血清Hcy在单纯性肥胖儿童中的水平变化与糖脂代谢的相关性

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)在单纯性肥胖儿童中的水平变化与糖脂代谢的相关性。方法选取2018年3月至2019年6月本院儿科门诊或住院部收治的单纯性肥胖儿童106例为单纯性肥胖组,收集同期体检的健康儿童78例为对照组。现场测量两组儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围,计算体质量指数和腰臀比;抽取清晨空腹外周静脉血,检测Hcy、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素以及各血脂指标水平,计算胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果单纯性肥胖儿童体质量指数、腰臀比明显高于对照组儿童,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。单纯性肥胖组儿童血清Hcy、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR明显高于对照组,HOMA-β明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。单纯性肥胖组儿童总胆固醇(4.76±0.81)mmol/L、甘油三酯(4.76±0.81)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白(2.25±0.53)mmol/L明显高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白(1.31±0.19)mmol/L明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。血清Hcy与体质量指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白呈正相关(均P0.01);血清Hcy与高密度脂蛋白呈负相关(P0.01)。结论单纯性肥胖儿童血清Hcy明显升高,与糖脂代谢异常密切相关。     

上海肥胖超重中小学生糖脂代谢异常干预效果评价

目的研究肥胖和超重学生糖、脂代谢有关的生化指标特点及肥胖项目干预后的变化,为探索有效的肥胖干预效果评价指标提供依据。方法在上海市健康示范学院抽取1所小学和1所初级中学,筛查出55名肥胖学生,在超重、正常学生中按肥胖学生的年龄、性别进行配对;然后在未开展健康示范的学校中按干预学校学生的年龄、性别分别确定肥胖、超重学生各55名。各组对象均用相同年龄、性别的1∶1配对t检验分析。检测生化指标包括谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FG)、空腹胰岛素(F ins)、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果干预前,肥胖、超重学生的ALT、TG、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR均明显高于正常学生。ALT在肥胖、超重、正常学生分别为32,24,15 U/L,TG分别为1.03,0.92,0.80mmol/L,空腹胰岛素分别为14.70,12.34,5.97 IU,HOMA-IR分别为2.97,2.49,1.20。干预后,干预学校肥胖、超重学生的ALT、TG、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR均明显下降,肥胖组分别为20 U/L,0.90 mmol/L,11.93 IU,2.42,超重组分别为13 U/L,0.85 mmol/L,10.30 IU,2.05。同期对照学校干预后与干预前,肥胖学生ALT、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR明显上升,分别为32 U/L和26 U/L,20.76 IU和12.77 IU,4.57和2.56。结论肥胖、超重学生中存在明显的糖、脂代谢紊乱。健康示范学校创建项目能有效改善糖、脂代谢紊乱。在减肥评估中,除体重指标外,可增加一些生化指标,如ALT、HOMA-IR。     

代谢相关指标在儿童超重肥胖与左心室肥厚关联间的中介作用

目的 探讨血压、血糖、血脂和血清尿酸在儿童超重肥胖与左心室肥厚(LVH)间的中介作用,为心血管疾病儿童早期防控提供科学依据。方法 采用方便整群抽样方法,于2017年11月至2018年1月在山东省淄博市桓台县1所公立学校选取1 400名6～11岁儿童开展基线调查。根据体质量指数(BMI)分类标准,将研究对象分为非超重肥胖组(787名)和超重肥胖组(613名)。采用R软件的mediation包分析代谢相关指标在儿童超重肥胖与LVH关联间的中介作用。结果超重肥胖组儿童的BMI-Z评分(2.0±0.8)、收缩压(SBP)(109.1±8.9)mmHg、舒张压(DBP)(65.4±6.8)mmHg、空腹血糖(FPG)(4.8±0.5)mmol/L、胰岛素(INS)(11.3±7.6)μU/mL、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)(0.7±0.2)g/L、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(2.4±0.7)mmol/L、总胆固醇(TC)(4.2±0.9)mmol/L、甘油三酯(TG)(0.9±0.4)mmol/L、血清尿酸(SUA)(321.2±91.4)μmol/L水平均高于非超重肥胖组[(-0.2±0.7)...     

