超高b值MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌检出的201例组织病理对照性研究

目的评价不同b值MR扩散加权成像(DWI)对前列腺癌的检出价值。方法共201例前列腺全切术前行MRI检查的病人纳入研究。分别对扫描的3个序列进行影像     

MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在前列腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值.资料与方法 40例前列腺疾病中17例前列腺癌及23例前列腺增生.所有病例行MR DWI扫描,b值为800 s/mm2.分析各病例的DWI和表观扩散系数(ADC)图表现,并分别测量癌区、前列腺增生组织以及膀胱内尿液的ADC值,统计分析组间是否存在差异.结果 17例前列腺癌中15例在DWI上呈明显高信号,ADC图呈低信号,能直观显示肿瘤的范围.前列腺癌组织的平均ADC值为(1.03±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s,前列腺增生组织的平均ADC值为(1.62±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间有统计学意义(P=0.002);前列腺癌与前列腺增生的膀胱内尿液的平均ADC值分别为(3.24±0.30)×10-3 mm2/s、(3.25±0.29)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间无统计学意义(P=0.834).结论 DWI可显示前列腺癌的位置和侵犯范围;根据DWI信号特点以及ADC值可以提高前列腺癌的诊断准确率,对前列腺癌与前列腺增生具有较高的鉴别诊断价值.     

MR扩散加权成像评估前列腺癌细胞密度的应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)评价前列腺癌(PCa)细胞密度的价值.方法 使用Siemens Sonata 1.5 T高场强超导MR成像设备和腹部相控阵线圈,采用EPI序列对38例资料完整的前列腺癌病人行DWI检查.根据常规HE染色病理图片记录前列腺癌细胞密度.ADC与细胞密度相关性分析用Pearson相关分析.结果 PCa、前列腺增生区和正常外周带的平均ADC值分别为(49.32±12.68)×10-5 mm2/s,(86.73±26.75)×10-5 mm2/s,(126.25±27.21)×10-5mm2/s,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCa细胞密度平均值为12.9%,ADC值与细胞密度存在负相关性(r=-0.646,P＜0.05).结论 细胞密度是影响组织扩散特性的重要因素,ADC值能较好反映组织微观结构特点.     

MR扩散加权成像评估前列腺癌细胞密度的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）及表观扩散系数（ADC）评价前列腺癌（PCa）细胞密度的价值。方法使用Siemens Sonata 1．5T高场强超导MR成像设备和腹部相控阵线圈，采用EPI序列对38例资料完整的前列腺癌病人行DWI检查。根据常规HE染色病理图片记录前列腺癌细胞密度。ADC与细胞密度相关性分析用Pearson相关分析。结果PCa、前列腺增生区和正常外周带的平均ADC值分别为（49．32±12．68）×10^-5mm^2／s，（86．73±26．75）×10^-5mm^2／s，（126.25±27．21）×10^-5mm^2／s，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PCa细胞密度平均值为12．9％，ADC值与细胞密度存在负相关性（r=-0．646，P〈0．05）。结论细胞密度是影响组织扩散特性的重要因素，ADC值能较好反映组织微观结构特点。     

MR扩散加权成像评价前列腺癌生物学特性的研究

目的通过分析前列腺癌的ADC值与病理Gleason评分的相关性,探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)对前列腺癌生物学特性的评估价值。资料与方法 40例前列腺癌行MR DWI扫描,b值为800 s/mm2。测量各病例的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,并与病理Gleason评分进行对照,统计分析是否存在差异性以及相关性分析。结果 40例前列腺癌Gleason评分5~6分,7分,8~10分分别为11例,14例,15例,平均ADC值分别为(1.11±0.24)×10-3mm2/s、(0.96±0.27)×10-3mm2/s及(0.83±0.13)×10-3mm2/s,经方差分析有统计学意义(F=3.69,P<0.05);前列腺癌的ADC值与Gleason评分呈负相关(r=-0.43,P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌的ADC值与Gleason评分呈负相关,ADC值有可能作为非侵袭性手段来判断前列腺癌的生物学特性及其预后。     

