应用Fluoro-Jade C评价匹罗卡品模型中新大脑皮质神经变性

目的 应用Fluoro-Jade C(FJC)在小鼠匹罗卡品癫痫模型中探测新大脑皮质结构中神经元的变性情况.方法 雄性昆明种小鼠10只(对照组5只,匹罗卡品处理组5只).对照组给予阿托品、生理盐水腹腔注射;匹罗卡品处理组给予阿托品、匹罗卡品腹腔注射诱发癫痫持续状态.在癫痫持续状态后12 h,通过经心灌注固定处死匹罗卡品处理组小鼠.对照组小鼠处死时间及方法同匹罗卡品处理组.在各新大脑皮质水平切制冠状切片,行FJC染色,在荧光显微镜下,观察FJC阳性细胞的形态和在新大脑皮质中的整体分布情况.结果 在匹罗卡品处理组,许多新大脑皮质出现呈亮黄绿色荧光的FJC阳性细胞,而对照组未见.结论 在小鼠匹罗卡品癫痫模型中,运用FJC染色技术在新大脑皮质中显示发生了大量神经元变性,有利于更好地理解颞叶癫痫的长期病理变化和自发反复发作的癫痫机制.     

锂-匹罗卡品致癫痫大鼠模型时程机制探讨

目的观察锂-匹罗卡品致癫痫大鼠模型各时程c—losmRNA和los蛋白表达水平。方法采用免疫组化和实时荧光定量PCR技术检测fos蛋白和基因水平的表达。结果los基因和蛋白在癫痫持续状态后1h升高,6h同时达高峰。24h表达仍有升高。结论癫痫持续状态后6hfos蛋白和mRNA表达同时达高峰。     

丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况；电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组；而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用，为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。     

丹参对持续癫癎幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

 目的探讨丹参对持续癫癎发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用.方法皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫癎持续状态发作.光镜下观察神经元病变情况;电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变.结果持续癫癎组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变,电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变.丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫癎组;而正常对照组未见类似病变.结论丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫癎幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用,为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据.     

催醒宁缩瞳与催醒安降低眼压临床应用的初步探讨

催醒宁、催醒安系军事医学科学院药理毒理研究所自行设计合成的新药,通过动物试验和志愿正常人的检测,证明两药不仅有缩瞳作用而且有降眼压作用。本文分别对催醒宁的缩瞳作用,催醒安的降压作用进行了临床观察。(1)选不同强度的敌瞳剂散瞳后的患者,应用不同浓度的催醒宁缩瞳,并与匹罗卡品、依色林作对照。缩瞳作用与依色林相似,强于匹罗卡品,无毒性反应。(2)选用确诊的开角青光眼患者,一组为1滴药组与匹罗卡品对照,另一组为多次点药组,观察时间最短1周,最长28周。结果表明催醒安与匹罗卡品降压作用相似,而且不引起调节痉挛,易被患者接受。     

MRI测量颞叶癫痫患者海马体积与波谱分析

目的探讨利用磁共振图像判断海马萎缩在颞叶癫痫的意义,揭示颞叶癫痫病灶的质子磁共振波谱的变化特征。材料与方法对7例不同病程癫痫患者进行三维快速扰相位梯度回波序列(3D-FSPGR)和PRESS序列波谱采样,测量双侧海马的体积和海马区域的NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr比值,在同一患者左右侧进行对比。结果早期颞叶癫痫患者海马萎缩、NAA／Cr下降均不明显,Cho／Cr较对侧升高;发展到海马硬化阶段可以有海马萎缩、NAA／Cr下降和Cho／Cr升高;静息状态的癫痫患者有海马萎缩和NAA／Cr下降,但是Cho／Cr无升高表现。结论利用磁共振图像可以准确反映颞叶癫痫患者海马体积的变化;1H-MRS可以反映癫痫患者海马区域的代谢变化,为癫痫的定位提供信息。     

匹罗卡品治疗放射后口干燥病

作者对12例头颈部癌因放疗后口干燥病,用匹罗品(Pilocarpine)与安慰剂作90天双盲交叉试验,以判断匹罗卡品的疗效。患者均用外放射,腮腺均包括在照射野内,常规分割,总量55～58Gy。完成放疗后六个月内均有严重口干燥病。盐酸匹罗卡品制成2.5mg片剂,安慰剂作成同样色泽、大小。6例先用匹罗卡品,另6例用安慰剂,每种制     

