Scarlet fever in Poland in 2002

Following the last epidemic in 1995 the scarlet fever incidence in Poland has been gradually decreasing, on average 20% per year. The downward trend continued in 2002, the overall incidence rate being 10.6 per 100,000. It was the lowest incidence registered in Poland since the introduction of mandatory reporting of scarlet fever in 1918 (the lowest so far registered incidence rates were 15.2 in 2001 and 17.5 in 1918). Spatial distribution of cases was relatively even--incidence ranged from 5.0 per 100,000 in ?ódzkie voivodeship to 25.1 in opolskie voivodeship. As observed previously incidence in the urban areas (12.0) was significantly higher then in the rural areas (8.4) and the incidence in men (11.7) exceeded the incidence in women (9.6). The majority of cases occurred in children and adolescents younger then 15 years (mode--6 years). Two percent of cases were hospitalized. There were no deaths due to scarlet fever reported in 2002.     

Scarlet fever in Poland in 1999

Following the last compensatory epidemic of scarlet fever in 1995 the number of cases decreased, although the decrease rate was low. In 1999 the incidence rate for the entire country was 25.1 per 100,000 (range from 11.5 to 38.6 in different voivodeships). Incidence in urban areas was 92% higher than in rural areas. Two percent of cases were hospitalized. No scarlet fever deaths were noted. Children and adolescents under 14 years of age accounted for 96% cases. As in previous years, the highest incidence rates were noted among children aged 5 (247.4 per 100,000), 6 (277.3 per 100,000), and 7 years (242.3 per 100,000). In the last decade incidence peak has shifted from 4-6 to 6-7 year old age group. It was probably due to demographic and socioeconomic changes taking place in Poland.     

Scarlet fever in Poland in 2001

In 2001, as compared to 2000, a 29.5% decrease in the number of scarlet fever cases was noted. The incidence was 15.2 per 100,000 population and was one of the lowest since the World War I. In particular voivodeships incidence ranged from 5.7 to 28.8 per 100,000 population. In urban areas the incidence was 32.3% higher than in rural ones. Of all registered cases 91.9% were children under 15 years of age. The age distribution of scarlet fever cases in 2001 was similar to the distribution observed in the last decade. The highest incidence was noted among children aged 6 and 5,169.1 and 155.1 per 100,000 respectively. About 2.1% of all cases were hospitalised. No scarlet fever deaths were noted.     

Scarlet fever in Poland in 2000

In 2000, as compared with 1999, a 14% decrease in the number of scarlet fever cases was noted. The incidence was 21.6 per 100,000 population and was one of the lowest since World War II. In particular voivodeships incidence ranged from 9.4 to 34.3 per 100,000 population. In urban areas the incidence was 71.3% higher than in rural ones. Of all registered cases 95.3% were children under 15 years of age. The age distribution of scarlet fever cases in 2000 was similar to the distribution observed in the last decade. The highest incidence was noted among children aged 6 and 5, respectively 257.0 and 224.4 per 100,000. About 2.1% of all cases were hospitalized. No scarlet fever deaths were noted.     

2006-2018年南京市猩红热流行特征分析及疫情预测

目的 了解南京市猩红热流行特征,为制定防制策略提供依据。方法 采用“中国疾病监测信息系统”中病例报告系统收集的南京市2006-2018年猩红热病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。采用SPSS22.0软件建立南京市猩红热月发病率ARIMA模型,并对2019年的月发病率进行预测。结果 2006-2018年共报告猩红热病例1463例,无死亡病例,无聚集性暴发疫情;年均发病率为1.50/10万。2006-2018 年猩红热发病率呈总体上升趋势(r=0.37,P<0. 001）; 近年南京市猩红热发病时间曲线呈现双峰分布,集中于 4~6 月和11月~次年1 月。城区、近郊和远郊的发病率分别为0.52/10 万、4.19/10 万、0.85/10 万。病例主要集中在 4~8岁年龄段,占总病例数的72.11%。以幼托儿童和小学生为多,分别占发病总数的37.59%(559/1463)和50.99%(746/1463);男女性别比为1.48:1;预测2019年南京市猩红热年发病数为343,在4~6月和11~12 月各有一个发病高峰。结论 南京市猩红热发病有逐年增高趋势,预测显示2019年猩红热发病率略高于2018年,应采取有效防控措施来降低猩红热发病率。     

Scarlet fever in 1998

Following last compensatory epidemic of scarlet fever in 1995 number of cases decreases more slowly then after earlier epidemics. In 1998 incidence for the whole country was 41.9 per 100,000 with a range of 9.2 to 72.5 for individual voivodeships. Relations between incidence and age, gender and habitation (rural vs. urban areas) did not change. In 1998 the highest incidence was noted among children 6 years old (462.4) and 7 years old (440.5). Incidence among men was slightly higher (44.5) then women (39.4). Incidence in urban areas (52.8) more than twofold surpassed incidence in rural areas (24.2). 1% of cases were hospitalized. There were not any fatalities noted.     

