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胰腺是具有内、外分泌功能的器官.广义的胰腺良性肿瘤包括胰腺内分泌良性肿瘤和外分泌良性肿瘤.胰腺内分泌肿瘤除无功能胰岛细胞瘤外,一般均有明显的临床症状,其生物学行为、临床表现、诊断和治疗方法与胰腺良性外分泌肿瘤不同.     

胰腺良性肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗

胰腺良性肿瘤在胰腺原发性肿瘤中占有一定比例。其发病多隐匿、症状不典型、临床缺乏特异性的诊断方法，容易导致误诊、误治。随着影像学以及其他新技术的不断进步，对这类肿瘤的诊断及治疗日益为人们所重视。     

胃内异位胰腺的诊断与治疗(附10例报告)

胃内异位胰腺临床上不多见,约占胃良性肿瘤的5％—15％。随着X线诊断技术的改进和内窥镜的广泛应用,近年发现的病例有所增多,故本文复习文献,结合我院收治的10例胃内异位胰腺,讨论本病的诊断和治疗问题。 临床资料 一般资料:本组共10例,男     

中段胰腺切除术

中段胰腺切除术因切除的胰腺组织少,保留了十二指肠、脾脏和有功能的胰腺,对患者内外分泌功能影响较小,近年来逐渐被应用于胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤的治疗。本文回顾性分析2005年11月至2010年12月我院接受中段胰腺切除术的17例胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤患者的临床资料,探讨中段胰腺切除术的技术要点。     

胰腺神经鞘瘤一例

神经鞘瘤是一种原发于周围神经鞘的良性肿瘤,多位于四肢.胰腺神经鞘瘤罕见,术前诊断凼难.该文通过对上海交通大学医学院收治的一名胰腺神经鞘瘤病人的临床资料进行分析,以提高对该病的认识.     

胰腺节段切除术治疗胰腺良性肿瘤14例

目的 探讨胰腺节段切除在胰腺良性肿瘤中的临床实用价值.方法 对2001年1月至2009年5月期间行胰腺节段切除治疗的14例胰腺良性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组无围手术期死亡病例.手术完整切除肿瘤,术后病人胰腺功能无明显变化,症状得到明显改善,无新发糖尿病,无肿瘤复发,无胰腺假性囊肿形成.术后胰瘘发生率为14...     

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目的总结胰腺节段切除术治疗胰腺良性肿瘤的临床经验。方法对2000年1月至2007年5月北京协和医院行胰腺节段切除术治疗的28例胰腺良性肿瘤临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果手术完整切除肿瘤,术后病人胰腺功能无明显变化,症状得到改善。术后胰瘘发生率14.2%(4/28)。25例获得随访,随访时间为2～84个月,疗效满意。结论胰腺节段切除术是一种安全、有效、保存器官功能的手术方式,适合于胰腺良性肿瘤病人。可以保存病人的胰腺内、外分泌功能,提高生活质量。     

肝胆胰良性肿瘤的准确诊断与合理的外科治疗

本期杂志约请了几位专家就肝胆胰良性肿瘤的诊断与治疗展开了较为深入的讨论,读后受益匪浅。对于肝胆胰良性肿瘤,确诊是获得正确、合理治疗的关键;病理活检仍是最可靠的诊断依据;随着影像学及其它新型诊断技术的发展,临床对于肝胆胰良性肿瘤漏诊、误诊和误治的发生率大为降低。     

机器人“荣氏”胰腺中段手术的临床应用

正对于胰腺颈部及体部近端的良性肿瘤及低度恶性肿瘤,胰腺中段切除术是临床上最常使用的手术之一。而目前胰腺中段切除术大多采用胰肠吻合或胰胃吻合的方式来解决远端胰腺的外分泌问题,但同时也改变了远端胰腺及胃肠道的正常生理状态。笔者单位自于2017年8月30日完成第一例机器人胰腺中段切除、胰管成形、胰腺端端吻合术("荣氏"胰腺中段切除术)后,到2018年11月已开     