扩散加权成像在膀胱肿瘤中的应用进展

扩散加权成像（DWI）技术具有无创、高效、操作简便等优势,能反映活体组织细胞内水分子的扩散特性,通过测定表观扩散系数（ADC）值大小,可获得组织内病理、生理信息,进而对组织结构及功能状态进行无创诊断。 DWI结合常规MRI影像可提高膀胱肿瘤早期诊断、临床分期、鉴别复发与放化疗炎症反应、放化疗疗效评价的准确性和特异性,在膀胱肿瘤治疗策略的选择和优化中具有重要价值。     

胆囊癌多b值磁共振扩散加权成像的临床应用

目的 评价不同b值磁共振扩散加权成像对胆囊癌的显示能力和最佳b值的选择;并探讨表观扩散系数值与胆囊癌分化程度的关系.方法 对33例胆囊癌患者术前行常规MRI和DWI检查.测量肿瘤的ADC值,计算多b值扩散成像和T2 WI图像中的信噪比、对比噪声比及信号强度比等数据;对经手术病理证实的33例胆囊癌患者进行病理分级,比较不同b值时不同分化程度胆囊腺癌的ADC值;并进行统计学分析.结果 33例胆囊癌病灶均被DWI检出,肿瘤的SNR和肿瘤与正常肝脏的CNR随b值的增加逐渐下降,而肿瘤的SIR随b值增加逐渐升高.b值800s/mm2时DWI图像肿瘤与正常肝脏的CNR、肿瘤的SIR和SNR均高于T2WI,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.胆囊腺癌的ADC值随着b值增高逐渐变小,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 胆囊癌扩散加权成像的最佳b值为800s/mm2,可以得到胆囊癌的良好显示;胆囊腺癌ADC值随着肿瘤分化程度的降低而减小.     

MR扩散加权成像在上腹部的应用

扩散加权成像(diffusionweightedimaging ,DWI)是在活体上进行水分子扩散测量与成像的唯一方法,对中枢神经系统特别是脑缺血的临床价值已被广泛肯定[1 ,2 ] 。随着磁共振技术的发展,DWI也从神经系统向其它系统推广[3 5] 。本文着重阐述DWI在上腹部的应用。DWI的基本原理扩散指     

直肠癌术前3.0T MR扩散加权成像b值的优化

目的 比较不同扩散敏感系数(b值)对直肠癌病变的显示及对背景的抑制能力,探讨直肠癌术前3.0TMR扩散加权成像(DWI)的合理b值.方法 经病理证实直肠癌36例,术前行3.0 T MR DWI,b值取500、800、1000、1200、1500 s/mm2.分析各b值对肿瘤信号强度(ST),肿瘤信噪比(SNR),肿瘤与直肠系膜(CNRT/F)、肿瘤与盆壁肌肉(CNRT/M)等对比噪声比(CNR)的影响,以及各b值对肿瘤病变的显示及对背景的抑制能力.结果 ST、SNR、CNRT/F及CNRT/M分别在b值为1000 s/mm2～1200 s/mm2之间差异无明显统计学意义(P =0.22,P=0.119,P=0.102,P=0.161),而在b值＜1000或＞1200 s/mm2时差异有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05).在各b值对肿瘤病变的显示及对背景的抑制能力判定中,主观评分在b值为1000 s/mm2～ 1200 s/mm2之间及1200 s/mm2～1500s/mm2之间差异无明显统计学意义(P =0.067、P--0.110),而在b值＜1000 s/mm2时差异有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 当b值取1000或1200 s/mm2时,既能获得良好的DWI图像,又能满足诊断需求,可作为直肠癌术前3.0 TMR扩散加权成像的合理b值.     

