血流向量成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病左心室收缩期血流动力学特征

目的 应用超声血流向量成像(VFM)技术评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)左室收缩期血流动力学特征及流场分布特点.方法 随机选取肥厚型非梗阻性心肌病患者35例作为病例组,健康成年志愿者40例为对照组,比较两组左室收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、峰值流量(Fs)及收缩期负向总流量(SQ-),观察两组速度向量、流线和涡流分布特点.结果 对照组Vs、Fs、SQ- 及病例组Vs、Fs均由基底段、中间段至心尖段呈递减趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而病例组SQ- 失去这种顺序递减趋势.病例组各节段Vs、Fs及中间段、心尖段SQ- 均大于对照组,但基底段SQ- 明显小于对照组(P＜0.01).与对照组比较,病例组血流流场分布特点为速度方向混乱,流速快,流线不连续,涡流增多.结论 VFM技术能够定量评价HCM患者左室收缩期血流动力学特征,并能清晰显示血流流场的分布情况.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the left ventricular(LV) systolic hemodynamics and the distribution of blood flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by vector flow mapping(VFM).MethodsThirty-five random non-obstructive HCM patients(case group) and forty healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled.Peak systolic velocity (Vs),peak systolic flow (Fs) and total systolic negative flow (SQ-) of two groups were compared.Velocity vector,streamline and vortex distribution of two groups were observed.Results Vs,Fs,SQ- of the control group and Vs,Fs of the case group all showed a decreasing trend from the basal segments to the apical segment(P<0.05).SQ- of the case group lost this decreasing tendency.Vs,Fs of all segments and SQ- of the middle and apical segment of the case group were higher than those of the control group.SQ- of the basal segment of the case group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.01).Distribution of blood flow:The velocity of blood flow was faster in the case group than that in the control group and the direction was disordered.The streamlines of the case group were discontinuous,and vortexes in the case group were more than that in the control group.Conclusions VFM technology could quantitatively evaluate LV systolic hemodynamics in patients with HCM,and can clearly show the distribution of blood flow.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的冠状动脉血流成像分析

Objective To non-invasive assess coronary blood flow velocity changes of patients with slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) by coronary blood flow imaging (CFI).Methods Twenty-one patients who had no significant coronary artery stenosis but had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) slow-flow phenomenon were the experimental group,nine patients who has no significant coronary stenosis and TIMI flow normal were the control group.Using corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC) assess velocity of coronary artery.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter,end systolic diameter,ejection fraction,E peak velocity,A peak velocity,E/A ratio were measured by conventional echocardiography.The distal anterior descending coronary artery diastolic peak flow velocity(Vmax),mean velocity(Vmean) and blood flow velocity time integral(VTI) were measured by CFI.Results The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) of left anterior descending artery blood flow in slow blood group was (45.37 ± 8.62)frame,that in control group was (15.94± 4.66)frame,the difference was statistically significant (t = -9.596,P =0.000).The conventional echocardiographic measurements of two groups were not significantly different.The left anterior descending artery Vmax was (22.86 ± 3.04)cm/s,Vmean was (17.62 ± 2.89)cm/s,VTIwas (8.49± 2.01)cm in the slow blood flow group,the left anterior descending artery Vmax was (31.78 ± 9.28) cm/s,Vmean was (23.67 ± 7.60) cm/s,VTI was (10.91 ± 4.47) cm in the control group.The difference was statistically significant.The left anterior descending artery CTFC with Vmax and Vmean was negative correlation in the control group and the slow blood flow group.The left anterior descending artery CTFC was negatively correlated with VTI in the control group,there was no correlation between left anterior descending artery CTFC and VTI in the slow blood flow group.Conclusions Coronary artery flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery was declined.CFI can reflect changes in coronary TIMI flow,but in the diagnosis of coronary slow flow phenomenon CFI has limitations.     