机器人辅助胰腺微创手术使医患受益的新探讨

目的探讨机器人辅助胰腺微创手术给医患双方带来的益处。方法回顾总结本院358例达芬奇机器人系统辅助胰腺微创手术患者的临床资料(胰十二指肠切除术105例,胰中段切除术61例,胰体尾切除术145例,Beger’s术18例,肿块局部切除术29例)。探讨不同部位胰腺肿瘤在手术方式和消化道重建方式上的差异。进一步结合患者的临床资料(年龄、性别、手术时间、术中出血、术后住院时间、术后并发症等),体现机器人手术系统在胰腺微创手术中的价值。结果 358例患者中,良性肿瘤患者258例(72.07%),恶性肿瘤患者100例(27.93%),中转开腹有8例(2.23%)。术后出血二次手术10例(2.79%)。胰体尾良性肿瘤手术保脾率为83.81%。结论机器人辅助下各部位的胰腺良、恶性性微创手术都是安全、可行、有效的,对于提高胰体尾良性肿瘤的保脾率有着显著的优势,有利于控制术中出血和增加术者的操作信心。无论在减少患者术中暴露,还是提高医务人员工作效率方面都有独特的价值。机器人辅助胰腺微创手术对于医患双方都是双赢的。     

良恶性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现及鉴别诊断

目的探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现及鉴别良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学及病理资料,比较良恶性肿瘤的特征差异。结果 18例共检出18个病灶,包括神经内分泌瘤13个,神经内分泌癌5个;功能性肿瘤6个、无功能性12个。13例病灶形态规则,12例肿瘤边缘清晰;增强扫描动脉期16例肿瘤呈高密度强化,等密度、低密度强化各1例。良恶性肿瘤间最大径、肿瘤形态、边缘、强化方式及侵袭性差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);功能性与无功能性肿瘤最大径差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现有一定特点,对鉴别诊断良恶性肿瘤具有一定价值。     

微创外科时代胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗

胰腺囊性肿瘤占胰腺囊性疾病的10%～15%,随着影像诊断技术的普及和医疗水平的发展,其检出率不断增加。它多为良性或低度恶性肿瘤,存在恶变可能,需要手术切除,且适合微创手术。当然,胰腺手术并发症率高,仍然是高风险手术,其早期精确的诊断对决定合理的治疗至关重要。对于大多数胰腺囊性肿瘤,胰腺增强CT,必要时结合MRCP或MRI,足以做出诊断。超声内镜检查+穿刺抽液有助于确定诊断和手术时机。手术方式的选择取主要取决于囊性肿瘤的性质及位置。     

Pancreatic solid serous cystadenoma treated by laparoscopy: Presentation of a new case report and review of the literature

Solid serous cystadenoma is an uncommon benign pancreatic tumor, with only, including this case, 21 cases published so far. It is often misdiagnosis with other malignant pancreatic tumors.Below we report a new case of a solid serous cystadenoma of the pancreas treated by laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in 53-year-old female who presented with epigastric pain. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a solid serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Preoperative diagnosis of this subtype of serous cystadenoma is difficult, and, due to its benign nature, conservative resection of the tumor is the recommended treatment.After analyzing the literature, including this case from our department, we discuss clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and histopathological findings, considering in particular difficulties in preoperative diagnosis, feasibility of laparoscopic resection.     

