乳腺癌腺体全切除联合一期乳房重建手术的评估及实施

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者行腺体全切除联合一期乳房重建的术前、术中评估及具体实施。方法:对近2年行保留皮肤及保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的乳腺癌切除术联合一期重建患者,术前完善数字化乳腺机及MRI,CT等检查,术中完善病理学检查,术后完善重建乳房美学及患者满意度评估并随访。结果:9例患者成功保留NAC,1例因肿瘤切缘与乳晕距离小于2 cm,切除NAC,行保留皮肤的乳腺癌切除术;9例采用假体植入一期重建,1例假体联合背阔肌皮瓣一期重建,术后随访1～24个月,患者主客观评价好,未出现局部复发及远处转移。结论:严格掌握乳腺癌腺体全切除联合一期乳房重建的适应证,操作简单易行,手术治疗美容效果佳,无严重不良并发症,不影响乳腺疾病的治疗。     

胸大肌包裹假体置入一期乳房重建在保留皮肤的乳癌根治术中的应用

目的：探讨保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术一期胸大肌包裹假体置入乳房重建的可行性。方法：对28例0、I、II期乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,同期于胸大肌后方置入硅胶假体重建乳房,并根据冰冻切片检查结果决定是否保留乳头乳晕复合体。结果：28例早期乳腺癌患者均保留了乳头乳晕复合体,术后随访2～18个月,外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达96.5%。所有病例均无局部复发或远处转移,无明显术后并发症。结论：保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行一期乳房重建,能达到满意的乳房美容效果,是治疗早期乳腺癌安全可行的方法。     

保留乳头乳晕复合体的一期硅胶假体乳房再造在乳腺肿瘤手术中的应用

目的：探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体（NAC）的一期硅胶假体乳房再造在乳腺良恶性肿瘤乳房切除术后乳房缺损中应用的可行性。 方法：选取2008年1月—2012年11月乳腺良、恶性肿瘤患者各15例,行乳房切除术后一期胸大肌包裹硅胶假体乳房再造,术中保留NAC;术后随访13~48个月,观察患者乳房美容效果、并发症及临床疗效。 结果：30例患者中28例对术后乳房外形满意,术后1.5、2年出现假体包膜挛缩、假体渗漏各1例,无与保留NAC相关的肿瘤残留、复发或转移。 结论：保留NAC的乳腺肿瘤乳房切除术后一期硅胶乳房假体再造能在治愈患者乳腺肿瘤的同时又满足了患者乳房外形美观的要求,且不增加并发症、肿瘤残留、复发或转移的发生率。     

保留乳头乳晕乳腺全切除术并Ⅰ期乳房重建126例

目的探讨保留乳头乳晕的乳腺全切除术（NSM）及Ⅰ期乳房重建的适应证、方法、效果及可行性。方法对深圳市第二人民医院2005年6月至2011年10月收治的126例乳腺癌患者行保留乳头乳晕的乳腺全切术及Ⅰ期假体植入的乳房重建术,术后从客观和主观两方面评价美容效果,观察其并发症及随访治疗效果。结果126例患者均手术成功。6例早期出现轻微并发症,予以对症治疗后痊愈。术后随访6-80个月,主、客观评价的优良率均为97．62％。其中118例乳腺癌患者无局部复发和远处转移。结论保留乳头乳晕的乳腺全切术及Ⅰ期乳房重建术的手术操作简单易行,美容效果好,无严重并发症,且不影响乳腺癌的综合治疗。     

带蒂大网膜转移一期乳房再造二例

我院1989年8月,先后对2例乳癌患者施行保留乳头乳晕的乳癌改良根治术,同时行带蒂的大网膜转移一期乳房再造,切口Ⅰ期愈合,再造乳房外形满意。 我们认为,保留胸大肌的乳癌改良根治术和单     

胸大肌筋膜在乳腺癌乳房切除后即刻乳房重建中的应用

目的:探讨胸大肌筋膜在乳腺癌乳房切除后即刻乳房重建中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2014年5月—2016年9月接受保留乳头乳晕复合体的皮下腺体切除与即刻乳房重建的18例早期乳腺癌患者临床资料。患者均采用胸大肌及其筋膜覆盖并包裹假体行乳房重建,即首先从自胸骨旁及锁骨下向外侧游离剥离胸大肌筋膜,然后在胸大小肌之间植入假体,最后用游离的胸大肌筋膜缝合胸大肌外侧缘,牢固包裹假体。结果:18例乳房重建手术均取得成功,经过12~40个月随访,所有患者未发现复发、转移,重建乳房对称性好、形态自然,未发现假体移位、挛缩,术后外观评价优良率100%。结论:对于部分早期乳腺癌患者,实施保留乳头乳晕复合体的皮下腺体切除、利用胸大肌及其筋膜覆盖假体的即刻乳房重建方法简单易行,重建乳房美容效果好,并发症少。     