The first two cases of transcatheter mitral valve repair with ARTO system in Asia

BACKGROUND:MAVERIC(Mitral Valve Repair Clinical Trial)validates the safety and effi cacy of the ARTO system.We here report the fi rst two successful cases of utilizing the ARTO system in patients with symptomatic heart failure(HF)with functional mitral regurgitation(FMR)in Asia.METHODS:Two patients,aged 70 and 63,had severe HF with FMR.Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that the left ventricular ejection fractions were less than 50%with severe mitral regurgitation(MR)in both patients.Optimizing drug treatment could not mitigate their symptoms.Therefore,we used the ARTO system to repair the mitral valve for these patients on March 5 and 6,2019,respectively.RESULTS:Mitral valve repairs using the ARTO system were successfully performed under general anaesthesia for these two patients.MR was decreased immediately after the procedures in both patients.The 30-day and 3-month transthoracic echocardiography(TTE)revealed a moderate to severe MR in both patients,and the New York Heart Association(NYHA)scales were also partially improved.CONCLUSION:The first two cases in Asia indicate that the ARTO system is feasible for patients with heart failure with FMR,and the patient selection appears to be crucial.     

二尖瓣环收缩期最大位移达峰时间评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室长轴收缩功能的超声心动图研究

Objective To evaluate the value of peak time(PT) and corrected peak time(PTc) in the assessment of left ventricular long axis systolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods Thirty-one DCM cases and thirty-six healthy cases were investigated using echocardiography.To obtain image of apical four-chamber view and apical two-chamber view, PT was measured by the technique of tissue motion annular displacement.The value of PTc was corrected by R-R interval.The critical value of PT and PTc was obtained by ROC curves.Results Compared with the PT of control group, the PT of DCM group at the site of septal and lateral were significantly increased ( P ＜0.05), but the PT at the site of anterior and inferior were no significantly increased ( P ＞0.05).The PTc at the four sites were significantly increased compared with control group ( P ＜0.05).The areas of under the ROC curve of PTc was 0.849 (95 % CI 0.699～0.929, P = 0.000), sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis cardiac dysfunction were 80.6 % and 66.7% respectively.Conclusions The PTc was significantly increased in patients with DCM.PTc was useful to evaluate left ventricular dysfunction in DCM patients.     

二尖瓣环收缩期最大位移达峰时间评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室长轴收缩功能的超声心动图研究

Objective To evaluate the value of peak time(PT) and corrected peak time(PTc) in the assessment of left ventricular long axis systolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods Thirty-one DCM cases and thirty-six healthy cases were investigated using echocardiography.To obtain image of apical four-chamber view and apical two-chamber view, PT was measured by the technique of tissue motion annular displacement.The value of PTc was corrected by R-R interval.The critical value of PT and PTc was obtained by ROC curves.Results Compared with the PT of control group, the PT of DCM group at the site of septal and lateral were significantly increased ( P ＜0.05), but the PT at the site of anterior and inferior were no significantly increased ( P ＞0.05).The PTc at the four sites were significantly increased compared with control group ( P ＜0.05).The areas of under the ROC curve of PTc was 0.849 (95 % CI 0.699～0.929, P = 0.000), sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis cardiac dysfunction were 80.6 % and 66.7% respectively.Conclusions The PTc was significantly increased in patients with DCM.PTc was useful to evaluate left ventricular dysfunction in DCM patients.     

Surgical removal of a large mobile left ventricular thrombus via left atriotomy

Left ventricular(LV) thrombus is a life-threatening complication of severe LV dysfunction. Ventriculotomy has been a commonly performed procedure for LV thrombus; however, it often further decrease LV function after surgery. We present an alternative approach to thrombectomy in order to minimize the postoperative LV dysfunction. A 37-year-old female with a postpartum cardiomyopathy found to have poor LV function and a large left ventricular apical thrombus(3 cm × 3 cm) attached to the apex by a narrow stalk. Given her severe LV dysfunction, the LV thrombus was approached via left atriotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. The LV thrombus was easily extracted with gentle traction via the mitral valve. Postoperatively, the patient was discharged home without any embolization event or inotropic support. LV thrombectomy via left atriotomy through the mitral valve could be an alternative option for the patients with poor LV function with a mobile LV thrombus.     

