PVP和PKP治疗中重度椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的分析比较经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）治疗骨质疏松性中重度椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法对自2009—01—2013—12诊治的42例中重度椎体压缩骨折,按治疗方法不同分为PVP组（21例）和PKP组（21例）。结果所有患者术后VAS评分、楔形角及后凸角较术前均有改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;2组VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后PKP组的楔形角及后凸角的矫正效果优于PVP组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用PVP或PKP治疗方法均能明显缓解骨质疏松性中重度椎体压缩骨折的疼痛,在矫正楔形角及后凸角的方面,PKP具有更好的疗效。     

两种椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的疗效。方法将68例OVCF患者随机分成PVP组和PKP组,各34例。比较两组伤椎Cobb角、楔形指数以及疼痛VAS评分、ODI。结果患者均获得随访,时间13～28个月。VAS评分、ODI两组术后较术前均显著降低(P 0. 05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05); PVP组伤椎Cobb角、楔形指数术后与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);术后伤椎Cobb角、楔形指数PKP组显著小(高)于PVP组(P 0. 05)。结论 PVP和PKP是OVCF功能恢复和疼痛缓解的有效治疗方法,虽然PKP的影像学结果更好,但与临床疗效并无关系。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的效果。方法按照不同手术方式将184例老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者分为PVP组(98例)和PKP组(86例)。比较2组骨水泥渗漏率及术后伤椎椎体压缩率、后凸Cobb's角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和腰椎功能障碍评分(ODI)。结果 2组患者均获12～24个月随访。术后1周和6个月2组患者的VAS评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但组内及组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者术后6个月的伤椎椎体压缩率和后凸Cobb's角均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但PKP组患者的改善程度优于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PKP组骨水泥渗漏率及术后邻近椎体骨折发生率均低于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PKP与PVP治疗老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折,均有良好止痛效果。PKP较PVP恢复椎体高度及矫正脊柱后凸畸形效果更为明显,且并发症发生率低。     

经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗伴椎体内真空裂隙的骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折比较研究

目的比较经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗伴椎体内真空裂隙(intravertebral vacuum cleft,IVC)的骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)疗效。方法回顾分析2010年1月-2013年12月,行PVP或PKP治疗并符合选择标准的68例伴IVC的OVCF患者临床资料。其中48例行PVP治疗(PVP组),20例行PKP治疗(PKP组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、损伤节段、骨密度以及术前背部疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、影像学测量指标等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。比较两组术中骨水泥渗漏率、骨水泥注入量、手术时间,采用VAS评分评价背部疼痛程度,ODI评价功能障碍严重程度,2年内邻椎再骨折率。手术前后摄正侧位X线片,测量伤椎椎体高度及后凸角,并计算椎体压缩率(rate of vertebral compression,CR)、复位率(reduction rate,RR)、进展性高度丢失率(progressive height loss,PHL)、复位角度(reduction angle,RA)、进展性后凸角(progressive angle,PA)。结果两组骨水泥注入量及骨水泥渗漏发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);但PVP组手术时间较PKP组显著缩短(t=—8.821,P=0.000)。术后患者均获随访,随访时间2.0~3.1年,平均2.4年。两组术后1 d、1年及2年VAS评分、ODI均较术前显著降低(P0.05);术后各时间点间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后2年内,PVP组5例(10.4%)、PKP组2例(10.0%)发生邻椎骨折,骨折发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.003,P=0.963)。术后1、2年两组骨密度均较术前显著改善(P0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.463,P=0.642;t=0.465,P=0.646)。X线片测量显示,两组CR及后凸角均获得明显矫正,术后即刻两指标与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但术后1、2年时与术后即刻比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后各时间点两组间CR及后凸角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组RR、RA、PHL、PA比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PVP及PKP治疗伴IVC的OVCF可获得相似疗效,术后均可能发生再塌陷及后凸畸形,因此需注意随访观察。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗不同骨密度胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)对骨密度正常、骨密度下降和骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年6月—2017年1月采用PKP治疗的72例胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者的临床资料。根据术前患者腰椎平均骨密度T值,将患者分为骨密度正常组(T值-1,A组),骨密度下降组(-1≥T值≥-2.5,B组)和骨质疏松组(T值-2.5,C组)。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评价各组患者术前术后疼痛程度。以正侧位X线片为基础,以压缩椎体的楔形角表示椎体的几何学形状;以包含伤椎上下2个椎体的三节段后凸角评价脊柱后凸畸形程度。记录并比较各组术后骨水泥渗漏的发生率。结果所有患者术后VAS评分、楔形角和后凸角均较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。C组VAS评分及楔形角改善程度显著优于A和B组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),但A、B组间相比差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。3组间后凸角改变程度差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。A、B和C组的骨水泥渗漏率分别为12.5%(2/16)、7.4%(2/27)和17.2%(5/29),3组间差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论对于不同骨密度胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者,PKP均能显著缓解其腰背痛,并能不同程度地纠正压缩椎体的几何学畸形,且对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折临床疗效更好。     