Hepatitis C in Poland in 2003

HCV surveillance in Poland is based on registration of newly detected both acute and chronic cases. The data from 1999 - 2003 demonstrate a slight upward trend with an increase in incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 annually. In 2003 there were 2,255 registered cases (incidence 5.9 per 100,000), including 5.2% mixed HCV/HBV infections. The incidence in the urban areas (7.6 per 100,000) was two times higher then the incidence in rural areas (3.1) and the incidence in men (7.0) was 42% higher then in women (4.9). In men the highest incidence was noted in the age group 20 to 24 years (10.8 per 100,000) and in women in the age group 60 - 64 years (9.4). Geographically, the incidence varied from 0.8 per 100,000 in Podlaskie to 16.6 per 100,000 in Swietokrzyskie voyvodship. In total 80.8% of the cases were hospitalised. In several voyvodships the percentage of hospitalised cases was higher, reaching even 100%. This suggests low surveillance sensitivity to less severe cases in these areas. There were 116 deaths from hepatitis C in Poland in 2003. Deaths attributed to HCV infection accounted for 4.2% of all infectious disease deaths in 2003.     

Mumps in Poland in 1999

In 1999, 90,214 cases of mumps were reported. Incidence of 233.4 per 100,000 was two and a half times lower than in the previous year. More then five percent (5.8%) of cases were admitted to hospitals (5,188). The percentage of hospitalised children ranged from 2.6% in ?laskie voivodeship to 9.9% in pomorskie voivodeship. Children in the 5 to 9 age group were mostly affected (incidence ranged from 1,581 to 2,295 per 100,000). Patients in this age group constituted 55% of total number of mumps cases. MMR vaccine is still not included into the national programme of immunization; instead monovalent measles vaccine is recommended and MMR vaccine is used on voluntary basis.     

2014—2020年上海市松江区猩红热时空分布特征分析

目的 分析2014—2020年上海市松江区猩红热空间自相关性和时空聚集性分布特征，探讨松江区猩红热高发地区和聚集时间，为猩红热防控工作提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学、空间自相关和时空扫描聚集性分析方法对2014—2020年上海市松江区猩红热疫情数据进行分析。结果 2014—2020年上海市松江区累计报告猩红热病例3 328例，年均报告发病率25.03/10万。猩红热发病季节性显著，4—6月和11月至次年1月两个发病高峰。病例集中在4～10岁，占总发病人数的89.12%,学生、幼托儿童为猩红热高发人群。全局空间自相关分析显示松江区猩红热发病呈空间正相关，且P<0.05;局部自相关分析显示猩红热分布主要呈现“高-高”“低-低”“低-高”模式；分析显示热点区域集中在松江区东北部的九亭镇，冷点区域主要集中在西南地区。逐年时空扫描结果显示2014—2020年均存在高风险聚集区域，聚集区域为中心城区和东北部，聚集时段多为4—6月或11月至次年1月，与发病高峰基本一致。结论 2014—2020年松江区猩红热发病存在显著季节性和空间聚集性，中心城区和东北部街道/镇是猩红热防控重点区域。     

2004-2010年郑州市猩红热流行特征分析

目的分析2004-2010年郑州市猩红热流行特点和规律,探讨郑州市猩红热防治对策。方法运用描述流行病学方法对2004-2010年郑州市猩红热资料进行分析。结果郑州市猩红热以散发为主,年平均发病率为4.15/10万;城区发病高于农村(P<0.01);发病高峰集中在冬春季;发病人群以10岁以下儿童为主,职业以学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童为主。结论儿童是预防控制猩红热的重点人群,加强对学校和托幼机构的传染病防控措施的落实,加大的预防知识宣传教育,增强广大民众的自我防病意识是预防控制猩红热的关键。     

2017—2020年北京市猩红热流行病学特征及监测系统代表性分析

目的 分析2017—2020年北京市猩红热流行特征及监测系统代表性,了解猩红热的流行规律,探讨发病影响因素。方法 应用描述性流行病学方法对2017—2020年猩红热发病率、病例分类、人口学特征、发病时间进行描述分析,应用Pearson相关分析对2015—2020年哨点医院报告病例数、哨点医院报告病例病原学检测阳性率、全市报告猩红热病例数进行相关性分析。结果 2017—2020年北京市共报告猩红热病例11 324例,2017年报告病例数及发病率最高(16.77/10万),发病率整体呈下降趋势。冬季发病高峰报告病例数高于春夏季发病高峰(4 298例vs.3 907例)。男性占比(60.65%)高于女性(39.35%),3～9岁年龄组占比最高(93.04%),病例主要为学生(46.55%)和幼托儿童(44.83%)。病例中城区占比(55.64%)高于郊区(39.61%),外省病例中67.78%为北京儿童医院报告。临床诊断病例占比最高(95.90%)。北京市监测系统中哨点医院报告病例数变化趋势与全市猩红热病例变化趋势基本一致(r=0.882,P<0.001)。结论 2017—2020年北...     

