鼻咽癌病人放疗期间自我管理效能感与张口功能锻炼依从性的相关性研究

目的:探讨鼻咽癌病人放疗期间自我管理效能感与张口锻炼依从性的相关性。方法:采用问卷调查的方式,对放疗科150例鼻咽癌病人进行一般情况、自我管理效能感以及张口功能锻炼依从性调查,分析二者之间的关系。结果:鼻咽癌病人放疗期间张口功能锻炼依从性得分3个维度均处于中等水平;不同性别、居住地、是否参加医保、不同文化程度以及病理分期的鼻咽癌放疗病人的张口功能锻炼依从性得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄(OR=2.262)、居住地(OR=2.051)、文化程度(OR=3.468)、病理分期(OR=2.405)均是影响鼻咽癌病人张口功能锻炼依从性得分的危险因素,自我管理效能感(OR=0.091)是鼻咽癌病人张口功能锻炼依从性得分的保护因素。结论:自我管理效能感是鼻咽癌病人张口功能锻炼依从性得分的保护因素,通过增强病人的自我管理效能可以提高病人张口功能锻炼依从性,改善病人生活质量。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者自我管理效能感与张口功能锻炼依从性相关性研究

目的:探讨鼻咽癌放疗患者自我管理效能感的影响因素,了解患者自我管理效能感与张口功能锻炼依从性的关系。方法:采用问卷调查的形式进行调查,对接受鼻咽癌放疗的患者自我管理效能感与张口功能锻炼依从性进行评分。结果:男性自我效能得分低于女性(P0.01),60岁患者自我效能得分≤60岁患者(P0.01),随着病理分期的升高,自我管理效能感有逐渐降低的趋势,随着文化程度的增加与家庭年收入的增加,患者自我管理效能感逐渐升高。鼻咽癌放疗患者自我管理效能感与张口功能锻炼依从性与的相关性分析呈正相关关系(r=0.782)。高年龄、病理分期、文化程度低、家庭年收入低、无配偶、自费额度高是造成患者锻炼依从性低的独立危险因素。结论:对年长、病理分期较高、文化水平较低、经济能力较差,且无配偶的患者,可通过增加其自我管理效能感来提高他们对张口功能锻炼的依从性。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者张口功能锻炼依从性的影响因素

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗患者张口功能锻炼依从性的影响因素及护理对策。方法选择2019年1—11月治疗的鼻咽癌放疗患者88例作为对象,采用自行设计的调查问卷调查患者的张口功能锻炼依从性影响因素。结果88例鼻咽癌放疗患者张口功能锻炼依从性得分为11.38±0.94分,处于中等水平,不依从53例,依从35例,不依从率为60.23%。单因素及多因素Logistic分析:年龄、社会支持、健康指导、病程、对锻炼的认知度均为影响鼻咽癌放疗患者张口锻炼依从性的因素(P<0.05)。结论鼻咽癌放疗患者张口功能锻炼依从性处于中等水平,应加强对患者实施健康教育及支持,提高患者对张口功能锻炼的认识度及依从性。     

专业化功能锻炼联合互联网健康指导对鼻咽癌放疗后张口困难患者的影响

目的 探讨专业化功能锻炼联合互联网健康指导对鼻咽癌放疗后张口困难患者的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年12月医院收治的80例鼻咽癌患者为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组患者实施常规护理措施,观察组患者实施专业化功能锻炼联合互联网健康指导。比较两组患者干预前后自我管理效能评分、张口困难程度以及生活质量评分。结果 干预前,两组患者自我管理效能评分、张口困难程度以及生活质量评分的比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后,观察组患者自我管理效能中正性态度、自我决策以及自我解压维度评分均高于对照组,张口困难程度低于对照组,生理状况、社会/家庭状况、情感状况、功能状况、头颈部附加条目以及总分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 专业化功能锻炼联合互联网健康指导可提高鼻咽癌放疗后患者的自我管理效能,降低张口困难程度,改善生活质量。     

基于跨理论模型健康教育对鼻咽癌放疗患者张口功能锻炼行为的影响

目的 探讨跨理论模型健康教育对鼻咽癌放疗患者自我效能、张口功能锻炼行为及张口受限程度的影响。方法 选取我院就诊的鼻咽癌放疗患者,使用随机数字表法分为观察组（n=60）和对照组（n=60）,对照组实施常规健康教育,观察组基于跨理论模型健康教育,观察比较2组患者自我效能得分、张口功能锻炼行为及张口受限程度。结果 放疗结束时、随访3个月末、6个月末及12个月末观察组自我效能评分均优于对照组（P<0.001）。观察组患者随访3个月末、6个月末、12个月末行为改变阶段优于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者在随访6个月末、12个月末张口困难程度低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 跨理论模型健康教育可提高鼻咽癌放疗患者的自我效能感,促进患者进行张口功能锻炼行为,缓解了其张口受限的程度。     

