后外侧联合后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折的临床研究

目的观察后外侧联合后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折手术方法及临床疗效。方法对13例胫骨平台后柱骨折采用后外侧联合后内侧入路切开复位内固定术进行治疗。比较术后即刻、12个月的胫骨平台内翻角(TPA)、胫骨平台后倾角(PA)。采用HSS膝关节评分及膝关节活动度(ROM)评价术后疗效。结果本组均获12~20个月随访,骨折全部愈合,术后12个月HSS膝关节评分73~92分,平均(82.4±6.8)分,ROM平均为(121.6±1.2)°。术后即刻与12个月TPA、PA度数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论后内侧联合后外侧入路可治疗广泛而复杂的胫骨平台后柱骨折,采用双切口对于后内侧和后外侧骨折复位和固定都较充分,对软组织创伤较小,利于关节功能恢复。     

改良后内侧、后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后髁骨折

目的 探讨改良后内侧、后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后髁骨折的疗效.方法 对2006年1月至2011年10月收治且获得随访的25例胫骨平台后髁骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,男17例,女8例;年龄22～76岁,平均46.4岁.骨折按AO/OTA分型:41-B1型4例,41-B2型6例,41-B3型15例;按Luo等提出的三柱分型均为后柱骨折.10例胫骨平台后外侧髁骨折患者采用改良后外侧入路,15例胫骨平台后内侧髁骨折患者采用改良后内侧入路,后方骨折使用支撑钢板固定.末次随访时根据美国特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分系统评定膝关节功能恢复情况. 结果 25例患者术后获平均13.2个月(10 ～ 24个月)随访.术后即刻骨折复位质量Rasmussen评分为13～18分,平均16.5分;其中优20例,良4例,可l例,优良率为96.0％.25例患者完全负重下无疼痛感,X线片示骨折均获愈合,愈合时间平均为13.9周(12～18周).末见血管、神经损伤等手术相关并发症发生.末次随访时HSS膝关节评分平均为91分(74～97分),其中优17例,良8例,优良率为100％.膝关节活动度为0～ 125°.结论 对于胫骨平台后髁骨折,改良后内侧、后外侧入路能较好地暴露骨折部位,且允许直视下复位骨折和采用后方支撑钢板固定骨折,对周围软组织损伤较小,术后功能恢复良好.     

改良的后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折

目的 探讨改良的后外侧入路在治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折中的应用。方法 2010至2013年间,采用改良的膝关节后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折12例,男7例,女5例,观察疗效。结果 12例患者均获得随访,随访3~24个月,平均9.3个月。术后膝关节根据HSS评分标准,优9例,良2例,可1例,优良率91.6%。结论 采用改良的膝关节后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台骨折具有暴露好、创伤小、并发症少、功能恢复好等优点。     

改良前外侧入路治疗累及后柱外侧的胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨改良前外侧入路治疗累及后柱外侧的胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法应用改良前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗17例累及后柱外侧的胫骨平台骨折患者。结果术后1例出现伤口渗液,分泌物培养无明显细菌,经创口清创及多次换药后愈合。患者均获得随访,时间11~23个月。12~20周骨折均愈合。末次随访时,膝关节活动度:伸直-5°~3°,屈曲95°~135°;采用Rasmussen胫骨平台骨折复位放射学评分评价疗效:优11例,良5例,可1例;采用HSS膝关节临床功能评分标准评估疗效:优12例,良4例,中1例。结论改良前外侧入路在治疗累及后柱外侧胫骨平台骨折中具有入路熟悉、安全、复位及固定效果可靠等优势。     

改良Frosch入路在累及后外侧柱的SchatzkerⅡ型骨折中的应用

目的: 探讨改良Frosch入路在累及后外侧柱的SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折中的临床疗效。方法: 自2019年1月至2020年9月,共收治累及后外侧柱的SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折患者11例,男7例,女4例,年龄21~49岁,采用侧卧位改良Frosch入路,后外侧骨折块采用支撑钢板或由后向前螺钉固定,前外侧采用常规胫骨平台外侧锁定钢板固定。X线测量术后即刻及术后12个月时胫骨平台内翻角和后倾角,及术后12个月膝关节活动度,采用美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Specdial Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分评价术后12个月时膝关节功能恢复情况。结果: 11例患者获得随访,时间12~15个月。术后即刻内翻角、后倾角分别为76°~86°、6°~10°,术后12个月分别为79°~88°、6°~10°。术后12个月膝关节活动度,伸0°~5°,屈曲106°~137°。术后12个月HSS膝关节评分为74~94分,优8例,良3例。结论: 经改良Frosch入路在累及后外侧柱的SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折是一种有效的手术方法,单一切口完成2个部位骨折显露固定,避免采用联合切口,可获得良好的术后膝关节功能。术中应熟悉掌握腘窝结构,注意保护腓总神经,避免损伤。     

