“家庭式同伴教育”干预模式对男男性接触者行为干预效果研究

目的探索建立针对男男同性恋（MSM）人群预防艾滋病高危行为的干预模式。方法采用“家庭式同伴教育”的方式,针对300名MSM进行预防艾滋病健康教育及高危行为干预,通过干预前后艾滋病知识知晓率、性取向及性行为的改变,评估该干预模式的效果。结果干预前后,300名MSM对艾滋病知识知晓率,同性间安全套使用率情况明显改善。结论“家庭式同伴教育”模式能够有效地提高MSM人群艾滋病知识水平并相应改变其高危行为,同时应该将坚持使用安全套作为MSM人群防控工作的重点。     

商业流动人员AIDS知识同伴教育及安全套推广使用效果评估

目的 了解商业流动人员对艾滋病(AIDS)知识的掌握情况，探索在该人群中开展预防AIDS的健康教育模式。方法 对商业流动人员进行AIDS知识同伴教育和安全套推广使用，干预前后分两次抽样采取一对一问卷调查，辅予定性资料，评价干预效果。结果 干预后商业流动人员的AIDS知识知晓率有显著提高；性传播、血液传播、母婴传播AIDS的知晓率分别提高至98．90％、99．45％、98．08％；轻视态度由6．50％降至0．55％，回避态度由14．40％降至2．19％，断绝往来的态度由8．17％降至O．27％，关心、开导的态度由56．20％升至77.81％；安全套可预防AIDS的认知率由40．60％升至87．95％，安全套正确使用率由85．20％升至94．25％，干预前后差异有显著的统计学意义。结论 以同伴教育和安全套推广使用为主，结合大众媒体、现场宣传等综合干预手段，是适合商业流动人员行之有效的健康教育模式。     

库尔勒市第三轮暗娼人群行为监测调查报告

目的了解库尔勒市暗娼人群HIV/AIDS知晓情况及相关行为特征,为评估本市HIV/AIDS/STI干预效果提供科学依据。方法随机整群选择娱乐场所、街头从事商业性性服务的女性,用统一问卷的方法,对151名性工作者进行问卷调查。结果艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率较高;有95.4%的性工作者最近一次与＂客人＂发生性关系时使用了安全套,但与固定性伴发生性关系时使用安全套只占30.9%。结论被调查人群艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率较高,但应加强健康教育及干预活动,预防艾滋病从高危人群向一般人群传播。     

在娱乐场所服务小姐中开展艾滋病预防干预试点研究

目的：了解娱乐场所服务小组中艾滋病的有关知识、态度和行为，探索在该人群中开展预防艾滋病宣传教育的措施和评价方法。方法：采用快速评估，现场访谈和咨询、免费发放艾滋病预防宣传折页、安全套和同伴教育等方法进行干预，运用问卷调查和定性访谈方法评价干预效果。结果：基线调查124名服务小姐，干预后调查135名，干预后性病和艾滋病预防知识知晓率等均有显著性提高，但态度及行为干预前后无显著性差异。85．0％的人愿意使用安全套，但实际只有42．1％的人每次都使用安全套。结论：干预活动中不仅要提供性病艾滋病的防治知识，还要提供改变高危行为的技能。定性访谈资料可信性较高，可做为定量资料的补充和评价，但如何把定量与定性资料有机的结合起来还有待进一步探讨。     

对STD高危人群进行全方位干预的社会效应

目的：通过性传播疾病(STD)门诊对STD高危人群进行全方位的干预，探索推广“同伴教育”，实行“STD／网络干预”的可行性。方法：以STD高危人群为中心，运用双向咨询、规范治疗、小组讨论、健康教育等全方位的健康促进方式进行干预，培养愿意从事“同伴教育”的自愿者，试行STD／艾滋病(AIDS)网络干预。结果：(1)干预后，高危人群的STD／AIDS知识水平有很大提高，就诊态度有明显转变，与干预前比较差异有极显著的统计学意义。(2)干预后，商业性行为者的性观念较干预前的差异有极显著的统计学意义，有35．71％和41．89％的性工作者仍赞同性自由和婚前、婚外性行为，干预前后差异无显著的统计学意义；92．91％的非商业性行为者仍然赞同婚前、婚外性行为，干预前后差异无显著的统计学意义。(3)不论干预前后，大部分人在不安全性交后，首先关心自己是否患病，在患病后，首先关心的是能否治愈。(4)干预后，＞95％的调查对象愿意参加同伴教育。40名同伴教育志愿者在3个月内引来204位高危朋友，干预面是其本身的510％。结论：平等、宽松、匿名的就诊环境与有效的生物学干预，是吸引高危人群就诊的重要保证。全方位的健康促进式STD／AIDS干预，对提高STD高危人群的STD／AIDS知识水平，转变就诊态度有明显效果。由于大多数受干预者愿意参加同伴教育，使STD／AIDS网络干预计划得以实施，并取得了初步成效。因此，在SET门诊进行STD／AIDS全方位干预，推广“同伴教育”实行“网络干预”是可行的。     