乳腺癌病人自我管理效能感相关因素分析及其对术后功能锻炼依从性的影响

[目的]分析乳腺癌病人自我管理效能感相关因素及其对术后功能锻炼依从性的影响。[方法]采用一般资料问卷、癌症自我管理效能感及乳腺癌病人功能锻炼依从性量表对106例乳腺癌手术病人术后3年内8个时间节点进行调查分析。[结果]不同年龄、教育程度、婚姻状态、人均月收入、临床分期、手术类型、辅助治疗的病人自我管理效能评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);106例乳腺癌手术病人的自我管理效能感得分为(83.67±14.46)分,评分指标为59.78%,处在中等水平;术后10～15 d和术后3个月病人功能锻炼依从率分别为81.77%、75.01%,处于高水平;术后6个月和1年功能锻炼依从率分别为69.96%、63.17%,处于中水平;术后1.5年、2年、2.5年和3年功能锻炼依从率分别为47.05%、39.27%、38.50%、37.75%,处于低水平;乳腺癌病人的自我管理效能感与术后10～15 d、3个月时病人功能锻炼依从性各维度及总评分无相关性,病人的自我管理效能感与病人术后6个月至3年内功能锻炼依从性各维度及总分均呈正相关(P0.05)。[结论]乳腺癌病人术后1.5年至3年功能锻炼依从性低,病人自我管理效能感是预测病人居家功能锻炼依从性的重要指标,并能有效促进病人功能锻炼依从性提升。     

PDCA循环健康教育对改善鼻咽癌放疗患者张口锻炼依从性的作用

目的分析PDCA循环健康教育对改善鼻咽癌放疗患者张口锻炼依从性的效果。方法选取2014年6月至2015年7月治疗的鼻咽癌放疗患者80例,随机分为试验组与对照组,每组40例,试验组选择PDCA循环健康教育,对照组选择常规健康教育,观察并比较两组患者的康复认知、张口功能锻炼依从性以及张口困难程度。结果试验组的康复认知率(92.50%)、张口正常率(92.50%)明显高于对照组的康复认知率(60.00%)、张口正常率(65.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组的张口困难Ⅰ级率(5.00%)明显低于对照组的张口困难Ⅰ级率(30.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在放疗后与出院3个月后,试验组的张口功能锻炼依从性良好率[(85.00%)、(80.00%)]明显高于对照组的张口功能锻炼依从性良好率[(55.00%)、(45.00%)],差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在改善鼻咽癌放疗患者张口锻炼依从性中,PDCA循环健康教育能够显著提高患者的康复认知水平,改善患者的张口锻炼依从性,降低张口困难的发生率,显著提高鼻咽癌患者放疗后的生活质量。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者张口功能锻炼研究进展

张口功能锻炼可有效预防鼻咽癌放疗后出现张口困难,本文介绍了张口功能锻炼的内容、教育方式,提高锻炼依从性的措施和评价标准,为临床护士对鼻咽癌放疗患者进行功能锻炼指导提供参考。     

电话随访对鼻咽癌放疗放射性张口困难患者功能锻炼依从性的影响

目的探讨电话随访对鼻咽癌放疗放射性张口困难患者功能锻炼依从性的影响。方法将64例鼻咽癌放疗患者随机分为观察组33例和对照组31例,对照组在住院期间及出院时进行健康教育与功能锻练指导,观察组在对照组基础上,由专人负责电话随访,对患者在功能锻炼期间出现的和可能出现的问题进行指导。比较两组患者出院后功能锻练依从性和放疗后1年、2年时患者张口困难发生情况。结果两组患者功能锻炼依从性比较,P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义,观察组患者功能锻炼依从性明显优于对照组;放疗后1年、2年时两组患者张口困难发生程度比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义,观察组患者张口困难程度明显轻于对照组。结论电话随访能有效提高鼻咽癌放疗放射性张口困难患者功能锻炼依从性,降低张口困难发生率,提高患者生活质量。     

认知干预对鼻咽癌放疗患者的自我管理效能感及不良反应的影响

目的:探讨认知干预对鼻咽癌放疗患者的自我管理效能感及不良反应的影响。方法:选取来我院就医的100例鼻咽癌放疗患者作为研究对象,随机等分为试验组和对照组。对照组患者应用常规护理,试验组患者在对照组的基础上应用认知干预,比两组鼻咽癌放疗患者的自我管理效能感量表评分及不良反应发生率。结果:试验组鼻咽癌放疗患者的自我管理效能感量表评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),且试验组鼻咽癌放疗患者口腔感染、张口困难、颈部活动受限、鼻腔黏膜反应的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对鼻咽癌放疗患者采取认知干预,能显著提高患者的自我管理效能感,减少不良反应的发生。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。