两种入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折的疗效

目的比较膝关节后外侧纵直形切口入路与膝关节后内侧倒L形切口入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法将51例后外侧胫骨平台骨折患者按切口入路的不同分为观察组(采用膝关节后外侧纵直形切口入路治疗,31例)和对照组(采用膝关节后内侧倒L形切口入路治疗,20例)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胫骨外侧平台后倾角、并发症情况。术后12个月采用HSS评分和膝关节活动度评价临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间13～24个月。手术时间及术中出血量观察组短(少)于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组术后均无相关并发症发生。两组胫骨外侧平台后倾角术后3 d、12个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),两组间各时间段比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。术后12个月,HSS评分、膝关节活动度、HSS评分优良率两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论膝关节后外侧纵直形切口入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、创伤小、后外侧暴露充分、易复位等优点,是一种较理想的术式。但后外侧胫骨平台骨折涉及干骺端以远及后内侧髁时,建议选择膝关节后内侧倒L形切口入路治疗。     

改良前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗孤立性后外侧胫骨平台骨折疗效分析

目的探讨改良前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗孤立性后外侧胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2018-04采用改良前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗的23例孤立性后外侧胫骨平台骨折。末次随访时采用HSS评分标准评价膝关节功能。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均15.4(12～23)个月。骨折均骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均12(10～16)周。术后骨折复位情况根据Rasmussen评分标准评定:优17例,良6例。术后1年随访时均未见明显关节面复位丢失。术后即刻X线片测量胫骨平台内翻角为(87.3±0.5)°,术后1年为(87.7±1.2)°。术后即刻X线片测量胫骨平台后倾角为(7.3±0.7)°,术后1年为(7.5±1.2)°。术后1年随访时膝关节活动度平均125.5°(105°～135°)。末次随访时膝关节功能HSS评分:优12例,良9例,可2例。结论采用改良前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗孤立性后外侧胫骨平台骨折可清晰地显露骨折部位并完成有效固定,较好地维持膝关节稳定性,有利于患者术后早期功能锻炼。     

膝关节前外侧入路联合后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台前外侧骨折合并后外侧骨折

目的探讨胫骨前外侧平台骨折合并后外侧劈裂塌陷骨折手术治疗方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2011年1月至2013年12月间在广东省东莞市黄江医院行手术治疗的8例胫骨前外侧平台骨折合并后外侧劈裂塌陷骨折病例。根据CT检查结果,骨折按AO分型为B型和SchatzkerⅡ型。采用膝关节前外侧联合后外侧入路治疗。结果对所有患者经过12个月随访,术后骨折均已复位,随访3~6个月时X线片示骨折均已愈合,术后1年患者胫骨平台骨折高度未丢失,按膝关节功能HSS评分标准进行评分,平均95分。结论胫骨前外侧平台并后外侧骨折手术治疗,采用膝关节前外侧联合后外侧入路,对于患者行骨折直视下复位和固定,是一种较理想的手术入路。     

改良后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折23例

目的探讨改良后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效。方法对23例胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者行后外侧入路行支撑钢板内固定治疗。结果 23例均获随访,时间8~19个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间9~16周。HSS膝关节评分67~96分。结论改良后外侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折,有利于骨折的复位和固定,具有暴露清楚、内固定安放方便、创伤小及临床疗效好等优点。     

改良Frosch入路切开复位钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台外侧柱合并后外侧柱骨折的临床效果

目的 探讨改良Frosch入路治疗胫骨平台外侧柱合并后外侧柱骨折的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2020-06—2021-05于许昌市中心医院行改良Frosch入路切开复位钢板内固定术的11例胫骨平台外侧柱合并后外侧柱骨折患者的临床资料.男6例,女5例;年龄40.5岁(范围:21～60岁).分别于术后1、3、6、12个月随...     