全腔静脉肺动脉连接术后近、中期效果分析

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), investigate the applications and short and mid term effects. Methods From 1999 to 2007,31 patients with complex congenital heart disease underwent TCPC. All patients were divided into child group(≤16 years old ,n =21 ) and a-dult group( n = 10 ), including 15 cases of functional univentricle, 8 cases of complete atrioventricular septal defect with double outlet of right ventricle, 3 cases of transposition with double outlet right ventricle, 3 cases of tricuspid atresia, 1 case of double outlet of right ventricle with hypoplastic left heart. 1 case of corrected transposition of the great arteries with TOF. Among them, 1 patient had cortriatriatum, 10 patients had left superior vena cave, moderate or severe mitral valve insufficiency occurred in 1, moderate atrioventricular valve insufficiency occurred in 3.28 pa-tients underwent TCPC with cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) and 3 patients without CPB ;Of them, 21 patients were treated with extracardiac conduit and 10 cases with intratrial lateral tunnel. Results There was no early death,post-operative death or large quantities of pleural effusion in child group;but two deaths and three patients with large quantities of pleural effusion in adult group. One case caught up in inferior venous stasis and was cured. Follow- up was carded out from 6 months to 6 years. 26 patients were in NYHA class Ⅰ ,2 patients in NYHA class Ⅱ and only one patient in NYHA class Ⅲ. Conclusions TCPC is effectively used for complex congenital heart disease which can not be corrected in anatomy;serious postoperative complications often occur in adults. Atrioventricular valve in-sufficiency decisively affects the short and midterm effects, even the long-term effects.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的冠状动脉血流成像分析

目的 应用冠状动脉血流成像(CFI)无创性评估冠状动脉慢血流现象患者的冠状动脉血流速度变化.方法 冠状动脉无明显狭窄且心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)提示慢血流现象患者21例,冠状动脉造影无明显狭窄且TIMI血流正常者9例作为对照组.采用校正的TIMI血流计帧法(CTFC)评价冠状动脉血流速度.常规超声心动图测量左室舒张末期内径、收缩末期内径、左室射血分数、E峰、A峰、E/A值.CFI测量冠状动脉前降支远端舒张期峰值血流速度(Vmax)、舒张期平均流速(Vmean)和血流速度时间积分(VTI).结果 慢血流组前降支CTFC为(45.37±8.62)帧,对照组为(15.94±4.66)帧,二者差异有统计学意义(t=-9.596,P=0.000).慢血流组与对照组常规超声心动图测值差异均无统计学意义.慢血流组前降支Vmax为(22.86±3.04)cm/s,Vmean为(17.62±2.89)cm/s,VTI为(8.49±2.01)cm;对照组前降支Vmax为(31.78±9.28)cm/s,Vmean为(23.67±7.60)cm/s,VTI为(10.91±4.47)cm,两组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组及慢血流组前降支CTFC与Vmax和Vmean呈负相关,对照组前降支CTFC与VTI呈负相关,慢血流组前降支CTFC与VTI无相关性.结论 冠状动脉慢血流现象患者冠状动脉前降支远端血流速度减慢,CFI能够反映冠状动脉造影TIMI血流的变化,但诊断冠状动脉慢血流现象有局限.

Abstract：

Objective To non-invasive assess coronary blood flow velocity changes of patients with slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) by coronary blood flow imaging (CFI).Methods Twenty-one patients who had no significant coronary artery stenosis but had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) slow-flow phenomenon were the experimental group,nine patients who has no significant coronary stenosis and TIMI flow normal were the control group.Using corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC) assess velocity of coronary artery.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter,end systolic diameter,ejection fraction,E peak velocity,A peak velocity,E/A ratio were measured by conventional echocardiography.The distal anterior descending coronary artery diastolic peak flow velocity(Vmax),mean velocity(Vmean) and blood flow velocity time integral(VTI) were measured by CFI.Results The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) of left anterior descending artery blood flow in slow blood group was (45.37 ± 8.62)frame,that in control group was (15.94± 4.66)frame,the difference was statistically significant (t = -9.596,P =0.000).The conventional echocardiographic measurements of two groups were not significantly different.The left anterior descending artery Vmax was (22.86 ± 3.04)cm/s,Vmean was (17.62 ± 2.89)cm/s,VTIwas (8.49± 2.01)cm in the slow blood flow group,the left anterior descending artery Vmax was (31.78 ± 9.28) cm/s,Vmean was (23.67 ± 7.60) cm/s,VTI was (10.91 ± 4.47) cm in the control group.The difference was statistically significant.The left anterior descending artery CTFC with Vmax and Vmean was negative correlation in the control group and the slow blood flow group.The left anterior descending artery CTFC was negatively correlated with VTI in the control group,there was no correlation between left anterior descending artery CTFC and VTI in the slow blood flow group.Conclusions Coronary artery flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery was declined.CFI can reflect changes in coronary TIMI flow,but in the diagnosis of coronary slow flow phenomenon CFI has limitations.     