体位复位结合经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效比较

目的比较体位复位结合经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。方法将70例OVCF患者随机分为两组,每组35例,A组行体位复位结合PVP治疗,B组行PKP治疗。比较两组患者术后腰痛VAS评分、伤椎前缘高度、后凸Cobb角变化情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。两组术后3 d及3、6个月VAS评分、Cobb角度数均明显低于术前,椎体前缘高度均显著高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组间术后各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论体位复位法结合PVP与PKP治疗OVCF的临床疗效相当,体位复位结合PVP具有治疗费用低的优点。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。方法对60例老年OVCF患者采用PKP治疗,手术在C臂机透视下进行。记录并比较术前、术后3 d、术后1年的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)及病椎最大塌陷处的高度、Cobb角的变化。结果 60例均获得随访,时间1~3年,术后病椎疼痛症状均显著缓解。术后3 d和术后1年的VAS评分、病椎最大塌陷处的高度、Cobb角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PKP治疗老年OVCF可以有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形,迅速缓解疼痛,提高患者的生活质量。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效对比分析

目的研究经皮椎体成形术(Percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(Percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)在骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效对比情况。方法选取156例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,分别采用PVP和PKP进行治疗,比较两组患者症状改善情况包括Cobb角、椎体压缩率、VAS评分、SF-36评分以及并发症发生情况。结果两组患者其Cobb角以及椎体压缩率均有明显的恢复,VAS评分均在术后明显减少,SF-36量表显示两组患者生活能力均明显提高,但在术后各时间点两组比较,PKP均优于PVP(P0.05)。并发症方面,PVP组出现8例,显著高于PKP组(P0.05)。结论使用经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折可有效纠正患者脊柱畸形,减缓患者疼痛感,恢复患者活动能力,但PKP在各方面疗效以及并发症方面均优于PVP。     

经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效观察

[目的]比较经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术在治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折方面的疗效。[方法]选择2011年1月~2013年12月来本院就治的72例老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者,分为2组,PVP组40例,PKP组32例。观察两组手术前后VAS评分、椎体压缩率、伤椎Cobb角、骨水泥注入量、术后伤椎增加高度、骨水泥渗漏情况。[结果]两组手术前后,其VAS评分均显著下降,患者疼痛缓解明显,但两组组间差异无统计学意义;PKP组椎体压缩率和Cobb角与术前比较显著降低,但PVP组治疗前后差异无统计学意义,PKP组治疗后的椎体压缩率和Cobb角要低于PVP组,差异有统计学意义;与PVP组比较,PKP组手术时间较长,骨水泥注入量较多,术后伤椎高度增加较大,骨水泥渗漏情况较少,差异均有统计学意义。[结果]PVP、PKP两种手术方法均具有显著止痛效果,PKP较PVP椎体高度恢复及脊柱后凸畸形矫正效果更好。     

改良经皮椎体成形术在骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折中的应用

目的 通过比较改良经皮椎体成形术(PVP)、PVR经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的疗效,探讨改良PVP在临床应用中的优势. 方法 对2007年6月至2010年7月收治并获得随访的97例老年OVCF患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,男36例,女61例;年龄56～89岁,平均68.3岁;总计124个椎体,单个椎体骨折74例,2个椎体骨折19例,3个椎体骨折4例;胸椎73个,腰椎51个.根据手术方法不同分为PVP组(26例)、PKP组(39例)和改良PVP组(32例).对比3组患者术前、术后1周、术后6个月的视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)和伤椎cobb角的恢复情况及术后骨水泥渗漏情况. 结果 所有患者术后获7 ～20个月(平均13个月)随访,其中3例出现神经根症状,但表现不明显.无脊髓损伤、感染及血管栓塞等并发症发生.3组患者术后1周、术后6个月的VAS评分分别与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),3组患者同一时间点VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PKP组和改良PVP组患者术后1周、术后6个月的cobb角分别与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).改良PVP组和PKP组的cobb角恢复优于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).改良PVP组、PKP组的骨水泥渗漏率远低于PVP组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 改良PVP能迅速缓解OVCF患者疼痛,与传统PVP相比,在纠正椎体后凸角度和降低骨水泥渗漏方面明显改善.临床疗效与PKP相当,但费用远较PKP低.     

