不同去骨瓣减压术式治疗重型颅脑损伤对比研究

目的分析不同去骨瓣减压术式治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果及对预后的影响。方法选取2011-01—2016-01张家港市第一人民医院治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者72例。根据手术方法分为观察组(n=37)与对照组(n=35)。2组均给予常规的术前治疗,观察组采取标准大骨瓣减压术,对照组采取常规去骨瓣减压术。观察2组治疗效果,术后颅内压、并发症发生情况及术后6个月GOS评分。结果观察组良好率64.86%,对照组为40.00%。观察组良好率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后颅内压明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后6个月GOS评分(4.34±0.44)分,对照组为(3.89±0.43)分。观察组GOS评分明显高于对照组(t=6.18,P0.05)。结论标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果显著,术后颅内压下降快,值得推广。     

持续颅内压监测对重型颅脑损伤标准大骨瓣减压术后治疗的影响

目的探讨持续颅内压监测在重型颅脑损伤中的意义。方法选取昆明市第一人民医院神经外科2016-01—2018-01收治的重型颅脑损伤行标准大骨瓣减压术患者51例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,观察组行联合持续颅内压监测和标准大骨瓣减压术,对照组仅行标准大骨瓣减压术。观察比较2组颅内压、GCS评分和预后情况。结果 2组治疗前颅内压水平无显著差异,治疗后较治疗前均有所下降(P0.05),观察组治疗后较对照组治疗后,颅内压水平更低(P0.05)。2组术前GCS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后7d较术前均增高(P0.05),观察组术后7dGCS评分较对照组术前GCS评分更高(P0.05)。观察组总有效率88.5%,对照组总有效率80.0%,观察组预后优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论持续颅内压监测有利于重型颅脑损伤标准大骨瓣减压术后的治疗。     

标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤疗效分析

目的 探讨应用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效及并发症发生情况.方法 对我院2010-01-2013-01收治的31例重型颅脑损伤患者应用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗,设为观察组;另选择本院2007-03-2009-11收治的30例应用常规骨瓣减压术治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者（设立为对照组）,对比2组的临床疗效、术后GCS评分及并发症情况.结果 2组临床疗效及预后比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后1个月GCS评分与手术前比较均有显著提高,但观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,2组并发症比较,差异无明显统计学意义.结论 标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤临床疗效好,并发症发生率低,预后好,值得推广和应用.     

改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压及预后的改善作用

目的探讨改良去大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压(ICP)及预后的改善作用。方法选取2013-05-2015-03我院收治的重型颅脑损伤患者76例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各38例,对照组采用标准去大骨瓣减压术,观察组采用改良去大骨瓣减压术。比较术前及术后第1、3、5天2组颅内压,同时采用生活质量评价量表(SF-36)、格拉斯哥昏迷评分表(GCS)评估预后,并记录并发症发生率。结果术后第1、3、5天观察组ICP水平[(20.33±1.01)mmHg、(17.62±1.65)mmHg、(13.54±2.31)mmHg]低于对照组(P0.05),对照组ICP在术后第3天开始明显下降(P0.05);术后1个月,观察组SF-36评分(84.57±1.25)分、GCS评分(13±1)分明显高于对照组(78.49±2.46)分、(12±2)分(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率5.3%低于对照组21.0%(P0.05)。结论改良去大骨瓣减压术可有效降低重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压,改善预后,且并发症发生率低于标准去大骨瓣减压术,值得临床推广应用。     

标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤临床分析

目的 分析标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效.方法 采用随机数字表法将130例重型颅脑损伤患者分为2组,常规组给予常规骨瓣开颅术,标准组给予标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术,观察术后6个月末临床疗效和并发症发生情况.结果 标准组术后6个月末良好率（40.00%）明显高于常规组（21.54%）,病死率（10.77%）明显低于常规组（27.69%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;标准组术后并发症发生率15.38%（10/65）明显低于常规组33.85%（22/65）,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=5.9694,P＜0.05）.结论 标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤效果确切,术野内暴露病变组织和脑结构充分,大范围骨窗可充分降低颅内高压,且术后并发症发生率低,在降低致残率、病死率和改善预后方面明显优于传统大骨瓣开颅减压术.     

