经电子支气管镜针吸活检联合肺活检术对肺结节病的诊断价值

目的 探讨经纤维支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)联合肺活检术(TBLB)对肺结节病的诊断价值.方法 对22例明确诊断肺部结节病Ⅰ期的患者进行TBNA联合TBLB检查,判断其诊断符合率.结果 22例肺部结节病患者中,TBNA组的阳性诊断率为63.6%(14/22),TBLB组阳性诊断率为40.9%(9/22),二者联合应用获得阳性诊断率为90.9%(20/22),明显高于其单独诊断符合率(x2值分别为12.24、4.66,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 TBNA联合TBLB技术微创、安全,可局部麻醉下操作,并发症少,诊断阳性率高,是诊断肺部结节病安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of video bronchoscope-guide transbronchial needle aspiration(TBNA) combined with transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB) on pulmonary sarcoidosis.Methods Twenty-two patients,definitely diagnosed as stage Ⅰ pulmonary sarcoidosis,were enrolled into the study and accepted TBNA and TBLB.Results The positive diagnostic rates of TBNA and TBLB were 63.6%(14/22) and 40.9%(9/22),but the rate increased to 90.9%(20/22) when the two methods were used together,which showed significant differences(x2=12.24,4.66,P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusion TBNA combined TBLB test is a safety method with high diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary sarcoidosis.     

超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检术病人的护理

[目的]总结超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUSTBNA)术病人的护理。[方法]对280例病人行EBUS-TBNA检查,术中提供优质的护理。[结果]280例均顺利完成检查,共穿刺644组淋巴结,淋巴结穿刺取材满意率96.1%(269/280);出现穿刺部位周围纵隔内可疑感染2例,纵隔气肿2例,未出现气胸及纵隔大血管破裂出血等严重并发症,术后恢复良好。[结论]加强EBUS-TBNA检查病人的护理是手术成功的保证。     

针吸活检术诊断结节病的临床价值

目的 探讨针吸活检术在结节病诊断中的临床价值.方法 对35例临床表现和胸部CT检查疑似结节病患者,先后行支气管肺泡灌洗液检查(BALF)、肺内活检(包括经支气管黏膜活检和经纤维支气管镜肺活检)、经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)和经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA).结果 35例患者最终有30例确诊为结节病.经EBUS-TBNA和TBNA诊断为结节病的患者分别26例(86.7%)和24例(80%),与BALF(60%)和肺内活检(40%)检查的阳性率相比,差异有显著性.结论 EBUS-TBNA和TBNA检查创伤性小、安全性好、准确率高,在结节病的诊断中有较高的应用价值.     

超声引导下经支气管针吸活检在肺结节病早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)在肺结节病中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析130例肺结节病患者的临床表现、实验室及影像学检查等资料。结果本研究肺结节病患者中,Ⅰ期101例,Ⅱ期28例,Ⅲ期1例。临床表现主要为呼吸系统症状,影像学可表现为肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大、肺内及胸膜病变等。本研究患者均进行淋巴结活检,其中应用EBUS-TBNA明确诊断者119例(91. 5%)。结论肺结节病临床表现无特异性,影像学发现双侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大者应怀疑为此病。EBUS-TBNA具有创伤小、对Ⅰ及Ⅱ期结节病诊断率高特点,在肺结节病的诊断中具有重要价值。     

纤维支气管镜腔内超声引导针吸活检术的临床应用

纤维支气管镜腔内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)作为近年来发展的新技术,通过实时超声引导下行支气管针吸活检,具有操作简单、创伤小、准确率和安全性高及可重复性等优点,具有重要的临床价值和广泛的应用前景。特别是在肺癌患者淋巴结分期、肺门和/或纵隔肿大淋巴结诊断、肺内及纵隔肿瘤诊断等诸多方面起到了重要作用。     

全身麻醉下超声支气管镜引导针吸活检术的临床应用价值*

目的探讨全身麻醉(静脉麻醉联合喉罩)下行超声支气管镜引导经支气管透壁针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)的应用价值。方法纳入2015年6月-2016年10月在该院呼吸内镜中心进行的103例EBUS-TBNA的患者,随机分为局麻组和全麻组,全麻组以静脉麻醉联合喉罩进行麻醉,局麻组以常规丁卡因局部麻醉,回顾性分析两组患者每例平均穿刺针数、诊断率、操作时间、并发症及舒适度方面的差异。结果全麻组平均每例穿刺针数5.6针,局麻组3.1针;全麻组诊断率94.12%,局麻组诊断率78.85%,两组诊断率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.11,P=0.024);全麻组平均操作时间(14.61±1.52)min,局麻组平均操作时间(32.52±4.14)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=29.01,P=0.000);全麻组术中出血人数及术中呛咳人数均低于局麻组(χ~2=4.31、103.00,P=0.038、0.000)。结论全麻下进行EBUS-TBNA诊断率高,操作时间短,无痛、舒适度高且操作风险降低,值得临床推广。     