内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术在多种乳房畸形中的应用

目的探讨内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术对乳房肥大及乳房假体、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出后的乳房畸形进行修复的疗效。方法对36例乳房肥大及乳房假体、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出后乳房畸形的患者,行携带或不携带Wfiringer乳房水平中隔内上方真皮腺体蒂乳房成形术修复。结果36例患者,术后胸骨上凹至乳头距离为（20．10±1．94）cm,平均上提乳头7．5cm（4～13cm）,并且均未出现血肿及乳头、乳晕复合体坏死等并发症。2例发生小段切口裂开（发生率为5．56％）,其余均为I期愈合。28例获随访6～18个月,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,切口瘢痕不明显,乳房外形满意。结论应用内上方真皮腺体蒂术式可使乳房得到良好的塑形,同时又能充分保留乳头、乳晕复合体的血运及感觉功能,疗效满意。     

保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后一期乳房假体再造

目的探讨用硅胶假体植入法修复乳腺癌改良根治术后乳房缺失的疗效。方法2005年6月至11月,10例患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,同期于胸大肌后植入硅胶假体再造乳房,并根据冰冻结果决定是否保留乳头乳晕复合体。结果本组病人术后无伤口积液感染,皮肤坏死及异物反应等。10例患者美观效果均满意,其中有4例保留乳头乳晕复合体。所有病人进行术后随访。随访时间为1～6个月。未发现有远处转移和局部复发。无上肢水肿及功能障碍。结论保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行一期乳房再造,具有创伤小、安全、简单、恢复快的特点;再造后乳房美观,效果满意。     

硅凝胶乳房假体联合钛网补片在早期乳腺癌即刻乳房重建中的应用

目的 探讨硅凝胶乳房假体联合钛网补片在早期乳腺癌术后即刻乳房重建中的应用效果。方法 收集2018年3月至2021年5月在我院行保留乳头乳晕复合体乳房切除（NSM）术,并采用硅凝胶乳房假体联合钛网补片即刻乳房重建的42例早期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,分析手术状况、术后并发症、重建乳房美学效果和远期随访结果。结果 42例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间（139.36±2.87） min、术中出血量（85.76±4.23） mL、总引流量（1 262.53±17.65） mL、拔管时间（9.61±2.67） d。术后乳头乳晕复合体（NAC）缺血发生率11.90%(5/42),切口感染/愈合不良发生率4.76%(2/42),血清肿发生率2.38%(1/42);本组患者术后无假体移位、外露、丢失,但4例（9.52%,4/42）出现轻度包膜挛缩。重建乳房美学效果与患者BMI和乳房下垂度有关,正常BMI和乳房无/轻度下垂者,假体重建乳房的美学效果更好;重建乳房优良率达83.33%(35/42)。随访3～37个月,未发生肿瘤复发或远处转移。结论 选择合适的早期乳腺癌患者,NSM术后采用硅凝胶乳房假体联合钛网补...     

乳腺癌一期胸大肌前或后植入假体行乳房重建53例回顾性分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌全腺体切除后在胸大肌前皮肤筋膜脂肪瓣下直接植入假体行乳房重建手术模式的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年6月期间,在茂名市人民医院乳腺科接受不保留或保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳房皮下切除术联合一期植入假体行乳房重建的乳腺癌患者53例,分胸大肌前植入组（31例）及胸大肌后方植入组（22例）,对两...     

乳腺癌全乳切除术后I/II期假体植入重建乳房

【摘要】　目的　总结乳腺癌全乳切除术后I/II期硅胶假体植入重建乳房的临床经验。方法 对2005年6月~2012年12月本院收治的87例行全乳切除术后I/II期硅胶假体植入乳房重建的乳腺癌病例进行回顾性分析。结果 87例假体植入手术均取得成功,I/II期植入后客观评价:Ⅰ期优、良及尚好为95.2%,主观评价优、良及尚好为93.6%;Ⅱ期的主客观评价均为100%。I期植入中出现2例乳头乳晕坏死,需行假体取出术,1例乳头坏死,疤痕愈合;随访2~92个月,所有病例均没有发现有局部的复发及远处转移,也未发现假体的移位、包膜挛缩。结论　乳腺癌全乳切除术后Ⅰ/Ⅱ期假体植入重建乳房,能满足乳房切除术后的美容要求,是治疗早期乳腺癌安全可行的方法。     

保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻假体乳房再造的效果

目的:探讨硅胶假体在保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造的效果。方法:2016年1月至2018年1月,湖南省郴州市第一人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科收治30例女性乳腺癌患者,年龄30~55岁,平均42岁;分为两组。观察组15例采用保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术联合即刻假体乳房再造,对照组15例仅行乳腺癌改良根治术。比较...     