Measles in Poland in 2000

The decreasing tendency in the number of measles cases has been observed (incidence 0.2 per 100,000). No cases were noted in two voivodeships, in 6 voivodeship from one to two cases were noted. In the remaining 8 voivodeships the highest incidence was noted in Slaskie and Wielkopolskie voivodeships (0.4 per 100,000). Comparing to 1999 the incidence among children aged 0-4 decreased nearly three times from 1.4 to 0.5 per 100,000 whereas the incidence among children aged 8 and 9 and adults aged 20-24 increased. Serological confirmation of cases suspected for measles improved too slowly (assay for IgM)--out of 107 suspected cases only 49 (47.6%) were serologically tested.     

Hepatitis B in Poland in 2002

Noticeable downward trend of hepatitis B incidence in Poland continued in 2002. In total 2,021 new cases were reported, 84 (4.2%) of which concerned people co-infected with HBV and HCV. The registered incidence, 5.3 per 100,000 population, was 15% lower then in 2001. As in previous years, the incidence in the urban areas (5.7) exceeded the incidence in the rural areas (4.6) and it was higher in men (6.6) then in women (4.0). Comparing the incidence across the regions, the rate ratio between the voivodeship with the highest and the lowest incidence (respectively 13.2 in kujawsko-pomorskie and 2.1 in podkarpackie) was 6.3. In the voivodeships with the highest incidence the age distribution differed significantly from the rest of the country suggesting the necessity of appropriate modifications in the national prevention program. Overall the most affected age groups were the elderly (incidence 8.1 in persons over 74 years of age, 7.9 in 65-74 year olds and 7.3 in 60-64 year olds) and young adults (incidence 6.5 among 20-24 year olds). Approximately 96% of cases were hospitalized. According to preliminary data there were 100 deaths due to acute of chronic hepatitis B in Poland in 2002.     

Rubella in Poland in 2003

In Poland, 10,588 cases of rubella were registered in 2003 (incidence 27.7 per 100,000 population). No cases of congenital rubella syndrome were reported. A 74% decrease in incidence was noted, compared to 2002. Across voivodeships, the incidence ranged from 113.1 per 100,000 in warmińsko-mazurskie to 6.2 per 100,000 in lódzkie. As in 2002 rubella incidence among residents of urban areas was lower, compared to residents of rural areas (26.4 and 29.8, respectively). The incidence in men (32.3) was 38% higher than in women (23.4) and this difference appears to systematically increase with routine vaccination of 13-year old girls. The highest incidence was observed in children aged 7 (242.0 per 100,000) and 8 years (209.3). Approximately 0.5% of cases required hospital admission. No rubella deaths were registered.     

2004-2014年郑州市猩红热流行特征分析

目的 分析2004-2014年郑州市猩红热流行特征,为制定防控策略和开展防治工作提供科学依据。方法 用描述流行病学方法对2004-2014年郑州市猩红热疫情资料进行分析。结果 2004-2014年郑州市猩红热年均报告发病率为4.30/10万;男女性别比为1.75∶1;5-6月和11-12月报告发病数分别占全年报告发病数的34.15%、34.97%;发病年龄以0~10岁年龄组为主,占98.30%;学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童报告发病数分别占全部报告发病数的36.95%、39.36%、22.76%。结论 学校和托幼机构是猩红热高发场所,应加强学校和托幼机构疫情监测工作,防止暴发流行。     

济南市2014—2018年猩红热流行特征及时空聚集性分析

目的 研究济南市猩红热的流行特征,并对时空聚集性进行分析,为猩红热的防控工作提供依据。方法 从国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中获取济南市2014—2018年猩红热疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法及时空重排扫描统计方法分析猩红热病例的流行病学和时空分布特征。结果 2014—2018年济南市累计报告猩红热7 297例,年均发病率20.46/10万。全年出现冬季和春季2个发病高峰。病例主要集中在1~9岁儿童,幼托儿童、学生及散居儿童发病数占总病例数的99.70%,男女性别比1.70∶1。市中区、历城区、槐荫区、天桥区、历下区是主要高发地区,占病例总数的83.50%。按年进行时空聚集性分析,每年均探测到3个时空聚集区,具有显著时空聚集性。结论 2014—2018年济南市猩红热处于上升趋势,学校和托幼机构是发病的高危场所,应根据时空分布及流行特征,制定相应的防控措施,控制猩红热的发生和扩散。     

