活动性强直性骶髂关节炎的彩色多普勒超声表现

Objective To evaluate the color Doppler ultrasonographic findings of active ankylosing sacroiliitis.Methods Thirty three patients (66 sacroiliac joints in total) with active ankylosing sacroiliitis identified by MRI and twenty eight healthy volunteers (56 sacroiliac joints) underwent color Doppler ultrasound examinations of sacroiliac joints.Degree of blood flow within and around the sacroiliac joints was evaluated by semi-quantitative scale (0 - 4 grade).For arteries, resistive index was also measured.Statistical analyses were performed to compare blood flow demonstration rate, blood flow signal scale distribution,degree of blow flow and RI value between the two groups.Results Higher blood flow demonstration rate was found in patients with active ankylosing sacroiliitis(60/66,90.1%) than control group (25/56,44.6%)( P = 0.000).The scale distribution and degree of blow flow between these two groups were statistically different (all P = 0.000) ,with mainly 2～3 grade for the patients and 0～1 grade for the control.Mean value of RI in the patients was 0.57 ± 0.07, which was lower than the control (0.66 ± 0.04, P = 0.000).Conclusions Patients with active ankylosing sacroiliitis tend to have higher degree of blood flow in sacroiliac joints and lower RI values of artery.Color Doppler ultrasound may help to evaluate the activity of ankylosing sacroiliitis.     

活动性强直性骶髂关节炎的彩色多普勒超声表现

Objective To evaluate the color Doppler ultrasonographic findings of active ankylosing sacroiliitis.Methods Thirty three patients (66 sacroiliac joints in total) with active ankylosing sacroiliitis identified by MRI and twenty eight healthy volunteers (56 sacroiliac joints) underwent color Doppler ultrasound examinations of sacroiliac joints.Degree of blood flow within and around the sacroiliac joints was evaluated by semi-quantitative scale (0 - 4 grade).For arteries, resistive index was also measured.Statistical analyses were performed to compare blood flow demonstration rate, blood flow signal scale distribution,degree of blow flow and RI value between the two groups.Results Higher blood flow demonstration rate was found in patients with active ankylosing sacroiliitis(60/66,90.1%) than control group (25/56,44.6%)( P = 0.000).The scale distribution and degree of blow flow between these two groups were statistically different (all P = 0.000) ,with mainly 2～3 grade for the patients and 0～1 grade for the control.Mean value of RI in the patients was 0.57 ± 0.07, which was lower than the control (0.66 ± 0.04, P = 0.000).Conclusions Patients with active ankylosing sacroiliitis tend to have higher degree of blood flow in sacroiliac joints and lower RI values of artery.Color Doppler ultrasound may help to evaluate the activity of ankylosing sacroiliitis.     

深圳市健康体检人群高尿酸血症调查分析

Objective To investigate the hyperuricemia situation among pysical examination people in Shenzhen so as to provide University Shenzhen Hospital were collected July December 2009,among them,18 832 were males and14 817females,and the hyperuricemia detection rates between persons of different and ages were compared. Results The average value of blood uric acid (BOA)of physical examination people was (336.57±%07)μmol/L,in which(380.17 ±87.04)μmol/L was for male and(2.81.45 ±76.88)μmol/L for female,the value for male was obviously higher than for female(P＜0.001).The general hyperuricemia detection rate was 24.06%,in which 31.28% was for male and 14.88%forfemale.Such difference also had statistical significance (P＜0.001).Conclusions Both the BUA level and hyperuricemia detection rate among physical examination people in Shenzhen are higher than those in other regions in China,and the incidence rate is tending to rise obviously.As for medical staff,much more should be paid to this phenomenon,and health edueation should be carried out in time for physical examination people.     

深圳市健康体检人群高尿酸血症调查分析

Objective To investigate the hyperuricemia situation among pysical examination people in Shenzhen so as to provide University Shenzhen Hospital were collected July December 2009,among them,18 832 were males and14 817females,and the hyperuricemia detection rates between persons of different and ages were compared. Results The average value of blood uric acid (BOA)of physical examination people was (336.57±%07)μmol/L,in which(380.17 ±87.04)μmol/L was for male and(2.81.45 ±76.88)μmol/L for female,the value for male was obviously higher than for female(P＜0.001).The general hyperuricemia detection rate was 24.06%,in which 31.28% was for male and 14.88%forfemale.Such difference also had statistical significance (P＜0.001).Conclusions Both the BUA level and hyperuricemia detection rate among physical examination people in Shenzhen are higher than those in other regions in China,and the incidence rate is tending to rise obviously.As for medical staff,much more should be paid to this phenomenon,and health edueation should be carried out in time for physical examination people.     