肘关节后外侧旋转不稳定的研究进展

目的综述肘关节后外侧旋转不稳定(posterolateral rotatory instability,PLRI)的病理解剖、诊断及治疗进展。方法查阅国内外有关肘关节PLRI研究的相关文献,并进行综合分析。结果肘外侧韧带复合体(lateralcollateral ligament complex,LCLC)、桡骨头、肱骨小头及尺骨冠突损伤是导致肘关节PLRI的重要因素,跨越肘外侧的肌群起次要作用。临床检查主要包括侧方轴移试验、侧方轴移恐惧试验、撑椅征、俯卧撑试验、撑桌试验和后外侧旋转抽屉试验。影像学、关节镜及超声检查可以协助诊断PLRI。损伤的LCLC可采用骨性固定重建或软组织固定重建方式。结论 LCLC是PLRI的首要限制结构。超声能准确识别并测量正常的LCLC,有望成为一种可靠的无创检查方法。软组织固定重建方式避免了医源性骨折的缺点,是一种可选择的治疗方法。     

急性膝关节后外侧韧带结构损伤的治疗

目的总结急性膝关节后外侧韧带结构损伤的治疗方法,评估临床治疗效果。方法对27例急性膝关节后外侧韧带结构损伤的患者,根据不同损伤类型分别进行修复或重建。通过随访,了解膝关节后外侧韧带结构的稳定性。结果术后1年,无完全伸膝位内翻不稳,屈膝30°的Ⅰ°内翻不稳1例,伴硬性终止点,其余无内翻不稳;屈膝30°小腿外旋增加3例,均小于10°,相同16例,减小8例。结论对急性膝关节后外侧韧带结构损伤,早期治疗能够满意恢复其功能完整性。     

后外侧入路小切口髋关节置换术的临床分析

目的探索后外侧入路小切口髋关节置换术与常规切口髋关节置换术的临床疗效差异。方法收集本院自2005-01—2015-09采用后外侧入路髋关节置换术治疗的646例(688髋)的临床资料,按照手术切口长度是否10 cm分为小切口髋关节置换术组(A组)与常规切口髋关节置换术组(B组切口长度10 cm),将A组分为2个亚组,分别为小切口全髋关节置换组(A1组切口长度≤10 cm)、小切口人工股骨头置换组(A2组),将B组分为2个亚组:常规切口全髋关节置换组(B1组)、常规切口人工股骨头置换术(B2组)。结果 A1组在切口长度(t=-47.153,P=0.002)、术中出血量(t=-2.537,P=0.014)、手术时间(t=-1.543,P=0.047)、输血量(t=-2.423,P=0.009)、住院时间(t=-1.744,P=0.041)方面均优于B1组,差异有统计学意义,2组术后引流量(t=-0.647,P=0.520)比较差异无统计学意义。A2组在切口长度(t=-20.427,P=0.013)、术中出血量(t=-1.849,P=0.021)、术后输血量(t=-2.253,P=0.003)方面均优于B2组,差异有统计学意义;2组术后引流量(t=0.239,P=0.810)和住院时间(t=-0.620,P=0.538)比较差异无统计学意义。2组术后相关功能均得到提升。结论小切口髋关节置换术在患者具有手术指征、实行相应术式的适应证、相同的基础条件的前提基础下,较之常规切口髋关节置换术,前者具有切口较小、手术时间较短、术中出血较少、术后输血较少、术后恢复较快等特点。在术者手术操作娴熟的前提下,若患者条件符合,小切口髋关节置换可以作为理想术式。     

The posterolateral corner of the knee. Anatomy, biomechanics and management of injuries

The structures within the posterolateral corner of the knee have recently been "re-discovered" providing a very important role in maintaining the stability of the knee. Injury to the posterolateral corner is not common but neither is it rare; it is usually damaged in combination with rupture of one of the cruciate ligaments in direct and indirect trauma to the knee. When reconstructing a knee to restore stability following such injuries, it is important to recognise damage to the posterolateral corner so that this can be corrected. Ignored damage to this region may result in continuing knee instability and resultant failure of cruciate ligament reconstruction. We present a review of the anatomy and biomechanics of the structures in the posterolateral corner. This is then related to the diagnosis of injuries to the region via history, examination and imaging. We then discuss the management of injuries to the posterolateral corner describing our preferred method of repair.     

The anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the rabbit knee.

The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the rabbit knee to serve as a basis for future in vitro and in vivo posterolateral knee biomechanical and injury studies. Twelve nonpaired fresh-frozen New Zealand white rabbit knees were dissected to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral corner. The following main structures were consistently identified in the rabbit posterolateral knee: the gastrocnemius muscles, biceps femoris muscle, popliteus muscle and tendon, fibular collateral ligament, posterior capsule, ligament of Wrisberg, and posterior meniscotibial ligament. The fibular collateral ligament was within the joint capsule and attached to the femur at the lateral epicondyle and to the fibula at the midportion of the fibular head. The popliteus muscle attached to the medial edge of the posterior tibia and ascended proximally to give rise to the popliteus tendon, which inserted on the proximal aspect of the popliteal sulcus just anterior to the fibular collateral ligament. The biceps femoris had no attachment to the fibula and attached to the anterior compartment fascia of the leg.This study increased our understanding of these structures and their relationships to comparative anatomy in the human knee. This knowledge of the rabbit's posterolateral knee anatomy is important to understand for biomechanical and surgical studies which utilize the rabbit knee as a model for human posterolateral knee injuries.     