血清vaspin、visfatin水平与单纯性肥胖患者胰岛素抵抗的相关性分析

目的 探讨单纯性肥胖患者血清vaspin、visfatin水平变化与糖代谢的关系.方法 选取体检者132例,其中单纯性肥胖67例(单纯性肥胖组),体重正常65例(对照组),单纯性肥胖组根据肥胖持续时间分为三组:A组(23例)肥胖持续时间0.5～ 5.0年,B组(24例)肥胖持续时间5.1～ 10.0年,C组(20例)肥胖持续时间＞10.0年.测定各组血清vaspin、visfatin水平及糖代谢指标和脂代谢指标,并进行比较,分析vaspin、visfatin变化与糖代谢指标的相关性.结果 单纯性肥胖组血清vaspin、visfatin、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型评估法计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和体质指数(BMI)水平明显高于对照组[(17.34±4.28) μg/L比(4.12±1.13) μg/L、(57.43±26.75)μg/L比(24.28±10.67)μg/L、(1.14±0.42) mmol/L比(0.53±0.26) mmol/L、(10.14±3.41) mU/L比(5.54±1.96) mU/L、3.48±1.27比1.15±0.54、(28.53±3.12) kg/m2比(20.19±2.35)kg/m2],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).B、C组FINS和HOMA-IR明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A、B、C组血清vaspin、visfatin、FBG、TG、HbA1c、BMI水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),单因素相关分析显示,血清vaspin与FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.362、0.351、0.305、0.453,P＜0.05),血清visfatin与FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.395、0.348、0.391、0.415,P＜0.05).血清vaspin、visfatin与FBG、HbA1c均无相关性.结论 vaspin、visfatin是参与单纯性肥胖患者糖代谢的重要脂肪因子,vaspin、visfatin与FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、BMI呈正相关,是胰岛素抵抗的重要原因,以vaspin、visfatin为靶点进行干预和治疗单纯性肥胖具有重要的意义.     

学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖对糖脂代谢和下肢骨密度的影响

目的探讨学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖对糖脂代谢和下肢骨密度的影响。方法选取2018年5月至2019年12月本院收治的学龄前单纯性肥胖儿童60例为单纯性肥胖组,体重正常的学龄前儿童45例为正常体重组。禁食12 h后采集空腹外周静脉血3 ml,检测空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、各血脂指标水平;使用双能X线骨密度检测仪测定下肢骨密度。结果单纯性肥胖组空腹血糖(6.51±0.67)mmol/L、空腹胰岛素(60.69±4.81)mU/L、糖化血红蛋白(6.38±0.94)%、总胆固醇(5.06±0.72)mmol/L、甘油三酯(1.81±0.37)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白(3.84±0.49)mmol/L均明显高于正常体重组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组超声下肢骨密度值均呈正态分布,单纯性肥胖组下肢骨密度水平明显低于正常体重组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,学龄期单纯性肥胖儿童空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平与下肢骨密度呈负相关(均P0.01)。结论单纯性肥胖儿童存在明显的糖脂代谢异常,下肢骨密度降低,两者存在明显相关性,应加以重视。     

单纯性肥胖症儿童血清同型半胱氨酸水平与糖尿病、心血管疾病发生的相关性

目的 探讨单纯性肥胖症儿童血清同型半胱氨酸水平与糖尿病、心血管疾病发生的相关性,为临床防治儿童单纯性肥胖提供参考依据。 方法 选择2016年8月-2017年12月来深圳市儿童医院儿童保健门诊就诊的53例单纯性肥胖儿童纳入肥胖组,以及同期在本院进行体格检查的82例健康儿童为正常组。采用化学发光法测定血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),分别检测两组儿童身高、体重、臀围、腰围,计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、计算胰岛素分泌功能指数(HOMA-β)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);并对Hcy与各指标进行相关性分析。 结果 肥胖组儿童的血清Hcy水平明显高于正常组儿童的水平,差异有统计学意义(t=3.136,P＜0.05)。两组儿童身高比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。肥胖组体重、臀围、腰围、BMI、WHR均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。肥胖组儿童的FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR高于对照组,HOMA-β低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清Hcy与BMI、WHR、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C水平呈正相关(r=0.473~0.732,P＜0.05),与HOMA-β、HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.774,-0.725,P＜0.05) 。 结论 单纯性肥胖儿童血清同型半胱氨酸升高,与糖尿病及心血管疾病密切相关,单纯性肥胖儿童应定期监测血清同型半胱氨酸水平。     

单纯性肥胖儿童血清半胱氨酸水平及与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的分析单纯性肥胖儿童血清半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选取2019年1月-2020年6月杭州市第九人民医院儿童保健门诊诊治的52例单纯性肥胖儿童纳入观察组,同期体检的50例健康儿童为对照组。比较两组儿童的临床指标、血脂指标、血清Hcy水平、空腹血糖(FPG)水平及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),分析观察组儿童血清Hcy和代谢指标的相关性。结果观察组儿童血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平分别为(1.57±0.46)mmol/L、(4.67±1.68)mmol/L及(2.20±0.69)mmol/L,均明显高于对照组的(0.86±0.31)mmol/L、(3.60±1.21)mmol/L及(1.59±0.43)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(t=9.105,t=3.678,t=5.334,均P0.05);观察组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平为(1.42±0.27)mmol/L,明显低于对照组的(1.69±0.35)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=4.372,P0.05)。观察组儿童血清Hcy、FPG及HOMA-IR水平分别为(10.25±3.18)μmol/L、(5.17±1.46)mmol/L及(4.80±1.72),均明显高于对照组的(5.67±2.04)μmol/L、(4.52±1.14)mmol/L及(3.39±1.28),差异均有统计学意义(t=5.187,t=4.621,t=4.356,均P0.05)。相关性分析显示:单纯性肥胖儿童血清Hcy水平与TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG及HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.554,P0.05;r=0.508,P0.05;r=0.704,P0.05;r=0.576,P0.05;r=0.627,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.576,P0.05)。结论单纯性肥胖儿童存在Hcy水平升高、脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗,且血清Hcy水平与脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

