儿童常规免疫接种情况调查

在通过儿童计划免疫“三个85％”目标审评后，邹城市儿童常规免疫接种率持续保持较高水平。为了解现阶段儿童常规免疫接种率及其影响因素，进一步推动儿童计划免疫持续深入地发展。根据《2004年全国计划免疫审评方案》有关自查的要求，结合我市实际，组织专业人员于2004年10月11日～15日对全市儿童进行了接种率抽样调查。     

荆门市掇刀区计划免疫综合审评接种率调查

为了解当前计划免疫工作的现状和存在的主要问题,促进计划免疫工作稳定、持续、健康地发展,卫生部于2004年10～11月组织开展了全国计划免疫工作审评。湖北省荆门市掇刀区被卫生部随机确定为接种率抽样调查单位之一,于2004年11月1～7日接受了湖北省卫生厅组织的审评组的审评,现将审评结果报告如下。     

吉林市1998年计划免疫接种率调查结果分析

接种率调查是计划免疫检查、审评的核心,较为客观地掌握当地接种率状况是计划免疫管理的重要内容。现将我市1998年乡(镇)级计划免疫督导检查及五苗接种率调查结果总结如下,并加以分析。1 内容和方法1.1 内容 ①乡(镇)街级计划免疫的科学化、规范化管理(资料管理、疫苗管理、冷链管理)。②五苗接种率调查(即儿童在12个月龄内完成卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破混合制剂、麻疹疫苗及乙肝疫苗的基础免疫情况)。③专业人员业务知识考     

丰都县脊髓灰质炎等4苗接种率的血清学监测

脊髓灰质炎 (以下简称背灰 )、麻疹、白喉、百日咳是严重危害儿童健康 ,而又可用疫苗预防的传染病 ,随着计划免疫工作的深入开展 ,传染病发病率大幅度下降 ,丰都县连续 18年无脊灰 ,11年无白喉 ,麻疹、百日咳发病率分别下降到2 93/10万、 0 2 8/10万。麻苗、糖丸、白百破三联制剂接种率分别为 99 71%、 99 90 %、 99 6 2 %。为证实接种率的真实程度 ,于 2 0 0 0年 5月对丰都县接种率进行血清学监测 ,为制定免疫计划提供科学依据 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料和方法1 1　方法　1 1 1　接种率调查方法　按中国计划免疫第 2个 85 %目标审评方…     

濮阳市免疫接种率评价与分析

<正> 计划免疫是控制和消灭相应传染病最经济、有效的手段,常规免疫又是计划免疫工作的基础。但常规免疫应种人数掌握欠准确,报告接种率虚高已是不争的事实。尽管进行接种率抽样调查是掌握实际接种率的有效措施,但由于各级防疫经费紧缺,接种率调查每年也只能进行1至2次。如何利用现有的计划免疫接种率报告系统逐级上报的资料正确地评价计划免疫实际状况,为计划免疫策略的制定提供科学准确的数据,一     

信阳市1995～2001年常规免疫接种率监测与评价

常规免疫接种是计划免疫工作的基础,接种率报告和监测是评价计划免疫工作质量的重要指标之一,为了解我市常规免疫接种率报告现状,进一步提高本市的常规免疫报告接种率水平,我们对1995～2000年常规免疫接种率报告资料进行综合整理,分析报告如下。     

湛江市2000～2004年常规免疫接种率监测结果评价

目的了解湛江市常规免疫接种率监测现状,为提高常规免疫接种率水平,促进计划免疫工作发展提供依据。方法采用《全国常规免疫接种率监测方案》提供的差值(D)和比值(R)评价方法对湛江市2000~2004年常规免疫接种率监测结果进行评价。结果湛江市2000~2004年接种率报表报告率保持100%,及时率从2000年的72.2%提高到2004年的94.4%。2000~2004年卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百日咳白喉破伤风联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的基础免疫报告接种率为78.5%~98.4%,5种疫苗基础免疫估算接种率为43.6%~91.7%;2000~2004年口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百日咳白喉破伤风联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、白喉破伤风联合疫苗的加强免疫报告接种率为53.4%~93.8%,4种疫苗的加强免疫估算接种率为49.1%~91.5%。D值显示:除乙型肝炎疫苗外基础免疫资料2个区可信,7个县区可疑;加强免疫资料3个县区可信,6个县区可疑。R值为0.95~1.05。结论湛江市计划免疫工作发展不平衡,存在薄弱环节,加强对计划免疫工作薄弱地区和薄弱环节的管理,提高流动儿童免疫接种率是今后常规免疫工作重点。     

新蔡县2006年常规免疫报告接种率的评价

计划免疫是控制、消除及消灭相应传染病最经济、有效的手段,常规免疫是计划免疫工作的基础,常规免疫接种率报告的质量在一定程度上可以反映免疫预防工作的质量。为了更好地评价计划免疫工作,为制订和修改免疫预防策略提供依据,现用估算接种率、D值、R值对新蔡县2006年常规免疫报告接种率评价如下。     

地震前后安县计划免疫疫苗接种率抽样调查

[目的]掌握地震前后安县计划免疫规划疫苗接种工作现状,发现计划免疫工作中存在的问题.[方法]采用容量比例概率抽样(PPS)法进行抽样,将结果录入SPSS软件进行统计学分析,用Excel软件制表. [结果]卡介苗、DPT基础免疫合格接种率以及MV加强免疫合格接种率存在年度的统计学差异;2008年基础免疫合格接种率和加强免疫合格接种率有统计学差异. [结论]全县儿童计划免疫工作运行正常.2008年加强免疫工作受到地震影响程度比基础免疫工作大.     

苏州市平江区儿童常规基础免疫接种率调查分析

接种率报告是计划免疫的基本工作,也是进行监测和评价的基础。通过对常规基础免疫接种率的监测和评价,可以动态监测接种率的变化趋势,系统地收集和评价接种完成情况,即使发现工作中的薄弱环节并采取相应措施,保持高水平的常规免疫接种率因此,常规免疫接种率监测、评价具有十分重要的意义。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.