HPLC同时测定五味子中6种木脂素类成分

目的:建立同时测定五味子中6种木脂素类成分的HPLC含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC,以甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,流速0.9 mL.min-1,柱温35℃,同时测定五味子药材中五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素、五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲等6种木脂素类成分的含量。结果:不同产地五味子药材中均含有上述6种成分,且均以五味子醇甲的含量最高,五味子丙素含量最低。结论:建立的方法可以同时测定五味子药材中的6种木脂素类成分,为五味子及其炮制品的质量评价提供了更为全面的科学依据。     

HPLC同时测定糖克软胶囊中5种木脂素类成分的含量

 目的建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定糖克软胶囊中5种木脂素类(五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、当归酰戈米辛H、五味子甲素、五味子乙素)成分含量的方法。方法色谱条件:Agilent Extend C₁₈柱;流动相为甲醇-2%四氢呋喃水溶液,线性梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL·min^-1;柱温50℃,检测波长254 nm。结果5种木脂素类化合物在实验浓度内线性关系良好,五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、当归酰戈米辛H、五味子甲素和五味子乙素的线性范围分别为15.8～1 575,5.76～576,4.65～465,3.61～361,10.6～1 057 mg·L^-1,相关系数均大于0.999 0。平均加样回收率在100.2%～103.5%之间。5种木脂素类化合物含量重复性试验RSD小于1.98%。结论本方法简单、灵敏、重复性好,可用于糖克软胶囊质量控制。     

江苏10家医院供应的五味子中木脂素类成分含量测定比较

目的:对10家医院供应的五味子进行质量评价。方法:采用高效液相色谱及已建立的一测多评法,以五味子醇甲为内参物,测定五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素及五味子丙素的含量,分光光度法测定总木脂素含量。结果:10家医院供应的五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素和总木脂素含量分别在3.935-6.809、1.389-2.583、0.191-0.436、0.961-1.767、2.030-3.716、0.261-0.813及19.696-34.294mg/g之间;结论:各医院供应的五味子内在质量有较大差异。     

HPLC同时检测参芪五味子片中5种木脂素成分含量

目的:研究HPLC法同时测定参芪五味子片中五味子醇甲素、五味子醇乙素、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子丙素(以下简称五味子醇甲、乙,五味子酯甲,五味子甲、丙素)5种木脂素的方法。方法:流动相:乙腈(A)-水(B),梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:30℃;波长:217 nm;进样量:20μL。测定4批参芪五味子片中五味子醇甲、乙,五味子酯甲,五味子甲、丙素的含量。结果:该方法的精密度、稳定性、重复性和加样回收率较好。4批参芪五味子片的五味子醇甲、乙,五味子酯甲,五味子甲、丙素分别为8.31~8.63、2.65~3.24、0.49~0.54、0.78~0.92和0.56~0.67 mg/片。结论:该方法可为参芪五味子片的质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC法测定不同产地五味子中木脂素的含量

目的：建立五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素4种有效成分的高效液相色谱测定方法，测定不同产地五味子中木脂素成分的含量，寻找五味子优质药材的产地。方法：ScienhomeC18色谱柱（150mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相甲醇-水，梯度洗脱，流速1ml／min，柱温30℃，检测波长250nm。结果：4种木脂素的加样回收率及RSD分别为：五味子醇甲98．29％，1．50％；五味子酯甲101．48％，2．39％；五味子甲素100．81％，2．86％；五味子乙素99．16％，2．40％。结论：该方法简便、准确．可用于五味子药材的质量控制；河北石家庄产五味子木脂素含量最高，品质优良。     

HPLC同时测定五子衍宗丸中5种活性成分的含量

目的： 建立五子衍宗丸中5种成分金丝桃苷、山柰素、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素的含量测定方法。 方法： Angilent Extend C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相乙腈-甲醇（10：1）和0.4%磷酸,梯度洗脱柱温30 ℃,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长250 nm（五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素）,360 nm（金丝桃苷、山柰素）。 结果： 在该色谱条件下,金丝桃苷、山柰素、五味子醇甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素分离良好,分别在4.824~482.4,4.358~87.16,1.854~185.4,5.610~112.2,3.850~77.00 ng呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率（n=9）依次为101.2%,98.9%,101.6%,101.3%,97.6%。 结论： 所建立的方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于五子衍宗丸的质量控制。     