速度向量成像技术评价急性心肌梗死患者左心室不同步运动的临床研究

Objective To assess the left ventricular contraction asynchrony in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods Sixty AMI patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included.Using VVI,the time to peak longitudinal systolic velocity (TL-V) was measured in the left ventricular long axis views,the time to peak radial systolic velocity (TR-V) was measured in parasternal short axis views.The deviation of the earliest and the latest TL-V and TR-V (Ts max-min) was measured,and the standard deviation of TL-V and TR-V (TS-SD) was also measured.Results ①TL-V ,TR-V of the infarcted and non-infarcted segments in patients with acute myocardial infarction were longer than those of the normal segments (P ＜0.05).②The longitudinal Tsmax-min,Ts-SD and the radial Tsmax-min,Ts-SD in infarcted patients were increased compared with the healthy volunteers (P ＜0.001).③Ts of the infarcted segments was increased in turn from the class Ⅰ to class Ⅳ of the cardiac function (P ＜0.001).Conclusions VVI could be used to assess the left ventricular contraction asynchrony in patients with AMI.VVI is a new useful method to determine the infarcted segments.     

扩张型心肌病患者左心室扭转与左心室重构及功能关系的研究

目的 应用二维斑点追踪显像技术(2D-STI)评价扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者左室扭转运动变化对左室重构与功能的影响.方法 DCM患者39例,对照组35例,均接受常规超声心动图、组织多普勒成像检查,获取各受试者左室心底及心尖水平短轴切面观二维图像存盘供Q-lab软件脱机分析.测量参数包括:左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF);左室球化指数(LVSI)、左室重量指数(LVMI);二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度E、二尖瓣环收缩期运动速度S、舒张早期运动速度E',计算E/ E'; 心底水平和心尖水平左室整体旋转峰值(R心底、R心尖)、左室整体扭转峰值(T)、左室相对扭转(T').结果 与对照组比较,DCM组患者LVEDd、LVMI均显著增大;LVEF及LVSI显著降低; S及E'均显著降低,E/ E'显著增大.根据左室心尖水平旋转方向将DCM患者分为DCM-1组(心尖顺时针旋转)与DCM-2组(心尖逆时针旋转),与对照组比较,两组DCM组患者R心尖、R心底、T、T'均显著减低;与DCM-1组比较,DCM-2组R心底、R心尖、T、T'显著减低,LVEDd、LVMI均显著增大,LVEF及LVSI显著降低,E'显著降低,E/ E'显著增大.结论 DCM患者左室扭转运动减低;心尖水平扭转减低更为显著甚至反向扭转的DCM患者左室重构与功能减低更严重.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of torsion on remodeling and function of left ventricle by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).MethodsThirty-nine patients with DCM and thirty-five controls accepted conventional echocardiography,pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging examination.Basal and apical short-axis view of left ventricle were accorded for Q-lab analysis.Indices included:left ventricular diameter in end diastole (LVEDd),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular sphericity index (LVSI),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),e-wave of mitral valvular flow (E),velocity of mitral annulus in systole (S),velocity of mitral annulus in early distole ( E'), E/ E',rotation of left ventricle at basal and apical level(Rbasal,Rapical),twist (T),torsion (T').Results Compared with controls,LVEDd,LVMI of patients with DCM increased significantly,LVEF and LVSI decreased significantly,S and E' decreased significantly,E/ E' increased significantly.Patients with DCM were divided into two groups:group DCM-1 (clockwise rotation at apical level) and group DCM-2 (countclockwise rotation at apical level).Compared with controls,Rasal,Rapical,T,T' of two DCM groups decreased significantly.Compared with group DCM-1,Rbasal,Rapical,T,T' of group DCM-2 decreased significantly,LVEDd,LVMI increased significantly,LVEF and LVSI decreased significantly,E' decreased significantly,E/ E' increased significantly.Conclusions The torsion of left ventricle decrease in patients with DCM,DCM patients with decreased or reversed torsion of left ventricular apex have more severe LV remodeling or damage of LV function.     