近几年剖宫产率升高的原因及剖宫产指征变化分析

Objective To analyse and understand the main reasons for cesarean section,in order to reduce the rate of cesarean section. Methods Clinical analysis was performed in 6781 patients who underwent cesarean section from January 2004 to December 2008. Results ①Cesarean section rate was increasing from 2004 to 2008, which was 32. 00% (840/2625) , 35. 00% (966/2760) , 39. 08% (1186/3035), 45. 98% (1669/3630) and 51. 88% (2120/4086) .respectively. Compared to 2004, the cesarean section rate in 2008 increased significantly (P <0.01). ②The proportion of the main cesarean section indications changed, the proportion of social factors ,fetal factors and maternal factors were increasing gradually. Cephatopelvic disproportion in 2008 decreased significantly compared to that in 2004(x2 = 194. 805 ,P <0. 01). There was significent difference in each indication from 2004 to 2008. Conclusions The cesarean section rate has increased due to medical reasons and social reasons. To ensure the safety of the mothers and children, vaginal delivery should be adopted as far as possible. The cesarean section without medical indication should be prohibited.     

近几年剖宫产率升高的原因及剖宫产指征变化分析

Objective To analyse and understand the main reasons for cesarean section,in order to reduce the rate of cesarean section. Methods Clinical analysis was performed in 6781 patients who underwent cesarean section from January 2004 to December 2008. Results ①Cesarean section rate was increasing from 2004 to 2008, which was 32. 00% (840/2625) , 35. 00% (966/2760) , 39. 08% (1186/3035), 45. 98% (1669/3630) and 51. 88% (2120/4086) .respectively. Compared to 2004, the cesarean section rate in 2008 increased significantly (P <0.01). ②The proportion of the main cesarean section indications changed, the proportion of social factors ,fetal factors and maternal factors were increasing gradually. Cephatopelvic disproportion in 2008 decreased significantly compared to that in 2004(x2 = 194. 805 ,P <0. 01). There was significent difference in each indication from 2004 to 2008. Conclusions The cesarean section rate has increased due to medical reasons and social reasons. To ensure the safety of the mothers and children, vaginal delivery should be adopted as far as possible. The cesarean section without medical indication should be prohibited.     

经皮关节腔内臭氧注射治疗动物骨关节炎的组织与超微结构观察研究

Objective To investigate the pathologic effect of intra-articular injection of ozone on the ar-ticular cartilage, and to explore the feasibility of direct intra-articular injection of ozone in the treatment of arthri-tis. Methods Animals with induced-arthritis were given three different concentrations of medical ozone (high and low concentrations)by intra-articular injection, to observe pathological changes of cartilage. Results The score result of cartilage degradation was based on Mankin's grading scale,and the higher the score,the severer the symptom was. The score of normal articular cartilage was 0.0±0.0, and the score of model group was sig-nificantly higher than that of the normal group(P<0.01), while obviously lower than that of the treatment group (P<0.01). Moreover,the score of high-dose treatment group was significantly higher than that of low-dose group(P<0.01). Conclusion Long-term intra-articular injection of ozone had a bad effect on articular carti-lage, and damage-level was increased with the enhancement of ozone concentrations.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

经皮关节腔内臭氧注射治疗动物骨关节炎的组织与超微结构观察研究

Objective To investigate the pathologic effect of intra-articular injection of ozone on the ar-ticular cartilage, and to explore the feasibility of direct intra-articular injection of ozone in the treatment of arthri-tis. Methods Animals with induced-arthritis were given three different concentrations of medical ozone (high and low concentrations)by intra-articular injection, to observe pathological changes of cartilage. Results The score result of cartilage degradation was based on Mankin's grading scale,and the higher the score,the severer the symptom was. The score of normal articular cartilage was 0.0±0.0, and the score of model group was sig-nificantly higher than that of the normal group(P<0.01), while obviously lower than that of the treatment group (P<0.01). Moreover,the score of high-dose treatment group was significantly higher than that of low-dose group(P<0.01). Conclusion Long-term intra-articular injection of ozone had a bad effect on articular carti-lage, and damage-level was increased with the enhancement of ozone concentrations.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

超声对类风湿性肩关节炎的早期诊断价值

目的探讨超声在类风湿性关节炎(RA)肩关节病变中的早期诊断价值。方法应用高频超声(HFUS)对40例RA患者(RA组)的60侧病变肩关节进行扫查,观察肩关节腔腋囊侧及后隐窝侧、肩峰下滑囊、肱二头肌长头肌腱鞘4个区域内滑膜厚度、积液深度;观察肱骨头(大结节、前内侧及后外侧)骨表面侵蚀及肩袖损伤;利用能量多普勒超声(PDUS)观察病变区域滑膜血流情况,并与20名健康志愿者(对照组)40侧肩关节扫查结果进行对比。结果超声检出RA组5种病变类型:关节积液、滑膜增生、血管过度形成、肩袖撕裂以及骨质侵蚀,检出率分别为42.50%(102/240)、39.58%(95/240)、20.83%(50/240)、31.67%(19/60)和36.11%(65/180);对照组肩关节腔内未见积液,滑膜未见增生,未见血流信号。与对照组比较,RA组滑膜明显增厚(P<0.01)。结论 HFUS和PDUS可检出类风湿性肩关节炎引起的多种病变,有助于早期诊断。     