在暗娼中预防AIDS综合干预研究

目的 降低暗娼感染HIV的危险性。方法 营造支持环境，对暗娼实施流动宣传和100％的安全套推广使用，提供规范的、可及的性病诊治服务，开展同伴教育等综合干预措施。结果 目标人群的性病艾滋病防治知识的知晓率得到了普遍的提高，能正确回答有关艾滋病传播途径8个条目的人数从7％上升到96％；安全套使用率明显提高，与临时性伴侣最近一次性行为使用安全套的比例从34．7％上升到84％；性传播感染(STI)的感染率从61．4％下降到36．7％；在目标人群中建立了一支同伴教育者队伍。结论 对暗娼实施综合干预可有效降低STI的感染率和感染HIV的危险性。     

在娱乐场所服务小姐中开展艾滋病预防干预试点研究

目的 了解娱乐场所服务小姐中艾滋病的有关知识、态度和行为,探索在该人群中开展预防艾滋病宣传教育的措施和评价方法。方法 采用快速评估,现场访谈和咨询、免费发放艾滋病预防宣传折页、安全套和同伴教育等方法进行干预,运用问卷调查和定性访谈方法评价干预效果。结果 基线调查124名服务小姐,干预后调查135名,干预后性病和艾滋病预防知识知晓率等均有显著性提高,但态度及行为干预前后无显著性差异。85.0％的人愿意使用安全套,但实际只有42.1％的人每次都使用安全套。结论 干预活动中不仅要提供性病艾滋病的防治知识,还要提供改变高危行为的技能。定性访谈资料可信性较高,可做为定量资料的补充和评价,但如何把定量与定性资料有机的结合起来还有待进一步探讨。     

石门县娱乐场所暗娼行为干预效果评价

目的提高娱乐场所暗娼艾滋病知识水平,转变其高危行为。方法加强对娱乐场所业主和从业人员艾滋病预防知识教育,在场所确立同伴宣传员,培训并指导同伴宣传员对同伴开展预防艾滋病知识宣传和安全套倡导。结果干预后娱乐场所暗娼艾滋病知识知晓率上升,最近一次性行为时安全套使用率、最近3个月性行为时安全套使用率均提高,连续3年对娱乐场所暗娼监测,未发现艾滋病感染。结论加大对娱乐场所暗娼干预力度,推广使用安全套,能有效改变娱乐场所暗娼的高危行为,预防性病艾滋病的发生。但对于城郊接合部、出租房的暗娼,应动员社会力量,加大宣传和干预力度。     

煤矿工人艾滋病预防干预研究

目的 在煤矿工人中开展艾滋病健康教育及行为干预研究，预防和控制艾滋病的传播。方法 选择平顶山煤炭集团2矿、6矿、11矿的300名矿工作为研究对象，进行不同形式的艾滋病健康教育及行为干预，时间为5个月，并在干预前后各进行1次问卷调查。结果 通过健康教育，矿工对预防艾滋病知识知晓率由53.37%提高到86.41%；通过行为干预，矿工非婚性行为安全套使用率由38.33%上升到69.67%。结论 开展健康教育及行为干预效果明显，今后还应强化对高危人群的健康教育及行为干预。     

嘉峪关市娱乐场所性服务人员AIDS健康教育和行为干预效果研究

目的 探索有效遏制艾滋病病毒（HIV）通过性服务人群向一般人群传播的方法，为预防控制艾滋病（AIDS）提供科学依据。方法 对嘉峪关市娱乐场所性服务人员进行AIDS健康教育和行为干预，采用随机抽样、调查问卷方法收集相关信息，进行干预前后效果比较。结果 AIDS预防基本知识知晓率干预后（96．96%）明显高于干预前（26．91%，但“非传播途径”干预后的全部答对比例仍然很低（60．61%）；干预后最近一次商业性行为安全套使用率（82．6896）较干预前（30．0996）有明显提高。结论 对娱乐场所性服务人员开展面对面的健康教育和干预，能有效提高她们艾滋病防治知识知晓率和安全套使用率，但如何建立长期可持续发展的干预机制有待进一步探索。     