血流向量成像对冠心病患者左室腔内舒张期涡流的定量评价

目的应用血流向量成像(VFM)技术探讨冠心病患者左室腔内舒张期涡流状态的特点。方法 43例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和35例健康志愿者(对照组)分别接受常规超声心动图检查,采集连续3个心动周期的标准心尖三腔观彩色血流动态图像,应用VFM软件DSA-RS1进行脱机分析,测量舒张中期左室腔内涡流横径、纵径、圈数及涡流强度,观察舒张期涡流演变过程,比较两组间的差异。结果与对照组比较,冠心病组舒张期涡流位置更靠近二尖瓣环,涡流形态不规则,疏密不均匀,舒张中期涡流橫径、纵径减小[(25.46±9.18)mmvs.(32.39±11.32)mm,P﹤0.01;(23.45±10.65)mm vs.(35.04±12.66)mm,P﹤0.01],圈数减少[(8.09±2.99)vs.(9.51±3.28),P﹤0.05],涡强显著降低[(18.90±6.42)s-1vs.(26.40±9.24)s-1,P﹤0.01]。结论 VFM技术能直观显示冠心病患者左室腔内血液流场状态结构,可用于初步定量评价冠心病患者心室腔内血流动力学变化,为评价心腔内血流结构的研究提供了一种新的方法。     

超声向量血流图对人体左心室涡流的初步探讨

目的 应用向量血流图(vector flow mapping,VFM)初步研究人体左心室内流场结构,寻求人体左心室内漩涡形成规律及漩涡描述参数.方法 选取60名健康志愿者为观察对象,应用VFM技术得到心腔内血流速度向量和流线图,采用DSA-RS1软件测量漩涡直径、漩涡位置、漩涡最大向量速度及漩涡圈数.结果 应用VFM技术可清晰显示心腔内血流速度的矢量图,观察结果显示舒张早期和晚期通过二尖瓣口的血流在左室内形成两个相对靠近二尖瓣环的小漩涡,且前者比后者的漩涡向量速度高,漩涡圈数多(P＜0.05);而舒张中期和等容收缩期左室内的回旋血流形成一个较大的涡环,且前者比后者的漩涡向量速度高.漩涡圈数多(P＜0.05).结论 VFM图像能显示心室内血液流场的变化,研究得出的涡描述参数能够反映这一变化,并能初步定量研究心腔内复杂流场结构.     

应用血流向量成像观察扩张型心肌病左心室内涡流特征

目的 应用血流向量成像技术观察左室内涡流的形成及演变情况,评价扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能.方法 选取DCM患者26例、正常对照44例为观察对象,采集左室内血流向量图像,观察心动周期中不同时相涡流的位置、大小、圈数分布及其演变规律.结果 ①正常对照组缓慢射血期和等容舒张期左室内未见涡流形成,舒张期涡流多位于二尖瓣前叶附近,左室中上部1/3,形态多变(变化2～3次);涡流横径、纵径和圈数在心动周期的7个时相之间有差异.②DCM组心动周期7个时相均有涡流出现,舒张期出现涡流更靠近左室中下2/3,向心尖部靠近,相对正常人而言,DCM组在同一时相出现的涡流形态、部位变化更多(4～5次);心动周期的各个时相中DCM组左室内涡流的横径、纵径和圈数均大于正常对照组.DCM组涡流大小和圈数在心动周期的7个时相之间也有差异.结论 血流向量成像技术可以显示在体的左室内涡流变化情况,DCM患者左室内涡流大小及圈数均大于正常人.     

血流向量成像评价室壁瘤患者左心室收缩期血流动力学特点

目的 探讨血流向量成像(vector flow mapping,VFM)技术检测心肌梗死并发室壁瘤患者室壁节段性运动异常的心腔内血流流场的变化规律。方法 心肌梗死并发室壁瘤患者31例和健康志愿者35例,应用VFM技术分析其等容收缩期、快速射血期及缓慢射血期的涡流及流线特征、收缩早期左室流出道速度阶差(△V)和室壁瘤瘤颈部平均血流量的变化。结果 室壁瘤组与对照组的不同主要体现在室壁瘤体内收缩期持续存在涡流;室壁瘤组瘤体内涡流横径与纵径乘积与二维超声测量室壁瘤横径与纵径乘积显著相关(P＜0.01);室壁瘤组收缩期涡流持续时间占整个收缩期百分比（并用心率标化）显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);室壁瘤患者收缩早期左室流出道速度阶差(△V)明显降低(P＜0.05);经过室壁瘤瘤颈的平均血流量明显减少(P＜0.01)。结论VFM技术能够直观显示室壁瘤患者左室心腔内血流动力学变化,定量测量局部血流速度及血流量。     