辽宁凤城地区不同生长环境五味子5种木脂素成分含量测定

目的:建立五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素5种有效成分的高效液相色谱测定方法,对辽宁凤城地区不同环境五味子木脂素类成分进行含量测定,筛选五味子优质药材的最佳生长环境。方法:采用高效液相法,Agilent TC-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,检测波长220 nm。结果:不同环境下五味子5种木脂素含量和总量有所不同。生长在山脚树荫丛林中且湿润环境下的五味子木脂素含量最高,品质优良。结论:本实验方法简便、准确、重复性好。     

HPLC法测定五味子果梗中6种木脂素

目的通过HPLC法测定五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.果梗中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素的含有量。方法果梗甲醇提取液的分析采用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相甲醇-乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;检测波长220 nm;柱温35℃;体积流量0.9 m L/min。结果 6种木脂素在各自范围内均呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率98.61%~99.92%,RSD 0.12%~1.68%。五味子醇甲在67批样品中平均含有量最高,而五味子酯甲最低。栽培样品中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子甲素含有量均高于野生样品,而五味子酯甲、五味子乙素、五味子丙素含有量恰好相反。小兴安岭样品中各成分含有量最高,长白山次之,辽宁省东部山区最低。结论五味子果梗中的五味子丙素具有一定药用价值,应加以关注。     

五味子药材提取工艺优化及8个木脂素类成分含量测定

目的：优化木脂素类成分的提取方法,并建立高效液相色谱法 (HPLC) 测定五味子药材中 8 个木脂素类成分 (五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、当归酰戈米辛 H、五味子酯甲、五味子酯乙、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素) 的含量测定方法。方法：采用 Box-Behnken 响应面法,以超声时间、甲醇体积分数、料液比为考察因素,以 8 个木脂素类成分总含量为考察指标来优化提取工艺,并验证此工艺。采用 Agilent ZB-Extend C₁₈色谱柱 (250 mm×4. 6 mm,5 μm),流动相为 0. 5% 磷酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为 1 mL·min^–1,检测波长为 220 nm,柱温为 35 ℃。结果：五味子药材中木脂素类成分的最优提取工艺为超声时间 30 min,甲醇体积分数为 100%,料液比 1∶50;不同产地五味子的 8 个木脂素类成分含量有差异,RSD 为 8. 44%～20. 02%。结论：Box-Behnken 响应面优化五味子中木脂素的提取工艺科学稳定、准确可靠,建立测定 8 个木脂素类成分含量的方法专属性强、重复性好...     

高效液相色谱法测定五味子属药用植物木脂素的含量

目的 :对五味子属植物的木脂素成分进行含量测定 ,探讨五味子药物资源问题。方法 :用HPLC对五味子属 14个种 (变种 ) 18个样品 (果实、茎藤和根 )中木脂素成分五味子醇甲 (schisandrin) ,五味子醇乙 (gomisinA) ,五味子酯甲 (schisantherinA) ,五味子甲素 (deoxyschizandrin) ,表 加巴辛 (d-epigalbacine) ,安五脂素 [(+) anwulig nan],五味子乙素 (wuweizisuB) ,6O 苯甲酰戈米辛O(6-O-benzoylgomisinO)和五味子丙素 (wuweizisuC)进行含量测定。结果 :5种不同种的五味子果实中 ,9种木脂素总量为 0.52%～1.96% ,其中以五味子和华中五味子含量最高 ,11种 (包括变种 )茎的 9种木脂素总量为 0.02%～1.51% ;小花五味子果实含有与华中五味子相似的木脂素成分 ,其中甲素的含量较高 (0.59%) ;绿叶五味子与五味子成分相似 ,其醇甲、醇乙和乙素的含量均较高 ;翼梗五味子果实、华中五味子果实、小花五味子茎、毛脉五味子茎和二色五味子根的安五脂素含量较高 ,分别 0.77% ,0.42% ,0.50% ,0.26% ,0.38% ;毛脉五味子茎、毛叶五味子茎和金山五味子茎的表 加巴辛含量较高 (分别为0.89% ,1.51% ,0.17% )。结论 :五味子属植物果实的木脂素含量高于根和茎 ;翼梗五味子果实、小花五味子茎、华中五味子果实、二色五味子根、毛脉五味子和毛脉五味子茎、金山五味子茎可分别作为安五脂素和表-加巴辛的植物资源。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.