单纯性肥胖儿童血清25-羟维生素D3 皮质醇 胰岛素 促甲状腺激素水平变化及意义分析

目的 探讨单纯性肥胖儿童血清25-羟维生素D₃[25-(OH)D₃]、皮质醇、胰岛素、促甲状腺激素水平变化及意义。方法 选取2020年5月—2022年2月厦门市妇幼保健院收治的68例单纯性肥胖儿童为单纯性肥胖组，另随机选取同期体质量正常的68例儿童为对照组。分析比较两组儿童的血清25-(OH)D₃、皮质醇、胰岛素、促甲状腺激素水平以及两组儿童的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、各血脂指标。收集受试儿童的性别、年龄、出生体质量、居住地(市区、乡镇)及出生方式(顺产、剖宫产)。结果 单纯性肥胖组儿童出生体质量(3.51±0.42)kg、居住地在市区的比例70.59%、空腹血糖(5.12±0.47)mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(5.39±0.34)%、总胆固醇(4.82±0.51)mmol/L、三酰甘油(1.49±0.42)mmol/L及低密度脂蛋白(3.13±0.41)mmol/L均明显高于对照组儿童，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单纯性肥胖组儿童血清25-(OH)D₃水平明显低于对照组，血清皮质醇、...     

血清hs-CRP测定在妊娠糖尿病患者中的临床意义

目的 探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者发病中的作用. 方法 利用ELISA方法检测51例妊娠糖尿病患者和45例糖耐量正常(NGT)孕妇的血清hs-CRP水平,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法及放射免疫法测定空腹葡萄糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR). 结果 (1)GDM组FPG[(6.09±0.79)mmol/L]、FIns[(17.03±7.58)mIU/L]、HOMA-IR(3.88±2.01)、hs-CRP[(11.07±3.69)mg/L]分别高于NGT组[(4.30±0.50)mmol/L、(13.39±3.17)mIU/L、(2.56±0.69)和(6.08±2.54)mg/L](P<0.01);(2)血清hs-CRP水平与HOMA-IR(r=0.288,P<0.01)、FIns(r=0.301,P<0.01)、BMI(r=0.196,P<0.01)相关. 结论 慢性炎症与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,hs-CRP升高是GDM的发病的一个预测因子.     

营养干预结合有氧运动对非酒精性脂肪肝患者血清脂联素的影响

目的探讨营养干预结合有氧运动对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFL)患者血清脂联素水平和胰岛素抵抗的影响.方法以2008年4月至2009年8月聊城市人民医院查体中心和肝病门诊确诊的32例NAFL患者为NAFL组,同期健康查体人员31例为对照组.对NAFL组进行营养干预并实施有氧运动方案,检测两组干预前后体重指数(BMI)、血清脂联素、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)及血脂水平变化,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),比较组间差异、干预前后差异以及血清脂联素与各指标的相关性.结果 子预前NAFL组的BMI[(29.84±3.16) kg/m2比( 22.22±1.81)kg/m2,P=0.000]、总胆固醇(TC)[(5.09±0.86) mmol/L比(4.38±0.85) mmol/L,P=0.002]、甘油三酯(TG) [(1.99-0.86) mmol/L比(1.10±0.38) mmol/L,P=0.000]、FBG [(6.02±0.63) mmol/L比(5.02±0.71) mmol/L,P=0.000]、FINS[(13.73±3.24)mU/L比(9.55±1.99) mU/L,P=0.000]、HOMA-IR[(3.74±1.21) mmol/L比(2.08±0.27) mmol/L,P=0.000]水平均显著高于正常对照组,脂联素水平明显低于对照组[(4.89±1.81) ug/L比(12.97±3.15) ug/L,P=0.000].NAFL组干预后BMI[(26.65±2.39) kg/m2比(29.84±3.16) kg/m2,P =0.000]、FBG[(5.61±0.47) mmol/L比(6.02±0.63) mmol/L,P=0.004]和FINS[(11.12±2.01) mU/L比(13.73±3.24) mU/L,P=0.000]水平显著低于干预前,脂联素水平显著高于干预前[(6.54±2.12)ug/L比(4.89±1.81) ug/L,P=0.001].脂联素与BMI、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR和TG呈显著负相关(P值分别为0.004、0.000、0.000、0.000、0.010),与高密度脂蛋白呈显著正相关(P =0.026),与TC无相关性(P =0.101).结论营养干预结合有氧运动可提高NAFL患者的血清脂联素水平,调节血糖血脂水平,改善胰岛素抵抗.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.