高b值扩散加权成像在胶质瘤中的研究进展

胶质瘤是成人原发性颅内肿瘤中最常见的一种恶性肿瘤,不同级别的胶质瘤采用的治疗方法不同.因此,术前准确地判断肿瘤的级别对指导肿瘤治疗及判断预后有着重要的临床意义.常规影像学方法,利用扩散加权成像(DWI)对胶质瘤进行定性、定量分析是近年来的研究热点,就高b值DWI在胶质瘤术前分级、预测放化疗后治疗效果以及肿瘤术后复发与放射性脑损伤的鉴别作一综述.     

The utility of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in cervical cancer

Purpose

To investigate the value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in detection of cervical cancer, and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for evaluating cervical cancer before and after chemoradiotherapy.

Materials and methods

Thirty-three patients with cervical squamous carcinoma and 20 patients with other pelvic abnormalities underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in addition to routine MR imaging. The ADC values of normal cervical tissue, cervical area before and after chemoradiotherapy were measured and compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to investigate whether ADC values could help in discrimination among normal cervical tissue, cervical cancer before and after therapy, and to obtain the optimal ADC threshold value.

Results

Cervical cancer lesion demonstrated obviously hyperintensity on DWI images. The mean ADC value of cervical carcinoma (1.110 ± 0.175 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) was significantly lower than that of normal cervical tissue (1.593 ± 0.151 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) (P < 0.001). The mean ADC value of the cervical area in 22 patients treated by chemoradiotherapy (1.436 ± 0.129 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) was significantly higher than that before therapy (1.013 ± 0.094 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) (P < 0.001). The difference of ADC values between normal cervical tissue and cervical area after therapy was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The optimal ADC threshold values for distinguishing between normal cervical tissue and cervical carcinoma was 1.359 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, between cervical area before and after therapy was 1.255 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, between normal cervical tissue and cervical area after therapy was 1.525 × 10⁻³ mm²/s. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 84.8%, 95.5% and 100%, 70% and 81.8%, respectively.

Conclusion

DWI can be applied for the detection of cervical cancer because of its superior disease contrast with normal tissue. The measurement of the ADC values can be a useful tool to monitor the response to therapy for cervical carcinoma.     

Updates in advanced diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the evaluation of prostate cancer

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is considered part of the standard imaging protocol for the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer. It has been proven valuable as a functional tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prostate cancer beyond anatomical MRI sequences such as T2-weighted imaging. This review discusses ongoing controversies in DW-MRI acquisition, including the optimal number of b-values to be used for prostate DWI, and summarizes the current literature on the use of advanced DW-MRI techniques. These include intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, which better accounts for the non-mono-exponential behavior of the apparent diffusion coefficient as a function of b-value and the influence of perfusion at low b-values. Another technique is diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Metrics from DKI reflect excess kurtosis of tissues, representing its deviation from Gaussian diffusion behavior. Preliminary results suggest that DKI findings may have more value than findings from conventional DW-MRI for the assessment of prostate cancer.     

体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨多b值扩散加权成像（DWI）序列在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法：经超声引导下行前列腺穿刺活检病理证实为前列腺癌的7例患者及非前列腺癌的4例患者纳入本组研究,所有患者均行多b值DwI序列（b值分别为0、188、375、563和750s／mm2）扫描。应用双指数模型（体素不相干运动模型）进行分析,计算并比较分析前列腺癌区和非癌区的相对纯扩散值D和灌注分数f的差异。结果：癌区的D值和f值分别为（0．77±0．20）×10^-3mm^2／s和（8．66±3．07）％,非癌区的D值和f值分别为（1．53±0．48）×10^-3mm2／s和（2．27±1．16）％。癌区的D值低于非癌区,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）;癌区的f值高于非癌区,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：多b值DWI序列可获取前列腺组织真实水分子扩散运动及微灌注相关信息,可为前列腺癌的诊断提供重要信息。     

Prostate cancer detection with 3-T MRI: comparison of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted imaging

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical value of diffusion-weighted (DW) and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging in detecting prostate cancer using a 3-Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance (MR) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with suspected prostate cancer underwent T2W and DW imaging at 3T using an 8-channel phased-array coil. These images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were read retrospectively and blindly. The results were compared with histopathologic findings, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the cancer detection performance of T2W and DW imaging. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curves for DW imaging and T2W imaging were 0.89 and 0.82, respectively. The performance of DW imaging in prostate cancer detection was significantly better than that of T2W imaging (P=0.0371). CONCLUSION: With a 3T MR system, the performance of DW imaging in detecting prostate cancer was better than that of T2W imaging. DW imaging appears to be a robust and reliable method to examine the whole prostate within an acceptable scan time in clinical settings.     