情景模拟训练在超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术中的应用

目的:探讨情景模拟训练在超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年10月—2019年10月在超声支气管镜引导下行针吸活检术的84例病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为观察组及对照组,每组42例。对照组实施常规健康教育,观察组实施情景模拟训练,比较两组病人负性情绪、应激反应、治疗依从性、不良反应发生率及病人满意率。结果:观察组病人干预后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后观察组病人收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率、血清皮质醇较对照组明显下降(P<0.05);观察组治疗依从性、病人满意率高于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:情景模拟训练能有效减轻超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术病人围术期焦虑、抑郁情绪及应激反应,有利于改善病人遵医行为,减少不良反应,提高病人治疗满意率。     

超声支气管镜引导经支气管针吸活检在胸内淋巴结核诊断中的准确性和安全性分析

目的 旨在评价超声支气管镜引导经支气管针吸活检( EBUS TBNA)在胸内淋巴结核诊断中的准确性和安全性。方法 在Pubmed、 Cochrane library外文数据库检索相关临床研究,采用Meta disc软件进行meta分析,计算其敏感度、特异度、似然比、ROC曲线下面积和Q*,meta回归探讨异质性来源。结果 最终19篇文献包含1 784例患者纳入研究,EBUS TBNA在诊断纵隔淋巴结核总的敏感度为0.78(95%CI=0.74~0.81);特异度为1.00(95%CI=0.99~1.00);阳性似然比为54.61（95%CI=30.57~97.57）;阴性似然比为0.24（95%CI=0.19~0.31）;ROC曲线下面积为0.943, Q*=0.881,meta回归示研究地区和类型不同与研究结果的异质性有关,欧洲地区研究敏感度较亚洲高0.17（95%CI=0.03~0.83, P=0.03）,前瞻性研究较回顾性研究高0.20（95%CI=0.04~0.95,P=0.04）,差异有统计学意义。仅1例患者发生脓毒血症的严重并发症。结论 EBUS TBNA对于胸内淋巴结核诊断敏感度高、安全性好,特别是对痰菌阴性而高度怀疑结核分枝杆菌（ mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB）感染的胸内淋巴结肿大的患者具有重要临床应用价值。     

纤维支气管镜对肺结节病的诊断价值

目的 研究纤维支气管镜对肺结节病的诊断价值，提高临床诊断符合率。方法 对22例肺结节病的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果有病理学依据的22例肺结节病。男7例，女15例；年龄14-66岁，症状除了呼吸道症状外，还有多系统损害表现，胸部X线片及CT提示双侧肺门肿大21例，单侧肺门肿大1例，纵隔淋巴结肿大16例，经皮肤黏膜淋巴结活检确诊8例，纤维支气管镜活检确诊14例。其中纤维支气管镜阳性率为77．8（14／18），结节病分类Ⅰ期16例，Ⅱ期6例。结论 提示纤维支气管镜检查有助于肺结节病病理诊断并治疗。     

超声支气管镜引导下支气管针吸活检对纵隔及肺门病变诊断的应用

目的 观察超声支气管内镜引导下支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)在诊断纵隔及肺门病变中的应用及其安全性.方法 对21例经CT证实存在肺内病变伴纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大、不明原因的纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大及不明原因纵隔占位患者进行EBUS-TBNA,穿刺物行细胞或组织病理学检查.结果 21例患者均顺利完成EBUS检查,无并发症发生,20例患者穿刺活检阳性.统计穿刺阳性率为95.2%(20/21),诊断阳性率为66.7%(14/21).肺部病变伴纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大15例:根据病理结果诊断恶性肿瘤11例,其中鳞癌1例,腺癌1例,小细胞癌1例,不能分类8例;不明原因的纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大4例:结合临床诊断结节病1例,未能诊断3例;纵隔不明原因的占位2例:根据病理结果诊断支气管囊肿1例,淋巴结核1例.结论 EBUS-TBNA是诊断纵隔及肺门病变一项有效的检查技术,安全性高,可在临床上推广应用.     

Echoic features as predictors of diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in peripheral pulmonary lesions

The endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) features of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are associated with histopathologic presentation. Certain histologic and radiologic characteristics of peripheral pulmonary lesions affect the diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung biopsies (TBLB). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of EBUS echoic features as predictors of diagnostic yield of TBLB. Four hundred and eight patients with PPLs underwent TBLB. The yields of TBLB in lesions with characteristic EBUS features were compared with those without such features. The overall diagnostic yield of TBLB was 64.2%. Lesion diameter (≥3 cm vs. <3 cm; 69.1% vs. 58.5%, p < 0.05), location of the EBUS probe (within vs. adjacent to lesions; 73.2% vs. 46.3%, p < 0.01) and lesion echogenicity (heterogeneous vs. homogeneous; 76.7% vs. 52.0%, p < 0.01) were associated with higher TBLB yields. In malignant PPLs, the echoic features associated with higher TBLB yields were lesion diameter (≥3 cm vs. <3 cm; 74.4% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.05), location of the EBUS probe (within vs. adjacent to lesions; 78.7% vs. 47.4%, p < 0.01), echoic feature of the margin (noncontinuous vs. continuous; 77.0% vs. 62.4%, p < 0.01) and lesion echogenicity (heterogeneous vs. homogeneous; 77.7% vs. 53.9%, p < 0.01). EBUS probe location, echoic feature of the margin and lesion echogenicity were independent predictors according to the results of multivariate analysis. In conclusion, EBUS features are feasible predictors of diagnostic yield of TBLB in peripheral lung lesions.     