~1H-MRS磁共振波谱分析对海马硬化诊断的评价

目的分析原发性颞叶癫痫与海马硬化之间的关系,探讨磁共振波谱成像(1H-MRS)在海马硬化早期诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析30例经手术证实的海马硬化患者的临床表现、1H-MRS资料,重点分析1H-MRS的NAA、Cr、Cho波峰特点。结果 1H-MRS发现异常28例(93%),2例在MRI及1H-MRS均未见异常。结论 1H-MRS可对海马硬化或伴有海马胶质细胞增生者进行早期诊断,提高了海马硬化诊断的敏感性。     

成年癫大鼠齿状回神经元凋亡与变性及其对空间记忆的影响

 目的 研究成年癫大鼠齿状回神经元凋亡与变性及其对认知功能的影响.方法 采用氯化锂和匹罗卡品联合诱导成年大鼠不同程度的癫模型(轻型和癫持续状态).用Tunel染色及Fluoro-Jade B法观察不同时间点各组大鼠海马齿状回神经元凋亡及变性;利用Morris水迷宫评价大鼠的学习记忆功能.结果 与正常组及轻型组比较,癫持续状态组第28天海马齿状回Tunel染色及Fluoro-Jade B染色阳性细胞数均增加(P<0. 05);癫持续状态组第28天大鼠的空间学习记忆功能较正常组及轻型组明显下降.结论 严重的癫发作长时间会引起海马齿状回神经元大量的凋亡及变性,可能是造成大鼠空间学习记忆功能损害的原因之一.     

丙泊酚对匹鲁卡品诱发癫痫持续状态大鼠海马NMDA受体2A、2B亚型表达的影响

目的建立可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂匹鲁卡品诱发大鼠癫痫持续状态(SE)模型,观察丙泊酚对SE大鼠海马N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体亚型(NR2A、NR2B)表达的影响。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为6组(n=10):空白对照(BLK)组、SE组、丙泊酚50mg/kg(PPF)组、安定10mg/kg(DZP)组、东莨菪碱10mg/kg(SCOP)组及MK-801(2mg/kg)组。匹鲁卡品30mg/kg诱发SE模型,惊厥发作程度以Racine分级法判断,反复发作达到4～5级的大鼠纳入实验。待SE发作后30min,各实验组动物分别腹腔注射相应药物,而BLK组和SE组则注射等量生理盐水。24h后取各组大鼠大脑组织,采用免疫组化法检测SE大鼠海马NR2A、NR2B的表达情况。结果SE发作后24h,与BLK组相比,SE组大鼠海马NR2A、NR2B亚型的阳性表达量显著增加(P<0.05);与SE组相比,PPF组海马NR2B表达显著降低(P<0.05),而NR2A亚型表达无明显变化。与SE组相比,MK-801组皮层NR2A、NR2B亚型的表达显著降低(P<0.05),而DZP组、SCOP组的NR2A、NR2B亚型表达无统计学...     

Age does not influence the bone response to treadmill exercise in female rats

PURPOSE: Because it is believed that bone may respond to exercise differently at different ages, we compared bone responses in immature and mature rats after 12 wk of treadmill running. METHODS: Twenty-two immature (5-wk-old) and 21 mature (17-wk-old) female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into a running (trained, P = 10 immature, 9 mature) or a control group (controls, P = 12 immature, 12 mature) before sacrifice 12 wk later. Rats ran on a treadmill five times per week for 60-70 min at speeds up to 26 m.min. Both at baseline and after intervention, we measured total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femoral bone mineral, as well as total body soft tissue composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After sacrificing the animals, we measured dynamic and static histomorphometry and three-point bending strength of the tibia. RESULTS: Running training was associated with greater differences in tibial subperiosteal area, cortical cross-sectional area, peak load, stiffness, and moment of inertia in immature and mature rats (P < 0.05). The trained rats had greater periosteal bone formation rates (P < 0.01) than controls, but there was no difference in tibial trabecular bone histomorphometry. Similar running-related gains were seen in DXA lumbar spine area (P = 0.04) and bone mineral content (BMC; P = 0.03) at both ages. For total body bone area and BMC, the immature trained group increased significantly compared with controls (P < 0.05), whereas the mature trained group gained less than did controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In this model, where a similar physical training program was performed by immature and mature female rats, we demonstrated that both age groups were sensitive to loading and that bone strength gains appeared to result more from changes in bone geometry than from improved material properties.     