血流向量成像技术评价室壁瘤患者左心室整体舒张功能

目的 应用血流向量成像(VFM)技术直观检测正常人和心肌梗死并发室壁瘤患者舒张期左心室血流流场的动态变化,定量评价室壁瘤患者左心室整体舒张功能.方法 收集心肌梗死并发心尖室壁瘤患者29例(室壁瘤组)及健康志愿者33例(对照组),应用VFM技术分析等容舒张期、快速充盈期、减慢充盈期、心房收缩期的涡流及流线特征、涡流横径及纵径的比较、舒张早期左心室流入道压力阶差(ΔP),应用组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(E′)、舒张晚期峰值速度(A′)及比值(E′/A′).结果 与对照组不同的是整个舒张期室壁瘤组在左心室心尖室壁瘤内均没有检测到涡流及流线信号;心房收缩期和快速充盈期室壁瘤组二尖瓣下涡流横径和纵径显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而在等容舒张期、减慢充盈期两组无显著差异(P>0.05);室壁瘤组舒张早期左心室流入道压力阶差(ΔP)明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),并与组织多普勒测量的E′/A′呈显著正相关.结论 VFM技术能够直观检测舒张期左心室内血流流场变化,显示室壁瘤组心腔内血流充盈紊乱,同时可定量局部向量速度,从全新的角度证实室壁瘤患者左心室整体舒张功能减低.     

血流向量成像技术分析肥厚型心肌病患者左室血流动力学变化的临床研究

目的 应用血流向量成像（VFM）技术评价肥厚型心肌病患者左室血流动力学变化及室壁整体舒缩功能.方法 选取肥厚型心肌病患者（病变组）26例和对照组31例,应用VFM技术分析其快速射血期、减慢射血期及等容舒张期的涡流及流线特征,测量涡流横、纵径及快速射血期二尖瓣水平左室流出道与乳头肌水平左室心腔的速度阶差（ΔV）.结果 ①与对照组比较,病变组快速射血期、减慢射血期及等容舒张期显示涡流更大、更散乱、持续时间更长,两组间比较病变组涡流横径、纵径值明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义.②对照组流线起止规律,流线齐整;病变组流线杂乱起止可在左室不同部位.③病变组收缩期左室流出道速度阶差显著高于对照组.结论 VFM技术可直观反映肥厚型心肌病患者左室血流动力学变化,从而为评估心功能提供早期参考.     

涡流向量成像技术对右心室不同部位起搏患者左心室功能的评价

目的应用超声血流成像(VFM)技术评价右心室不同部位起搏患者左心室血流动力学的变化特征。方法选择2010年3月至2013年1月132例植入DDD起搏器者为研究对象,按照其起搏部位不同分为四组:右心室心尖部起搏组(RVAP组)32例、右心室高位间隔面组(RVSP1组)20例、右心室中位间隔面组(RVSP2组)44例、右心室低位间隔面组(RVSP3组)36例。4组患者分别于术前、术后18个月测量N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)、涡流相对于二尖瓣口的横向、纵向位置及圈数、涡流半值面积(S)、涡流直径(D)、最大涡流量、涡流强度以及术后18个月心电图QRS时限等指标。结果 4组中,RVSP2组QRS时限最窄。与术前比较,四组患者18个月后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)均无显著变化(P>0.05);RVSP2组患者术后N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)无显著变化(P>0.05),而RVSP1组、RVSP3组以及RVAP组患者NT-pro BNP显著增加(P<0.05)。与术前比较,RVSP2组术后18个月组涡流圈数、最大涡流量、半径区域、涡流直径、涡流强度数值均无变化(P>0.05),而RVSP1组及RVSP2组涡流圈数及涡流直径增大(P<0.05),RVAP组涡流圈数、涡流直径、涡流强度数值增加(P<0.05);术后18个月涡流圈数增加的3组中,以RVAP组增加最多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右心室中位间隔部起搏,患者QRS时限最窄,左心室血流动力学变化不明显,为适宜起搏部位选择,VFM为评价起搏器患者术后血流变化及心功能变化提供新的检测方法。     