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in intrathoracic lymphadenopathy with extrathoracic malignancy

BACKGROUNDEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph is poorly studied in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.AIMTo evaluate the value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.METHODSThis was a retrospective study of patients with extrathoracic malignancies who were referred to Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2018 for EBUS-TBNA due to intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. The specimens were defined as positive for malignancy, negative for non-malignancy (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, etc.), and without a definitive diagnosis. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) for malignancy, and overall accuracy were calculated. Complications were recorded.RESULTSA total of 80 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA and had a final diagnosis, among which 50 (62.5%) were diagnosed with extrathoracic malignancy with intrathoracic lymph nodes metastasis, 14 (17.5%) were diagnosed with primary lung cancer with nodal involvement, and 16 (20.0%) exhibited benign behavior including tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and reactive lymphadenitis or who had benign follow-up. The diagnostic sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for intrathoracic lymphadenopathy in patients with extrathoracic malignancy were 93.8% (n = 60/64), 80.0% (n = 16/20), and 95.0% (n = 76/80), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, longer short axis of the lymph node (OR: 1.200, 95%CI: 1.024-1.407; P = 0.024) and synchronous lung lesion (OR: 19.449, 95%CI: 1.875-201.753; P = 0.013) were independently associated with malignant intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. No characteristics of the lymph nodes and EBUS-TBNA were associated with the location of malignant intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, and no major complication was observed.CONCLUSIONEBUS-TBNA is a simple and accurate procedure for the diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy with extrathoracic malignancy.     

经支气管针吸活检术对肺部疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)对纵隔及肺门病灶、支气管黏膜下病灶的诊断价值。方法采用TBNA技术对59例伴有纵隔及肺门病灶、支气管黏膜下病灶的患者进行检查,观察其诊断的阳性率及安全性。结果 59例接受TB-NA的患者,共计穿刺89次,穿刺成功68次,穿刺成功率76.4%,确诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移26例,黏膜下腺癌1例,淋巴结结核5例,纵隔囊肿1例,纵隔淋巴结增生性炎症1例。结论 TBNA弥补了常规纤支镜检查的不足,对纵隔、肺门及支气管黏膜下病灶的诊断具有重要的应用价值,且TBNA安全性高,操作方便,费用低,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肺穿刺和电子气管镜下经支气管肺活检对肺部周围性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺和电子气管镜下经支气管两种途径活检对肺部周围性病变的诊断价值。方法根据CT片的病灶位置，近胸壁的肺内病灶，距离胸膜3cm以内，71例行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检（TNLB）；55例行电子气管镜下经支气管肺活检（TBLB）。结果TNLB和TBLB阳性率分别为81．7％和61．8％（P〈0．05）；病理诊断符合率分别为97．2％和81．8％（P〈0．05）；恶性病变的特异性均为100％，敏感性分别为94．0％和83．8％（P〉0．05）。TNLB对靠近胸壁的小病灶有较高的阳性率，实验发现大于2cm的病灶和小于2cm的小病灶TBLB活检阳性率有较大的差异。结论TNLB和TBLB对肺部周围性病变的诊断有很重要的价值，两种方法有互补性。合理地选用这两种方法常能获得满意的结果。     

超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检在诊断肺部及纵隔病变中的应用

目的 探讨超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)在肺部及纵隔病变中的诊断价值.方法 总结32例接受EBUS-TBNA检查患者的临床资料,以最终诊断为金标准,分析EBUS-TBNA诊断肺部及纵隔病变的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 32例患者穿刺淋巴结33组,穿刺肺内及纵隔占位病变8例次.EBUS-TBNA在诊断肺部及纵隔恶性病的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83.3％(20/24)、100％(9/9)、87.9％(29/33)、100％(20/20)和69.2％(9/13).结论 EBUS-TBNA是诊断肺部及纵隔病变的安全有效的方法.     

226例经支气管超声内镜引导针吸活检术的护理

总结了226例经支气管超声内镜引导针吸活检术的护理.术前周密的准备,充分的咽喉部及气道麻醉,术中熟练的操作配合和监护,迅速的标本处理是检查成功的重要保证.     

480例支气管内超声引导针吸活检术患者的护理

回顾性分析并总结2014年8月-2015年12月胸部肿瘤科480例在声门和气道局部麻醉下接受支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)患者的临床资料,操作成功率为99.17%(4例因肿块被血管包绕无法穿刺)。480例患者无麻醉药物过敏、出血、纵隔气肿等严重并发症发生。术前充分准备、全面的宣教与心理护理,术中密切的配合与监测,术后严密的护理与并发症观察是EBUS-TBNA成功的重要保证。