下白质FA值与MMSE及Mo CA评分呈明显正相关;(3)双侧海马区、双侧扣带束的FA值与MMSE评分呈明显正相关。结论不同脑区的弥散张量参数变化特点有助于SIVD患者认知功能障碍的早期预测。     

皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害扩散张量成像研究

目的通过扩散张量成像(DTI)探讨皮质下缺血性血管性认知损害患者白质微结构变化及其与认知功能之间的相关性。方法采集49例皮质下缺血性脑血管病患者[轻度血管性痴呆(VaD)10例、非痴呆型血管性认知损害(VCIND)20例、认知功能正常19例]DTI数据并观察皮质下白质微结构改变,分析VaD组患者DTI参数与认知功能间的相关性。结果与对照组相比,VaD组内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体干、双侧顶叶、右侧颞叶、双侧眶额叶,以及VCIND组右侧额下回、右侧海马、双侧楔前叶FA值减低(均P=0.000);与VCIND组比较,VaD组内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体、双侧顶叶、右侧颞叶FA值减低(P=0.000)。与对照组相比,VaD组内侧前额叶、胼胝体、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶、前扣带回,以及VCIND组双侧楔前叶、右侧海马MD值升高(均P=0.000);与VCIND组相比,VaD组右侧内侧前额叶、前扣带回、胼胝体干、双侧顶叶、双侧颞叶MD值升高(均P=0.000)。VaD组内侧前额叶FA值与数字连线测验A时呈显著负相关(r=-0.782,P=0.007),双侧额下回MD值与数字连线试验A时程呈显著正相关(r=0.877,P=0.001)。结论 DTI对皮质下缺血性认知损害患者白质微结构改变更敏感,能够反映患者认知功能早期异常改变;内侧前额叶白质微结构的改变是影响患者执行能力的重要因素。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。