A combined approach for the treatment of lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures

IntroductionThe treatment of tibial plateau fractures involving the lateral and posterolateral column is a demanding and fine surgical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of combined approach for the treatment of lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.MethodsA prospective study was performed in 17 patients with lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures between January 2009 and December 2012. There were 12 males and 5 females with a mean age of 40 years. All of them received dual-plate fixation through the combined approach, with the patients in a floating position. The combined approaches included a conventional anterolateral approach and an inverted L-shaped posterolateral approach. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, knee flexion and extension range of motion, and complications were recorded to evaluate treatment effects.ResultsThere were no intraoperative complications related to this technology. Mean operation time was 144 min with a mean intraoperative blood loss volume of 233 mL. The mean follow-up was 23 months. All 17 patients had good postoperative fracture healing. Mean union time was 12 weeks. At the final follow-up, the average HSS score was 92.5, with the average knee flexion of 125° and an average knee extension of 2°. Two patients had complications in postoperative incisions with aseptic fat liquefaction. After thorough debridement, second-stage wounds healing were achieved. No neurovascular injury occurred. No collapse of reduced articular surface was detected.ConclusionsThe combined approach with dual-plate offers direct and complete surgical exposure and provide an effective method for the treatment of lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.     

改良脾脏后外侧入路在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的应用评价

目的:探讨改良脾脏后外侧入路在腹腔镜巨脾切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月在江南大学附属医院接受腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)的巨脾患者临床资料。共入组48例患者,其中男性29例,女性19例,平均年龄55.8岁。根据手术分离脾脏入路分为研究组( n＝26)：采用改良脾脏后外侧入路...     

Treatment of tibial nonunion with posterolateral bone grafting

ObjectivesPosterolateral bone grafting to treat nonunions of the distal two-thirds of the tibia avoids the often traumatized and more tenuous anterior soft-tissue envelope. Few modern reports of its effectiveness are available. We assessed whether posterolateral bone grafting leads to high union and low complication rates.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review at a Level I trauma center. Our study group was 59 patients with distal two-thirds tibial fractures treated with posterolateral bone grafting. Patients included those with history of deep surgical site infection (SSI) before bone grafting (n = 17), established nonunions (n = 42), and impending nonunions associated with open fractures and bone gaps (n = 17). All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months unless they achieved union before that time point. Our primary outcome measurement was fracture union. Secondary outcome measurements were any complication associated with the approach and infection requiring return to the operating room.ResultsFracture union was achieved in 44 (75%) of 59 patients without further intervention. The mean interval to union was 9.9 months (range, 3–22). Of 11 infected nonunions treated, nine progressed to union. Seventeen of 23 patients with defects >2 cm, including defects up to 5.4 cm without infection, were successfully treated. Two patients who underwent grafting at least 10 years after initial injury achieved union. No complications were associated with the approach (specifically, no wound breakdown, vascular injury, or tendon injury). Fourteen percent of patients experienced SSI after bone grafting. Seven of eight deep SSI occurred in patients with previous infection or positive intraoperative cultures. Only one (3%) of 36 patients without infection pre- or intraoperatively experienced SSI.ConclusionsEven in this relatively difficult patient cohort that included large bone gaps and history of infection, union was achieved at a relatively high rate with posterolateral bone graft. The approach seems to be safe, considering no known complications specifically associated with the approach occurred, and seems to reduce the risk of SSI in the absence of previous infection.     

同种异体跟腱Y形解剖重建膝关节后外侧复合体治疗重度膝关节后外不稳定

目的 探讨同种异体跟腱Y形解剖重建膝关节后外侧复合体(posterolateral complex,PLC)治疗重度膝关节后外不稳定的手术技术与临床效果.方法 回顾分析2013年6月-2017年8月收治且符合选择标准的12例Fanelli C型陈旧性PLC损伤伴重度膝关节后外不稳定患者临床资料.其中男9例,女3例;年龄...     

Results of isolated posterolateral corner reconstruction

Background  

Isolated posterolateral corner (PLC) tears are relatively rare events. Various surgical techniques to treat posterolateral knee instability have been described; because surgical results are linked to cruciate reconstructions it has been difficult to date to define whether one surgical procedure has better prognosis than another. The goal of this study is to determine the clinical outcome of PLC reconstruction following fibular-based technique.