单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术联合一期假体植入乳房重建术临床分析

目的探讨单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术联合一期假体植入乳房重建术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014年2月至2019年7月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术联合假体植入乳房重建手术的34例早期乳腺癌患者的临床病理学资料。患者均为女性,年龄46(11)岁[M(QR)](范围:26~64岁)。对手术根治性、术后美容效果进行评估,并采用乳腺患者报告结局量表评价患者的生活质量和满意度。结果 34例患者手术均顺利完成,手术时间(313.4±11.7)min(范围:200~485 min),术中出血量(33.8±3.3)ml(范围:10~100 ml)。5例患者术后发生乳头乳晕缺血坏死,其中1例因乳头乳晕坏死导致假体外露最终手术取出假体;无包膜挛缩、术后出血等并发症。术后随访时间为35(17)个月(范围:12~77个月),1例发生局部复发伴远处转移,1例发生远处转移。患者术后乳房满意度、社会心理状态、胸壁状态、性健康程度评分分别为(78.3±2.6)分(范围:55~100分)、(89.1±2.3)分(范围:82~100分)、(91.47±1.33)分(范围:43~100分)、(78.5±2.7)分(范围:39~100分)。结论单孔充气法腔镜乳房皮下腺体切除术联合一期假体植入乳房重建术可获得较好的根治效果和美容效果,患者术后生活质量和满意度较高。     

早中期乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术的临床效果

目的探讨早中期乳腺癌行保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后使用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣I期乳房再造治疗的应用价值及临床效果。方法我院2009年11月至2012年10月期间收治的60例经临床穿刺活检病理明确诊断为早中期的乳腺癌患者按术式分为2组：乳房再造组（30例）,即保留乳头乳晕乳腺癌改良根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术;对照组（30例）,即行传统乳腺癌改良根治术。比较2组患者的术后并发症,近远期疗效,生活质量,复发转移情况。结果①对照组完全患侧乳房缺失;乳房再造组乳房再造术均获得成功,再造乳房美容效果评价优22例,良7例,一般1例。②2组患者术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死及患肢活动受限情况比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后切口拆线时间、术区引流时间、住院时间及术后化疗开始时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③乳房再造组心理压力出现率及对第二性征不满意率明显低于对照组（P〈0．001）,乳房再造组社会交往适应率明显高于对照组（P〈0．001）。④2组患者随访12～38个月（平均25个月）,其中对照组有1例死亡,其余59例患者均未发现有局部复发和远处转移。结论从本组有限的数据初步看,乳腺癌根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术,可在根治肿瘤的基础上获得满意的乳房美容效果,使患者的生活质量明显提高,该术式术后并发症较少,不影响乳腺癌的术后辅助放化疗和近远期疗效。     

Immediate breast reconstruction with the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap after skin-sparing mastectomy

Immediate breast reconstruction with the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap after skin-sparing mastectomy is becoming an increasingly performed procedure in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, early invasive breast cancer, and prophylactic mastectomy. Through a periareolar approach, it is possible to remove the breast parenchyma along with the nipple areola complex, preserving almost all the original skin envelope and the inframmamary fold. The TRAM flap is used to recreate the volume and shape of the original breast. This technique has higher quality and easier reconstruction. The major disadvantages, extensive scar and donor site skin color mismatch, are reduced to a minimum level because the former is limited at the natural border of the nipple areola and the latter can be effectively concealed with proper nipple reconstruction. Thirty-one patients with a mean age of 39 years (range, 26-50 years) who had undergone unilateral or bilateral mastectomy for early breast cancer and immediate breast reconstruction with the pedicled TRAM flap were retrospectively reviewed. Requirements for the skin-sparing mastectomy technique include suitability of donor site tissue for autologous tissue, early breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ, and adequate size and shape matching of the contralateral breast. There was no observed local recur- rence during the follow-up period (mean, 20 months; range, 11-30 months). Complications at the recipient site include mastectomy skin flap partial necrosis in 2 patients and cellulitis of the transferred flap in 1 patient. No total or partial flap necrosis was observed. One patient developed abdominal bulging 1 month after the operation, during the administration of chemotherapy. All reconstruction was considered very satisfactory from an aesthetic perspective by the surgeon and the patient. The nicer aesthetic result with oncological safety is achieved with immediate breast reconstruction with the TRAM flap after skin-sparing mastectomy. The risk of local recurrence is not higher compared with more radical surgical techniques.     