超声血流向量成像技术评价扩张型心肌病左心室血流状态的变化

目的 应用超声血流向量成像(VFM)技术探讨心腔内血流的结构变化及其与左室功能之间的关系.方法 选取扩张型心肌病患者26例、正常对照44例为观察对象,利用VFM软件采集左室内血流向量图像,应用VFM分析软件DSA-RS1测量收缩期心尖部-主动脉瓣口速度阶差(△Vs)、心尖部-主动脉瓣口距离(Ds)、半距对应速度(Vs1/2);舒张期二尖瓣口-心尖部速度阶差(△Vd)、二尖瓣口-心尖部距离(Dd)、半距对应速度(Vd1/2).结果 与对照组相比,DCM组收缩期△Vs、Vs1/2与舒张期△Vd、Vd1/2明显降低,收缩期Ds与舒张期Dd明显延长,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Ds、Dd与舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、左室内径呈正相关(r＞0.4,P＜0.01),与收缩功能呈负相关(r＞0.3,P＜0.01);Vs1/2、Vd1/2与舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、左室内径呈负相关(r＞0.3,P＜0.01),与收缩功能呈正相关(r＞0.3,P＜0.01).结论 扩张型心肌病患者心腔内血流速度明显低于正常人,VFM是一种无创评价扩张型心肌病左室内血流动力学变化的新方法.     

超声向量血流图对原发性高血压患者左心室涡流的初步研究

目的:应用向量血流图(vector flow mapping)探讨高血压患者左心室涡流变化规律及特征。方法:39名健康志愿者和41例高血压患者(分为A组:左室构型正常组;B组:向心性重构组;C组:向心性肥厚组)分别接受常规超声心动图检查,采集心尖三腔心切面图像后脱机分析,观察左室内涡流衍变过程,比较各涡流描述参数。结果:高血压患者左室内涡流等容舒张期和舒张早、中期由小变大,数量由少变多,环数由松散变密集;舒张晚期、等容收缩期及射血期涡流再变小,环数仍较密集;持续整个心动周期。与对照组比较,B、C组在等容收缩期涡流峰值流量和涡流强度增大,A组差异无统计学意义(P=0.26);C组半流量面积、半流量涡流直径增大,A、B组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:向量血流图技术能客观反映高血压患者心室内血液流场的变化,为高血压患者心室内血流结构及心功能研究提供了一种新方法。     

应用血流向量成像技术观察心肌梗死患者左心室舒张期血流状态

目的应用血流向量成像技术(VFM)观察心肌梗死患者左心室舒张期血流状态的变化规律。方法选取36名健康志愿者(健康对照组)和39例左心室前壁心肌梗死患者(心肌梗死组)作为观察对象,获得其左心室血流向量成像图像,分析其舒张期不同时相涡流特征并比较两组的定量参数。结果健康对照组在等容舒张期未见明显涡流图像,舒张早期和晚期在二尖瓣前后叶下方可见2个较小且对称的涡流,舒张中期显示充盈左心室腔较大的整体涡流。心肌梗死组在舒张期各时相的涡流变化规律与健康对照组相似,但舒张早期、晚期的二尖瓣下涡流横径、纵径均大于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义[(33.42±6.77)mmvs(24.53±4.73)mm,(41.50±5.87)mmvs(25.55±4.72)mm,t=12.916、23.248,P均<0.05)];舒张早期、中期、晚期涡流横向距离和纵向距离均大于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义[(20.60±4.60)mmvs(13.23±4.25)mm,(28.65±3.75)mmvs(15.20±4.38)mm,(17.70±3.79)mmvs(12.59±4.20),(40.93±7.33)mmvs(26.13±4.83)mm,(51.69±11.41)mmvs(22.84±4.52)mm,(36.00±8.25)mmvs(21.50±3.59)mm,t=9.618、18.528、13.336、17.266、36.805、27.528,P均<0.05)]。心肌梗死组舒张期各时相涡强度均大于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义[(24.71±5.24)/svs(15.18±4.39)/s,(19.33±3.67)/svs(11.23±3.53)/s,(33.42±5.38)/svs(21.17±6.32)/s,t=8.542、10.358、9.751,P均<0.05)],而最大向量速度与健康对照组差异无统计学意义。结论 VFM可显示心肌梗死患者左心室舒张期血流状态的变化,并可对涡流的特点作定量分析。