前列腺中央腺体偶发癌与中央腺体癌的MR扩散加权成像

目的:运用MR扩散加权成像对前列腺中央腺体偶发癌和中央腺体癌的表现扩散系数值(ADC值)进行定量分析.方法:回顾性分析8例前列腺中央腺体偶发癌和32例中央腺体癌患者病例资料,比较两者ADC值.结果:①中央腺体ADC值:前列腺中央腺体偶发癌组与中央腺体癌组分别为(1.48±0.18)×10-3mm2/s、(1.20±0....     

MR-perfusion (MRP) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in prostate cancer: Quantitative and model-based gadobenate dimeglumine MRP parameters in detection of prostate cancer

Background

Various MR methods, including MR-spectroscopy (MRS), dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been applied to improve test quality of standard MRI of the prostate.

Purpose

To determine if quantitative, model-based MR-perfusion (MRP) with gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) discriminates between prostate cancer, benign tissue, and transitional zone (TZ) tissue.

Material and methods

27 patients (age, 65 ± 4 years; PSA 11.0 ± 6.1 ng/ml) with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer underwent standard MRI, 3D MR-spectroscopy (MRS), and MRP with Gd-BOPTA. Based on results of combined MRI/MRS and subsequent guided prostate biopsy alone (17/27), biopsy and radical prostatectomy (9/27), or sufficient negative follow-up (7/27), maps of model-free, deconvolution-based mean transit time (dMTT) were generated for 29 benign regions (bROIs), 14 cancer regions (cROIs), and 18 regions of transitional zone (tzROIs). Applying a 2-compartment exchange model, quantitative perfusion analysis was performed including as parameters: plasma flow (PF), plasma volume (PV), plasma mean transit time (PMTT), extraction flow (EFL), extraction fraction (EFR), interstitial volume (IV) and interstitial mean transit time (IMTT). Two-sided T-tests (significance level p < 0.05) discriminated bROIs vs. cROIs and cROIs vs. tzROIs, respectively.

Results

PMTT discriminated best between bROIs (11.8 ± 3.0 s) and cROIs (24.3 ± 9.6 s) (p < 0.0001), while PF, PV, PS, EFR, IV, IMTT also differed significantly (p 0.00002-0.0136). Discrimination between cROIs and tzROIs was insignificant for all parameters except PV (14.3 ± 2.5 ml vs. 17.6 ± 2.6 ml, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Besides MRI, MRS and DWI quantitative, 2-compartment MRP with Gd-BOPTA discriminates between prostate cancer and benign tissue with several parameters. However, distinction of prostate cancer and TZ does not appear to be reliable.     

Feasibility study of computed vs measured high b-value (1400 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted MR images of the prostate