标准外伤大骨瓣减压术在重型颅脑损伤 救治中的应用体会

目的 总结标准外伤大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的经验。方法 回顾性分析2015年7月至2016年8月手术治疗的103例重型颅脑损伤的临床资料，其中标准外伤大骨瓣减压术治疗50例（观察组），常规骨瓣减压术治疗53例（对照组）。结果 两组术前颅内压无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组术后1、3、7 d颅内压较术前均明显降低（P<0.05），而且，观察组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组术后并发症总发生率（18.0%）显著低于对照组（35.8%；P<0.05）。观察组术后6个月恢复良好率（52.0%）明显高于对照组（32.1%；P<0.05）。结论 标准外伤大骨瓣减压术在重型颅脑损伤中的应用增加救治成功率，降低并发症发生率，改善预后，效果优于常规骨瓣减压术。     

标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法 2012年2月至2015年2月收治重型颅脑损伤102例,采用常规颞顶骨瓣开颅术治疗51例(对照组),采用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗51例(观察组)。结果术后6个月,按GOS评分评估预后,对照组恢复良好12例,中残11例,重残13例,植物生存11例,死亡4例;观察组恢复良好26例,中残12例,重残7例,植物生存5例,死亡1例;观察组GOS评分明显优于对照组(P0.05)。对照组术后并发症发生率(39.2%)明显高于观察组(17.6%;P0.05)。减压术前,两组颅内压无统计学差异(P0.05)。减压术后1、5、10 d,两组颅内压较术前均明显降低(P0.05),而且,观察组降低更明显(P0.05)。结论与常规颞顶骨瓣开颅术相比,标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,能显著地降低颅内压,提高治疗效果。     

标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的探讨分析标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法将我院收治的100例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组50例,对照组行常规骨瓣开颅手术治疗,研究组行标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗,比较2组患者治疗后3个月的GCS评分以及术后并发症情况等。结果研究组患者在术后1周颅内压与手术前相比显著性降低(P0.05),并且其压力降低幅度大于对照组患者的降低幅度(P0.05);研究组的患者手术后3个月的GCS评分与对照组之间存在显著性差异(P0.05),且研究组患者术后并发症的发生率(14%)明显低于对照组(32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的患者,能使患者颅内压明显降低,并发症减少,且术后恢复良好,成功率高,值得在临床推广。     

标准外伤大骨瓣与常规骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤的效果

目的探讨标准外伤大骨瓣与常规骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤的效果。方法选取2013-01-2016-02我院收治的80例重型颅脑损伤患者为研究对象,按治疗方法分为大骨瓣组(40例)和常规组(40例);对比2组术后颅内压变化、再手术、术后并发症及预后情况。结果 2组术后24h再手术率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组术后颅内压改善均较术前明显(P0.05),且大骨瓣组明显优于常规组(P0.05);大骨瓣组术后并发症发生率为50.0%,常规组为72.5%,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经6~12个月随访,大骨瓣组预后情况明显优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤,具有术野大、操作方便、颅内减压彻底、再手术率低及并发症发生率低等优势,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

早期双侧去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤疗效分析

目的探讨预见性早期双侧去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤的有效性和安全性。方法共计92例重型颅脑创伤患者行预见性早期双侧去骨瓣减压术(观察组,42例)以及常规一线治疗后患侧去骨瓣减压术或双侧去骨瓣减压术(对照组,50例),监测手术前后颅内压,Glasgow预后分级评价预后,记录术后并发症。结果观察组患者创伤至手术时间少于对照组[(4.63±1.61)h对(36.61±1.92)h;t=32.464,P=0.001]。与术前相比,两组患者术后1 d颅内压即降低(P=0.001),至术后7d颅内压持续降低(P=0.001);与对照组相比,观察组患者颅内压降低(P=0.001)。92例患者中预后良好37例(40.22%),预后不良55例(59.78%),观察组预后良好率高于对照组[54.76%(23/42)对28%(14/50);χ~2=5.697,P=0.017],且两组41岁患者预后良好率高于≥41岁患者(χ~2=5.526,P=0.025)。92例患者中31例(33.70%)出现术后并发症,包括硬膜下积液11例(11.96%)、颅内出血4例(4.35%)、脑积水3例(3.26%)、感染4例(4.35%)、癫2例(2.17%)和器官功能障碍7例(7.61%),观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组[21.43%(9/42)对44%(22/50);χ~2=5.205,P=0.022]。结论预见性早期双侧去骨瓣减压术可以有效降低重型颅脑创伤患者颅内压,预防单侧去骨瓣减压术后的迟发性颅内血肿,明显改善预后,降低术后并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。