HIV prevalence in Zimbabwean women: 54-67% knowledge and perceived risk

This study examined the level of knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV, knowledge of symptoms and potential sequelae of STI and perceived personal risks of infection among urban women in Zimbabwe. The women consented to being interviewed, examined, tested and treated for curable diagnosed STIs. Prevalence of both STI and HIV was high 11.4% and 54.5% among women aged 15-19 years, 28.5% and 62.4% among those 20-29 years and was highest among the age group >/=30 years 39.0% and 67.0% respectively. Women aged 15-19 years least perceived their risk of infection. Of the women with the highest rates of STI/HIV infection, less than 30% were aware of their vulnerability to such infections. Knowledge of specific STIs, their symptoms and sequelae was generally low. Women who did not know about syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid or warts were more likely to perceive themselves at no risk of infection. Condom use was very low (16.5%). There is an urgent need to improve current education programmes to raise awareness of STIs and the dangers of their long-term sequelae along with behavioural skills building interventions that include equipping women with negotiating skills, making female condoms available at affordable prices and motivating condom use.     

2010年上海市金山区流动人口艾滋病监测报告

目的了解上海市金山区流动人口艾滋病(AIDS)相关知识、态度、行为,以及艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的情况,为有效防治AIDS提供依据。方法在整群随机抽取的企业中,采用连续抽样法选取男性流动工人,开展问卷调查和血清学检测。结果 405名调查对象的AIDS相关知识知晓率为62.22%,且随着"文化程度"或"获取AIDS信息的来源数"的升高而升高(P均<0.001)。愿意与感染HIV的工友共事者的知识知晓率(78.79%)显著高于"不愿意"者(58.22%)和"不知道"者(35.42%)(P<0.001)。最近一年,人群安全套每次使用率13.16%,接受过AIDS服务水平低于10.00%。HCV抗体检出阳性1份,HIV和梅毒抗体均阴性。结论调查人群AIDS相关知识知晓率、安全套使用率、接受AIDS服务水平均较低,歧视现象较普遍,需继续深入开展有效干预防治工作,提高其AIDS防治知识水平和安全套使用率,减少危险行为和歧视现象。     

HIV/STI prevention interventions targeting FSWs in China: a systematic literature review

A rapid increase in heterosexual transmission of HIV and a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China signals potential outbreaks of generalized epidemics. A large proportion of heterosexual transmission has been through commercial sex; thus, millions of female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients play a critical role in the country's HIV/STI epidemics. A number of prevention interventions targeting FSWs have been implemented in response to changes in policy toward HIV as well as growing epidemics. This study reviews existing HIV/STI prevention interventions studies targeting FSWs in China. A total of 25 studies (28 articles) were identified from English and Chinese journal databases. Most studies recruited FSWs from entertainment establishments and had small sample sizes of less than 400. A majority employed a simple pre-post design with an open cohort, none applied a randomized controlled trial, and only two studies had a quasi-experimental design. Venue-based knowledge education and condom promotion represented the typical intervention approach. Some adapted internationally validated programs such as Voluntary Counseling and Testing and 100% Condom Use Programs (CUP), but no scale-up data were reported. Significant intervention effects were reported in most studies, especially increases in HIV/STI-related knowledge and condom use rates. Of the nine studies reporting STI rates, the results were mixed; some even reported increased STIs despite higher condom use. We call for more HIV/STI interventions targeting FSWs in China, particularly, interventions with rigorous design and externally validated measures, and more diversity in intervention programs including biomedical and structural interventions as well as innovative intervention delivery. We also advocate that effective intervention programs be translated into sustainable policies and programs that could have an impact on China's HIV and STI epidemics.     