Mechanical compression augments venous flow equal to intermittent pneumatic compression

Intermittent pneumatic compression is part of the current standard of care model for preventing venous thromboembolic events (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty. Pneumatic motors limit the rate of inflation resulting in bulky devices with uncomfortable sleeves that inhibited patient compliance and mobility. Nonpneumatic mechanical devices are an alternative for providing mobile, graded, intermittent, sequential, rapid, and monitorable compression posthospitalization. Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent mechanical compression using the Cirvo (Radial Medical, Mountain View, CA) as well as pneumatic compression with four commercially available systems (VenaFlow Elite, Kendall SCD Compression System, ActiveCare DVT, Vasculaire Compression System) and manual calf compression. Peak flow velocity (PFV) was measured by ultrasound of the femoral vein during compression and at baseline. Mechanical compression for 1 second resulted in a significant increase in femoral venous PFV to 107.8 ± 38.2 cm/s from 17.1 ± 4.7 cm/s at baseline (P < .001). The change in femoral venous PFV with mechanical compression for 1 second (90.7 ± 34.9 cm/s) was not statistically different from pneumatic compression from VenaFlow system (106.0 ± 35.6 cm/s, P = .124) and statistically lower than manual calf compression (115.5 ± 26.8 cm/s, P = .015). Pneumatic compression from the VenaFlow system produced the largest change in femoral venous PFV of all commercial pneumatic systems tested. Mechanical compression replicates or exceeds femoral venous PFV available from currently available intermittent pneumatic compression.     

Intermetatarsal compression neuritis

Intermetatarsal compression neuritis can be a disabling condition.Individuals who don't respond well to initial treatments are left with persistent pain and frustration. The conservative approach to the treatment of neuromas includes shoe modifications, padding, orthotics, cortisone injections, and serial alcohol sclerosing injections. When a person has failed conservative treatment for a forefoot neuroma, surgery can be considered to alleviate pain and treat the condition. This article describes several different surgical approaches such as neurectomy, carbon dioxide laser, and neurolysis. Results to date show that decompression is similar to neurectomy surgery, if not more successful.     

Distal tracheal compression

The consultants concur that distal tracheal stenosis is a challenging problem in the pediatric patient but don't all agree on the presentation or management. Drs. Cotton and Crysdale agree that these children are usually seen with biphasic stridor. Dr. Parsons believes that biphasic stridor is not particularly common but inspiratory stridor is. The experts divide the differential diagnosis into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. Dr. Cotton lists tracheomalacia, complete tracheal rings and masses, such as an isolated hemangioma or granuloma. The usual extrinsic lesion is a vascular anomaly, the most common being an innominate artery. Dr. Crysdale's differential diagnosis includes tracheal stenosis, either congenital or acquired, and tracheomalacia. Vascular compression is most common as an extrinsic cause. Dr. Parsons includes tracheomalacia, complete tracheal rings, segmental tracheal stenosis, isolated masses, and vascular anomalies, such as an aberrant innominate artery. He also states that a tracheoesophageal fistula must be considered. Dr. Cotton prefers MRI and possibly a barium swallow for assessing vascular architecture. Even finding an air bronchogram on a chest x-ray can pinpoint an area of stenosis. The best test is direct laryngoscopy with video-photography. While Drs. Parsons and Crysdale agree that direct laryngoscopy is the best, Dr. Crysdale also suggests MRI or CT and adds that a contrast bronchogram is a most useful test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Aortocaval compression syndrome

Aortocaval compression syndrome (supine hypotensive syndrome) represents a common complication mainly of late pregnancy, although the syndrome has been described to occur as early as 16 weeks of gestation. The nature and severity of symptoms range from unspecific complaints to severe maternal hypotension, loss of consciousness, cardiovascular collapse, and consecutive fetal depression. Predominantly, the syndrome is provoked by placing the parturient supine. Since supine positioning is required for diverse diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in obstetrics, these involve increased risk of aortocaval compression. For the anesthetist, cesarean section is most relevant, because of the coincidence of several risk factors. The following article begins by reviewing the pathophysiology of the syndrome, known risk factors and anesthesiological procedures that predispose to the syndrome. The second part is concerned with prophylactic measures and therapeutic options, together with the discussion of a clinically practicable algorithm.