超声内镜对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗的应用进展

随着对胰腺囊性肿瘤认识的提高及影像学诊断仪器的普及,该病的检出率显著提高。由于胰腺囊性肿瘤种类繁多,病理分级可为良性、低度恶性及恶性,而且随着肿瘤体积的增大,病理分级也会不断改变。良性病变的准确诊断对于确定手术方式或内镜治疗的监测需求,以及避免对无潜在恶性的囊肿进行不必要的手术显得尤为重要。近年来,超声内镜(EUS)在胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断及治疗方面取得了很大进展,本文综述了超声内镜对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗进展。     

Surgery of Resectable Nonfunctioning Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumors

Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (NFNEPTs) comprise about one-third of pancreatic endocrine tumors. Based on immunohistochemistry, nonfunctioning tumors are difficult to distinguish from functioning ones; therefore the final diagnosis is basically the result of a synopsis of pathology and clinical data. Owing to their incapacity to produce hormone-dependent symptoms, NFNEPTs are detected incidentally or because of uncharacteristic symptoms resulting from local or distant growth. About two-thirds of NFNEPTs are located in the pancreatic head, so jaundice may be a late symptom of this tumor. Modern diagnostic procedures are best applied by a stepwise approach: first endoscopic ultrasonography and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging followed by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy or positron emission tomography (or both). Due to significant false-positive and false-negative findings, for decision-making the latter should be confirmed by a second imaging modality. Regarding indications for surgery and the surgical approach to the pancreas, three pancreatic manifestations of NFNEPTs can be distinguished: (1) solitary benign non-multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (non-MEN-1); (2) multiple benign MEN-1; and (3) malignant NFNEPTs. Reviewing the literature and including our experience with 18 NFNEPTs (8 benign, 10 malignant) reported here, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Solitary benign non-MEN-1 NFNEPTs can be removed by enucleation or by pancreas-, spleen-, and duodenum-preserving techniques in most cases. The choice of surgical technique depends on the location and site of the tumor and its anatomic relation to the pancreatic duct. (2) With multiple benign MEN-1 NFNEPTs, because of the characteristics of the underlying disease a preferred, more conservative concept (removal of only macrolesions) competes with a more radical procedure (left pancreatic resection with enucleation of head macrolesions). Further studies are necessary to clarify the best way to balance quality of life (by preserving organ function) with growth control of potentially malignant tumors in the pancreas. (3) Malignant NFNEPTs comprise more than half of all NFNEPTs. Few studies have analyzed treatment strategies for localized or metastatic tumors. Whereas radical (including multivisceral) resection of tumors without distant metastases is widely accepted, the indication for radical surgery on metastasizing tumors has been questioned, as radical removal of the primary tumor may fail to increase survival. Adjuvant regimens in these tumor stages are mandatory and should be further optimized.     

无功能胰岛细胞瘤的临床特点及诊治分析

目的：探讨无功能胰岛细胞瘤的临床特点和诊断治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析23例无功能胰岛细胞瘤的临床资料。结果：以腹部肿块（65.2%）,腹痛腹胀(47.8%),梗阻性黄疸(26.1%)等为主要临床表现;经B超,CT,MRI等影像学检查均诊断为胰腺肿瘤,肿瘤平均直径为9.5 cm。行胰十二指肠切除11例（47.8%）,胰体尾切除+脾切除术5例（21.7%）,其他7例（30.4%）。术后病理证实20例为良性（87.0%）,3例为恶性（13.0%）。胰瘘（3例,13.0%）是主要的术后并发症,均经非手术方法治愈。随访恶性者3例中1例术后1年内死亡,另2例现已无瘤生存29个月和8个月;随访17例良性者,已分别生存1~7年。结论：无功能胰岛细胞瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、实验室和影像学检查并结合术中的探查、术后病理综合确定,手术治疗预后良好。     