昆明市流动人口艾滋病相关知识和性行为的调查

目的评估昆明市艾滋病宣传教育的效果,为修订和完善流动人口艾滋病预防工作方案提供依据。方法在流动人口集中的行业,采用整群抽样的方法进行问卷调查。结果流动人口艾滋病知识知晓率为81.4%,对传播途径知识的知晓程度(84.3%)高于对预防知识(76.1%)的知晓程度;流动人口的多性伴比例与文化程度呈反比,表现出"无知者无畏"的特点。低龄、低文化程度、艾滋病知识缺乏、多性伴、低安全套使用率,是流动人口感染艾滋病的危险因素。结论流动人口对艾滋病知识的掌握还不全面,建筑业民工和餐馆服务员是预防艾滋病的重点人群,为达到提高安全套使用率的目标,同伴教育和安全套的提供是保证行为改变得以实现的必要措施。     

Knowledge, risk perceptions and condom usage in male sex workers from three Australian cities

The study identifies factors associated with knowledge and perception of risk of HIV/AIDS, as well as attitudes to and usage of condoms by a sample of male sex workers (MSW). One hundred and eighty-five male sex workers completed a self-reported questionnaire, including knowledge about HIV transmission, attitudes to condom use and perceptions and personal susceptibility to HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk, and a two-week diary recording use of condom during commercial sex encounters. The findings reveal that condom use was found in 77.7% of the encounters with clients and the majority of the respondents perceived themselves to be at no risk for HIV because of sex work. Independent sex workers from Melbourne and workers who owned their place of residence used condoms in a significant lower proportion. Generally speaking, knowledge about the risks associated with AIDS was high, with respondents showing lower knowledge about the risks associated with unprotected receptive or active oral sex. Participants held a positive attitude to condom use; most considered the provisions of condoms to be their responsibility rather than clients; and they were more worried about contracting an STI than HIV. Those who scored higher on the knowledge scale had more positive attitudes to condom use and those who had a more positive attitude to condom use recorded a perceived lower risk of contracting STI but not HIV. The study discusses the relevance of these findings for public health risk reduction and sexual health education campaigns.     

山东省性病人群AIDS流行病学调查

目的 了解山东省高危人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况，探索艾滋病(AIDS)流行因素和特征，以便为今后控制AIDS在山东省的流行提供依据。方法 对山东省9个市的部分性病门诊就诊者3406人进行了调查。现场匿名填写调查表，对被调查者一般情况、近3个月非婚性行为、安全套使用、曾患性病情况等进行调查，同时进行HIV、梅毒抗体和乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原检测。结果 山东省首次在性病人群中检出HIV抗体阳性者，有婚外性行为者占53．76％。近3个月安全套使用情况：1934人回答了该问题，占56．78％，其中仅有8．32的人每次都用。结论 提示山东省HIV感染已经由性乱人群向高危人群(性乱、多性伙伴)和一般人群(夫妻)之间播散。有针对性的加强对高危人群健康教育，使其改变高危行为或采取安全性行为，是目前控制AIDS播散的重要时机。     

A Controlled Study of an HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Intervention with Traditional Healers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Traditional healers play an important role in southern Africa culture and health care including the HIV epidemic. Here we report among the first controlled studies of an HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STI) and tuberculosis (TB) intervention for traditional healers in South Africa. At baseline 233 traditional healers were assessed in four selected communities in the KwaZulu-Natal province and received either an experimental intervention or a no intervention control condition. The intervention group received training in HIV/AIDS, STI, and TB prevention over 3.5 days as well as a supervisory follow-up visit. At 7–9 months follow-up intervention effects were significant for HIV knowledge and HIV and STI management strategies including conducting risk behavior assessments and counseling, condom distribution, community HIV/AIDS and STI education, and record keeping. The study found a high level of preparedness among traditional healers to work with and refer patients to biomedical health practitioners, yet no higher levels of referral to biomedical practitioners were found after the training.     

美沙酮服药人员HIV阴性配偶高危性行为及影响因素分析

目的了解云南省美沙酮维持治疗人员艾滋病病毒(HIV)阴性配偶(单阳阴配)高危性行为及其影响因素,为针对性地进行干预提供依据。方法选取云南省13个美沙酮门诊所有HIV阳性服药人员的固定性伴,并通过HIV阳性检测筛检出阴性者,采用调查问卷收集包括人口学特征、知识知晓率及高危性行为等数据,并对高危性行为及影响因素进行分析。结果阴性配偶上次发生性关系时使用安全套的占74%;接受过性病、艾滋病免费咨询和HIV检测的较高,分别为90%、92%;但接受过性病检查治疗的仅有28%。无小孩是其不使用安全套的影响因素(OR=0.197)。结论 HIV阴性配偶发生性行为时高危性行为明显,易受HIV传播直接受害,特别是没有小孩的少数民族女性,应加强对HIV阴性配偶的强化干预,加强安全套的推广使用,以降低配偶间性行为HIV传播概率。