AIM: To evaluate the impact of computed b = 1400 s/mm² (C-b1400) vs measured b = 1400 s/mm² (M-b1400) diffusion-weighted images (DWI) on lesion detection rate, image quality and quality of lesion demarcation using a modern 3T-MR system based on a small-field-of-view sequence (sFOV).METHODS: Thirty patients (PSA: 9.5 ± 8.7 ng/mL; 68 ± 12 years) referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate were enrolled in this study. All measurements were performed on a 3T MR system. For DWI, a single-shot EPI diffusion sequence (b = 0, 100, 400, 800 s/mm²) was utilized. C-b1400 was calculated voxelwise from the ADC and diffusion images. Additionally, M-b1400 was acquired for evaluation and comparison. Lesion detection rate and maximum lesion diameters were obtained and compared. Image quality and quality of lesion demarcation were rated according to a 5-point Likert-type scale. Ratios of lesion-to-bladder as well as prostate-to-bladder signal intensity (SI) were calculated to estimate the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR).RESULTS: Twenty-four lesions were detected on M-b1400 images and compared to C-b1400 images. C-b1400 detected three additional cancer suspicious lesions. Overall image quality was rated significantly better and SI ratios were significantly higher on C-b1400 (2.3 ± 0.8 vs 3.1 ± 1.0, P < 0.001; 5.6 ± 1.8 vs 2.8 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). Comparison of lesion size showed no significant differences between C- and M-b1400 (P = 0.22).CONCLUSION: Combination of a high b-value extrapolation and sFOV may contribute to increase diagnostic accuracy of DWI without an increase of acquisition time, which may be useful to guide targeted prostate biopsies and to improve quality of multiparametric MRI (mMRI) especially under economical aspects in a private practice setting.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对于颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对于颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿术前常规MRI和DWI的信号特征。结果:11例均为单发;7例表现为囊状均匀性长T1长T2信号,4例病灶信号不均匀,以长T1长T2信号为主,其内混杂少许等T1等T2信号;5例行增强扫描均未见异常强化;所有病灶在DWI上均表现为明显高信号,边界清楚,ADC图表现为中等信号。结论:DWI对于颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值,应作为首选检查与常规扫描同时应用。     

MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging of prostate cancer with Gleason scores

Purpose:

To investigate functional changes in prostate cancer patients with three pathologically proven different Gleason scores (GS) (3+3, 3+4, and 4+3) using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).

Materials and Methods:

In this study MRSI and DWI data were acquired in 41 prostate cancer patients using a 1.5T MRI scanner with a body matrix combined with an endorectal coil. The metabolite ratios of (Cho+Cr)/Cit were calculated from the peak integrals of total choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and citrate (Cit) in MRSI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were derived from DWI for three groups of Gleason scores. The sensitivity and specificity of MRSI and DWI in patients were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

Results:

The mean and standard deviation of (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios of GS 3+3, GS 3+4, and GS 4+3 were: 0.44 ± 0.02, 0.56 ± 0.06, and 0.88 ± 0.11, respectively. For the DWI, the mean and standard deviation of ADC values in GS 3+3, GS 3+4, and GS 4+3 were: 1.13 ± 0.11, 0.97 ± 0.10, and 0.83 ± 0.08 mm²/sec, respectively. Statistical significances were observed between the GS and metabolite ratio as well as ADC values and GS.

Conclusion:

Combined MRSI and DWI helps identify the presence and the proportion of aggressive cancer (ie, Gleason grade 4) that might not be apparent on biopsy sampling. This information can guide subsequent rebiopsy management, especially for active surveillance programs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:697–703. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in esophageal cancer

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in detecting esophageal cancer and assessing lymph-node status, compared with histopathological results. DWI was prospectively performed in 24 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer, using the diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) sequence. DWIBS images were fused with T2-weighted images, and independently and blindly evaluated by three board-certified radiologists, regarding primary tumor detectability and lymph-node status. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the primary tumor and lymph nodes were also measured. Average primary tumor detection rate was 49.4%, average patient-based sensitivity and specificity for the detection of lymph-node metastasis were 77.8 and 55.6%, and average lymph-node group-based sensitivity and specificity were 39.4 and 92.6%. There were no interobserver differences among the three readers (P < 0.0001). Mean ADC of detected primary tumors was 1.26 ± 0.29×10⁻³ mm²/s. Mean ADC of metastatic lymph nodes (1.46 ± 0.35×10⁻³ mm²/s) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of nonmetastatic lymph nodes (1.15 ± 0.24 mm²/s), but ADCs of both groups overlapped. In conclusion, this study suggests that DWI only has a limited role in detecting esophageal cancer and nodal staging.