2005 - 2016年渭南市猩红热流行特征分析

目的 了解渭南市猩红热发病特点和流行趋势,为提出针对性的防控措施提供支持。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对渭南市2005 - 2016年猩红热疫情资料进行分析。结果 渭南市2005 - 2016年共报告猩红热839例,年均发病率为1.310/10万;发病整体为逐年上升趋势;发病呈冬春季高发的季节特征,于4 - 6月出现大高峰,10月 - 次年1月出现小高峰;各县区均有发病,以临渭（179例）、澄城（155例）、蒲城（116例）累计报告发病数最高;男性病例498例,女性341例,男女之比1.46∶1;病例主要集中在15岁以下,占病例总数的90.46%;以学生和幼托儿童为主,占病例总数的79.26%。结论 近年来,渭南市猩红热发病呈上升趋势。今后应在冬春季加强幼儿园和中小学的疫情监测,重点培养幼托儿童和中小学生的卫生习惯,加强校舍的通风和公共设施的消毒等综合性防控措施以减少发病。     

山东省2011-2018年猩红热流行特征及空间聚集性分析

目的探讨山东省2011-2018年猩红热流行特征及空间聚集性,为猩红热科学防控提供依据。方法收集山东省2011-2018年猩红热报告病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法和空间自相关分析方法对资料进行分析。结果山东省2011-2018年共报告猩红热病例45 936例,年均报告发病率为5.84/10万;经χ_趋势~2检验,逐年发病率呈上升趋势(χ_趋势~2=5 317.16,P<0.001)。4-6月和11月-次年1月为发病高峰期。男女性发病率比为1.62∶1;3~9岁病例数最多,占88.94%;幼托儿童(42.42%)、学生(36.94%)和散居儿童(19.50%)占比例最高。全局空间自相关结果显示,2011-2018年山东省猩红热报告发病率全局Moran’s I指数分别为0.374、0.452、0.411、0.439、0.437、0.418、0.478和0.465(均有P<0.001),提示发病存在空间聚集性。局部空间自相关结果显示"高-高"聚集区主要集中在济南和青岛两市的主城区,与高发病率地区较为一致。"低-低"聚集区则主要位于鲁西南和鲁西北地区。结论山东省2011-2018年猩红热发病存在流行和空间聚集性,应加大对高发季节、高危人群和高聚集区域的监测管理,采取针对性的防控措施,控制其传播和蔓延。     

Measles in Poland in 2001

The number of notified measles cases in Poland in 2001 was 133, incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 0.3. The low incidence has been observed for the last 3 years. Only 73 out of 133 cases were serologically confirmed, 6 other cases were epidemiologically linked to the laboratory confirmed cases. Unvaccinated cases have accounted for almost half of cases. Differences in incidence were noticed across the country and ranged from 0 cases in Opolskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships to 0.7/100,000 in Ma?opolskie and 1.0/100,000 in Swietokrzyskie voivodeship. The highest incidence was observed in the children one year of age (3.7/100,000) and seven years old (2.3/100,000), however, in general, the age distribution of cases has been shifted toward older ages with 44 cases (33% of all cases) in adults. A proportion of children 13-24 months of age vaccinated with first dose of measles vaccine was 77.1%, and proportion of seven years old children vaccinated with second dose of measles vaccine was 81.7%.     

北京市平谷区2003—2009年猩红热流行特征

目的分析北京市平谷区猩红热流行特征,为防治工作提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对平谷区疾病预防控制中心的2003—2009年猩红热病例资料进行分析。结果 2003—2009年平谷区猩红热发病153例。2006、2007年为平谷区猩红热高发时期。2006年发病率最高,为18.24/10万;2004年发病率最低,为0.25/10万。猩红热总体发病呈下降趋势,有一定程度的波动。以中小学生(45.10%)和幼托儿童(47.06%)构成最高。男性(64.71%)高于女性(35.29%)。城区(53.59%)高于农村(46.41%)。近几年发病高峰集中在5、6月份(2个月发病占12个月中的52.94%)。结论学校、托幼机构是猩红热发病的高危环境,各级医疗保健科应针对在学习生活的群体进行经常性传染病知识培训、宣传、指导。学生、托幼儿童是防治的重点人群,卫生部门应联合教委通过有效的综合防控措施,防止暴发,使平谷区猩红热发病处于较低水平。