六种血清肿瘤标志物在胰腺癌临床诊断中的意义

目的：评价血清肿瘤标志物检测对胰腺癌的诊断及胰腺良恶性疾病的鉴别诊断的价值。方法：回顾性分析191例患者血清中CA19-9、CA242、CA125、CA50、癌胚抗原（CEA）及甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平,将胰腺癌与肝脏恶性肿瘤、胃肠道恶性肿瘤、胆道恶性肿瘤及其他良性疾病进行对比,分析其临床价值;同时与胰腺良性占位进行比较,分析肿瘤标志物在已明确的胰腺占位性病变中的鉴别诊断价值。绘制各肿瘤标志物的ROC曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）并进行分析处理。结果：6种肿瘤标志物中,CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平在胰腺癌组均高于胰腺良性疾病组、肝脏恶性肿瘤组、胃肠道恶性肿瘤组和其他良性疾病组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胰腺癌组CA125、CEA水平亦高于胰腺良性疾病组（P〈0.05）。CA19-9的敏感性为79.49%,阴性似然比为0.28,其AUC为0.925。结论：CA19-9、CA50和CA242对胰腺与非胰腺疾病鉴别有意义;CA19-9对胰腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别的综合诊断能力较其他肿瘤标志物强,对胰腺恶性肿瘤与胆道恶性肿瘤鉴别能力较差。     

Value of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Management of Patients With Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG PET) in distinguishing benign from malignant cystic lesions of the pancreas. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The preoperative differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas remains difficult: the most important point is to identify malignant or premalignant cysts that require resection. 18-FDG PET is a new imaging procedure based on the increased glucose metabolism by tumor cells and has been proposed for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: During a 4-year period, 56 patients with a suspected cystic tumor of the pancreas underwent 18-FDG PET in addition to computed tomography scanning, serum CA 19-9 assay, and in some instances magnetic resonance imaging or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The 18-FDG PET was analyzed visually and semiquantitatively using the standard uptake value. The accuracy of 18-FDG PET and computed tomography was determined for preoperative diagnosis of a malignant cyst. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had malignant tumors. Sixteen patients (94%) showed 18-FDG uptake with a standard uptake value of 2.6 to 12.0. Twelve patients (70%) were correctly identified as having malignancy by computed tomography, CA 19-9 assay, or both. Thirty-nine patients had benign tumors: only one mucinous cystadenoma showed increased 18-FDG uptake (standard uptake value 2.6). Five patients with benign cysts showed computed tomography findings of malignancy. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for 18-FDG PET and computed tomography scanning in detecting malignant tumors were 94%, 97%, 94%, and 97% and 65%, 87%, 69%, and 85%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 18-FDG PET is more accurate than computed tomography in identifying malignant pancreatic cystic lesions and should be used, in combination with computed tomography and tumor markers assay, in the preoperative evaluation of patients with pancreatic cystic lesions. A positive result on 18-FDG PET strongly suggests malignancy and, therefore, a need for resection; a negative result shows a benign tumor that may be treated with limited resection or, in selected high-risk patients, with biopsy, follow-up, or both.     

Ultrasound-guided laparoscopic resection of pancreatic islet cell tumors

Pancreatic islet cell tumors represent a diverse group of neuroendocrine lesions. These tumors may be singular or multiple, benign or malignant, sporadic, or part of the constellation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Tumors such as insulinomas and gastrinomas produce gastrointestinal peptides that lead to diagnosis. Nonfunctioning lesions may be found incidentally or by screening patients at high risk for such tumors. Successful management of patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors relies on accurate localization and sound operative technique. With proper preoperative localization, advanced laparoscopic methods can be used to manage patients with these pancreatic neoplasms. Preoperative localization of pancreatic islet cell tumors was difficult in the past. Standard imaging and localizing modalities, such as computed tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, transabdominal sonography, and portal venous sampling, yield only 24% to 75% accuracy. Consequently, many biochemically suspected lesions cannot be imaged with current techniques. Decreased tactile sensation of laparoscopy adds complexity to intraoperative identification. Endoscopic sonography and laparoscopic sonography provide accurate preoperative and intraoperative localization to enhance laparoscopic and open resection. The authors treated two patients with islet cell neoplasms using endoscopic sonography to preoperatively visualize the tumors and laparoscopic sonography to guide laparoscopic enucleation. Their approach and difficulties are discussed.