丹参对大鼠烫伤早期肝脏酶谱的影响

目的：观察大鼠严重烫伤早期血清肝脏酶谱[丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）]的动态变化及丹参的影响作用。方法：建立30%Ⅲ度烫伤模型,88只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组,8只）、平衡液复苏组（B组,40只）和丹参治疗组（C组,40只）。B、C两组烫伤后立即按Parkland公式腹腔注射平衡液120ml/kg体重,C组在同样治疗的基础上腹腔注射丹参注射液3ml/kg,B、C两组分别于伤后3,6,12,24,48h检测血清ALT、AST、LDH的含量。结果：与对照组相比较,复苏组血清ALT、AST、LDH的含量在伤后3h明显高于对照组,12h达高峰,伤后48h仍保持在较高水平;丹参治疗组在各相应时相点与对应的复苏组比较,两者的变化趋势基本一致,但血清ALT、AST、LDH水平均低于复苏组,伤后3h起显著低于复苏组。结论：大鼠严重烫伤早期存在肝功能损伤。丹参对烧伤早期肝损伤有保护作用。     

Clinical significance of asymmetry of the fornix and mamillary body on MR in hippocampal sclerosis.

PURPOSETo investigate the clinical significance of MR-defined asymmetry of the fornix and mamillary body for presurgical determination of the side of hippocampal sclerosis in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.METHODSFast spin-echo MR images were evaluated for evidence of an asymmetrically small fornix and mamillary body in 33 patients with pathologically proved hippocampal sclerosis (presurgical hippocampal sclerosis group), 7 patients who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy (mean, 3 years from surgery) because of hippocampal sclerosis (postsurgical hippocampal sclerosis group), and 34 healthy subjects (control group). Fast spin-echo hippocampal volumetry was performed in each patient.RESULTSIn the control group, 6% (2 of 34) of subjects had MR evidence of asymmetrically small fornix and none (0 of 34) of the subjects had asymmetrically small mamillary body. In the patient population, an asymmetrically small fornix was seen in 42% of presurgical hippocampal sclerosis group, 39% (13 of 33) ipsilateral, and 3% (1 of 33) contralateral, and in 71% of the postsurgical hippocampal sclerosis group (5 of 7), all ipsilateral. In the presurgical hippocampal sclerosis group, hippocampal atrophy measured with MR was more severe in patients with an ipsilaterally small fornix than in patients without. An asymmetrically small mamillary body was found ipsilaterally in 3% (1 of 33) of the presurgical hippocampal sclerosis group and in 57% (4 of 7) of the postsurgical hippocampal sclerosis group; all patients with an asymmetrically small mamillary body in the postsurgical hippocampal sclerosis group also had an asymmetrically small fornix on the same side.CONCLUSIONIn presurgical hippocampal sclerosis patients, an asymmetrically small fornix can be seen ipsilaterally on the side of the hippocampal sclerosis; however, its low frequency, its association with severe hippocampal atrophy only, and the possibility of false-positive results limit its clinical usefulness in determining the side of the seizure focus. An asymmetrically small mamillary body is too rare to be used for presurgical location of hippocampal sclerosis. However, an asymmetrically small fornix and mamillary body are frequently seen on MR images after temporal lobectomy.     

海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化诊断价值的探讨

目的　探讨海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化的诊断价值。方法　对 18例经组织学检查证实的海马硬化患者的MRI检查资料和 18例年龄相匹配的对照组进行回顾性分析 ,观察海马头部浅沟的显示情况、海马头部大小和信号改变。结果　 18例海马硬化患者中 ,16例硬化侧海马头部浅沟消失 ,1例硬化侧海马头部浅沟明显变浅 ,几乎消失 ,1例硬化侧海马头部浅沟存在。硬化侧海马头部均有萎缩 ,并在T2 WI和液体衰减恢复 (FLAIR)成像呈高信号。海马头部浅沟消失对海马硬化诊断的敏感性为 88.9% ,特异性为 10 0 %。结论　海马头部浅沟消失是诊断海马硬化的一个可靠征象 ,结合患侧海马有萎缩性改变和T2 加权成像信号增高 ,可肯定诊断海马硬化。     

Anterior temporal changes on MR images of children with hippocampal sclerosis: an effect of seizures on the immature brain?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ipsilateral loss of anterior temporal gray-white matter definition, due mainly to white matter signal intensity abnormality, is frequently seen on MR images of patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and clinical correlations of these anterior temporal changes in pediatric cases of hippocampal sclerosis and to determine whether cumulative damage from seizures is important for their development. METHODS: We reviewed the MR images and clinical details of 54 children (age range, 1.5-19 years) with typical hippocampal sclerosis. Specific imaging features noted included hippocampal sclerosis, anterior temporal changes, anterior temporal atrophy, and extra-hippocampal abnormality. RESULTS: Thirty-one (57%) of 54 children with hippocampal sclerosis had associated ipsilateral anterior temporal changes. Ipsilateral anterior temporal atrophy was associated with anterior temporal changes (P <.03). Children whose images showed anterior temporal changes were younger at onset of epilepsy (P <.01) and younger at antecedent cerebral insult (P <.03) than those with normal anterior temporal lobes. Most (84%) children whose images showed anterior temporal changes had experienced the onset of epilepsy or antecedent cerebral insult before the age of 2 years (P <.0009). Eighty-one percent of children with anterior temporal changes shown on their images experienced seizures at the time of antecedent insult. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral anterior temporal changes identical to those observed in adult cases are seen on the MR images of young children with hippocampal sclerosis, with a similar prevalence, and are associated with either epilepsy onset or seizure-related cerebral insult before the age of 2 years. We suggest that the loss of gray-white matter definition may represent a persistent immature appearance, including an abnormality of myelin or myelination, possibly a result of seizures occurring during maturation of the temporal pole.     