保留乳头乳晕复合体乳腺癌根治即刻胸大肌包裹假体植入乳房重建

目的 探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的乳腺癌改良根治术即刻胸大肌包裹假体植入乳房重建的可行性.方法 对28例0、I、II期乳腺癌行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,即刻于胸大肌后方植入硅胶假体重建乳房,并根据冰冻切片结果决定是否保留NAC.结果 28例早期乳腺癌均保留了NAC,术后随访2～18个月(中位随访期:15个月),外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达96.5%;均无局部复发或远处转移,无明显术后并发症.结论 保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行即刻乳房重建,能达到满意的乳房美容效果,是治疗早期乳腺癌安全可行的方法.     

Immediate nipple reconstruction utilizing the DIEP flap in areola‐sparing mastectomy

The surgical treatment of breast cancer has dramatically evolved over the past decade toward an approach combining oncologic safety with aesthetic outcomes. The skin‐sparing mastectomy initiated this paradigm shift amongst breast surgeons and can be oncologically safe, in some cases sparing both the areola and the nipple. In accordance with the emphasis on aesthetics, some general surgeons have adopted new methods of resecting only the nipple, sparing the areola in select patients. The superior aesthetic results, durability, and decreased donor site morbidity of perforator flaps have brought autologous reconstruction back to the forefront of breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap as the gold standard. We describe a technique utilizing the DIEP flap skin paddle for immediate nipple reconstruction at the time of mastectomy and reconstruction, eliminating the need for delayed reconstruction and limiting donor site morbidity by concealing the donor site below the mastectomy skin flaps. In the six cases described performed between 2010 and 2012 (mean with 53 years; range 46–59 years), there have been no complications to the flap or the nipple postoperatively, nor has there been a need for further nipple revisions for 6 months. The nipple position relative to the flap breast mound has remained unchanged for up to 6 months. The immediate nipple reconstruction does not significantly lengthen operative time, requiring approximately 30 additional operative minutes per nipple. Immediate nipple reconstruction utilizing the DIEP flap can be a cost‐effective and feasible technique for recreating a natural‐appearing and aesthetic nipple in select patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.     

The influence of radiotherapy on skin circulation of the breast after subcutaneous mastectomy and immediate reconstruction.

The skin circulation was measured in 43 breast cancer patients following subcutaneous mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with a prosthesis, at least 1 year after radiotherapy (46 Gy) following surgery (19 patients) or if no radiotherapy was given, at least 1 year postoperatively (24 patients). The skin circulation was measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) and fluorescein flowmetry within three areas: 2 cm above the border of the areola, within the nipple-areola complex, and 2 cm below the border of the areola. The results show that there was no reduction in skin circulation. On the contrary LDF and fluorescein flowmetry showed in the operated breast an increased circulation in the nipple-areola complex in the irradiated breast compared with the non-irradiated by 26% and 30%, respectively (P < 0.05). The results indicate that radiotherapy following subcutaneous mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with a prosthesis does not lead to long-term reduction in basal skin circulation in the breast.     

Skin-sparing mastectomy with conservation of the nipple-areola complex and autologous reconstruction is an oncologically safe procedure

OBJECTIVE: Is skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) with conservation of the Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) and immediate autologous reconstruction as safe in oncologic terms as SSM with resection of the NAC as modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The originally described technique of SSM included the removal of gland, NAC, and biopsy scar. However, the risk of tumor involvement of NAC in patients with breast cancer has been overestimated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 2000, 286 selected patients with an indication for MRM and tumor margins of greater than 2 cm from the nipple were presented with the alternative of a SSM. Regular follow-up data were evaluable of 112 patients with SSM and 134 patients with MRM. Immediate reconstruction was achieved by latissimus dorsi flap or TRAM flap. The mean follow-up time was 59 (18 to 92) months. RESULTS: Patients with SSM were significantly younger than those with MRM but were comparable regarding clinical data, tumor parameters, adjuvant treatment, and overall complications. After intraoperative frozen sections of the NAC-ground, the NAC could be conserved in 61 (54.5%) but was resected in 51 (45.5%) of the 112 patients with SSM. The aesthetic results after SSM were evaluated as excellent or good in 91.1% (102/112) patients and were significantly better after preservation of the NAC (P = 0.001). Six (5.4%) recurrences occurred in 112 patients with SSM compared with 11 (8.2%) cases after MRM. Only 1 recurrence in a conserved nipple was treated by wide excision of nipple with conservation of the areola. This patient is still free of disease after 52 months. CONCLUSION: In patients who are candidates for a mastectomy and tumors distant from the nipple, SSM with intraoperative frozen section of the NAC ground offers the opportunity of NAC conservation without increasing the risk of local recurrences.