刺囊酸对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌缺血损伤的影响

目的：观察刺囊酸对异丙肾上腺素（ISO）诱导大鼠心肌缺血损伤的影响。方法：将30只健康雄性sD大鼠随机等分为对照组（S）、异丙肾组（I）、刺囊酸＋异丙。肾（E）组,并造模给药。给ISO后24h,麻醉处死动物。测定血清肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）表达。HE染色后在光镜下观察心肌组织形态学改变。结果：和I组比较,E组血清中LDH、CK和MDA含量明显降低（P〈0．01）,SOD的活力明显升高（P〈0．01）。E组大鼠心肌病变的程度较I组减轻较明显。结论：刺囊酸对ISO诱导大鼠缺血损伤的心肌具有一定的保护作用。     

红景天对高原大鼠脑缺血损伤中神经保护作用的研究

目的：探讨红景天对高原大鼠脑缺血损伤的神经保护作用。方法：采用红景天制剂给大鼠灌胃（治疗组）。造模30天后取各组的脑组织,采用HE染色和NISSL染色观察脑组织的形态学变化;免疫组织化学方法标记一氧化氮合酶（NOS）,并进行分析。结果：对照组大鼠脑新皮质结构内NOS的阳性表达较正常组明显增高,治疗组的表达较对照组减少。结论：在低氧环境下红景天对脑缺血损伤的神经细胞有保护作用。     

磁共振波谱分析在儿童难治性癫痫中的应用价值

目的：评价磁共振波谱分析在儿童难治性癫痫灶诊断中的应用价值。方法：本组35例患儿中男21例、女14例,均行常规脑电图检查及长程视频脑电图监测,其中17例术中行皮层脑电图和深部电极脑电图监测。MRI及MRS检查采用1.5T超导MR扫描仪,先行常规T1WI、T2WI扫描,MRS检查采用多体素波谱采集序列,兴趣区为双侧海马头体部及海马外侧颞叶组织,原始数据经Function Tool软件后处理进行波谱分析。结果：35例中MRS表现无明显异常者6例;双侧海马硬化5例,MRS示双侧海马NAA峰值降低;单侧海马硬化9例,MRS示患侧NAA峰降低;软化灶10例,MRS示局部NAA峰消失;颞叶胶质增生5例,MRS示患侧NAA峰减低,Cr和Cho峰值升高。本组手术治疗17例中MRS定位于左侧海马10例、右侧海马7例,与术中深部电极脑电图监测结果一致。结论：MRS是目前唯一无创性检测活体器官内生化代谢物质的分析方法,不仅能早期诊断海马硬化,而且可进一步提高术前癫痫灶定位的准确性。     

虎纹蜘蛛毒素-I对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马神经元Fas凋亡通路的抑制作用

目的:探讨虎纹蜘蛛毒素-I(HWTX-I)与由Fas分子启动的死亡信号转导通路之间的关系及可能的神经保护作用分子机制。方法:48只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水组及用药组三组,每组16只,采用改良的Pulsinelli"四血管阻断法"并结合蛛网膜下腔置管术构建全脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型。免疫组织化学法检测海马组织CA1区Fas、FasL、FADD蛋白水平表达,RT-PCR法检测海马组织死亡信号转导通路相关因子Fas、FasL、FADD核酸水平表达。结果:免疫组化法检测结果显示,生理盐水组、用药组Fas、FasL和FADD蛋白表达高于假手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),用药组Fas、FasL和FADD蛋白表达低于生理盐水组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);RT-PCR检测结果显示,假手术组Fas、FasL、FADDmRNA表达低于生理盐水组和用药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),用药组Fas、FasL、FADDmRNA表达均低于生理盐水组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:HWTX-I蛛网膜下腔用药对全脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马组织具有一定的神经保护作用,其机制可能是通过抑制Fas分子启动的死亡信号转导通路激活而发挥作用。