超微血流成像及能量多普勒超声在类风湿关节炎临床缓解期中的应用研究

目的比较超微血流成像(SMI)和能量多普勒超声(PDUS)在类风湿关节炎(RA)临床缓解期监测关节滑膜血流中的临床应用价值。方法选取40例RA临床缓解期患者和20例健康志愿者,对其双侧腕关节、掌指关节及近端指指关节行超声检查,观察PDUS和SMI检测RA患者缓解情况,记录PDUS和SMI对关节滑膜内血流的显示和分级情况,比较两种检测方法对滑膜血流分级的一致性及显示率。结果 40例RA临床缓解期患者中,PDUS显示16例存在活动性滑膜炎,缓解率60.0%(24/40);SMI显示25例存在活动性滑膜炎,缓解率37.5%(15/40);两种检测方法比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.053,P=0.044)。SMI和PDUS对20例健康志愿者关节滑膜血流的显示率均为0,对40例RA临床缓解期患者关节滑膜血流的显示率分别为12.72%和8.64%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.718,P=0.005)。Kappa检验显示PDUS与SMI对关节滑膜血流分级一致性较好(Kappa=0.741,P<0.01)。结论在RA临床缓解期,SMI和PDUS可通过检测手腕关节滑膜血流提示病情、指导治疗,均有较好的临床应用价值;SMI较PDUS能更敏感地发现手腕关节滑膜中的血流信号。     

类风湿性关节炎手部小关节病变的声像图表现

目的探讨高频超声在类风湿性关节炎(RA)手部小关节病变检查中的应用价值。方法应用高频超声对23例类风湿性关节炎患者(RA组)的230个掌指关节及184个近端指间关节行双侧对比扫查,检测滑膜厚度、血流供应,观察关节腔、骨面及关节周围软组织情况,并与20例健康志愿者(对照组)双侧相应关节扫查结果对比。结果超声图像可清晰显示RA组指关节积液303个(303/414,73.19%);关节滑膜增生264个(264/414,63.77%);彩色多普勒血流成像及能量多普勒超声均可显示RA组患者病变指关节滑膜血管过度增生,显示率分别为31个(31/303,10.23%),76个(76/303,25.08%);且能量多普勒超声的显示率明显高于彩色多普勒血流成像(P0.01)。结论高频超声可清晰显示手部关节腔积液、关节滑膜增生及关节内血管增生,为临床诊治RA提供重要依据。     

超声在早期类风湿性关节炎的临床研究

目的 探讨手部小关节的彩色多普勒超声成像在早期类风湿性关节炎诊断中的临床价值.方法 对38例患者(共836个关节)及20例健康志愿者(共440个关节)采用高频探头进行双手腕关节、掌指关节及近端指间关节超声检查.并随机选取5例患者行核磁对照.结果 38例患者中34例273个关节滑膜增厚;30例112个关节关节腔积液;12例25个关节探及滑膜血管翳;5例5个关节伴有关节周围渗出;3例11个关节可见骨破坏.滑膜增厚发生最多,双手共22个关节中,有19个关节滑膜厚度与健康组比较差异有统计学意义.结论 彩色多普勒超声诊断早期类风湿性关节炎手部小关节滑膜病变为临床提供诊断依据.     

高频超声在类风湿性膝关节炎诊断中的应用

目的：探讨高频超声检查在类风湿性关节炎膝关节病变诊断中的价值。方法：应用高频发声及彩色多普勒技术研究了３２例类风湿性关节炎患者６４个膝关节二维志趣超声图像及彩色多普勒血流改变并与Ｘ线检查进行比较。结果：（１）关节囊积液６２个（９６．８７％）,间距２．９￣２５．６ｍｍ;（２）６１个关节囊滑膜增厚（９５．３１％）;厚度２．２￣１６．９ｍｍ,腔面毛糙不平,部分可见绒毛状突起;（３）滑膜血管增生,４７个关     

超声对于类风湿性关节炎膝关节病变的观察

目的通过超声观察髌上囊、股骨内外髁软骨情况，评价超声对于类风湿性关节炎（RA）辅助诊断、观察疗效的价值。方法通过超声对RA病例组与对照组、RA病例组治疗前后髌上囊液体、滑膜、股骨内外髁软骨进行对比观察。结果RA组治疗前较对照组髌上囊液体及滑膜增厚，股骨内外髁软骨变薄，治疗后髌上囊液体及滑膜变薄，血供减少，RI增高。结论超声通过观察关节积液、滑膜及软骨的病变，为临床辅助诊断RA及评价治疗效果提供依据。     

高频超声及能量多普勒超声在类风湿关节炎中的应用

近几年,高频超声(HFUS)及能量多普勒超声(PDUS)技术在类风湿关节炎(RA)的诊疗中发挥重要作用,本文就HFUS及PDUS的成像特点、疗效评价,不同关节间HFUS检查的相关性,PDUS与RA滑膜病理学相关性及PDUS在RA达标治疗中的价值等方面的研究做一综述。     

超微血流成像及能量多普勒超声在类风湿关节炎临床缓解期的应用价值

摘要：目的：探讨超微血流成像（SMI）及能量多普勒超声（PDUS）在类风湿关节炎（RA）临床缓解期的应用价值。方法：对40例RA临床缓解期患者和20例健康志愿者的双侧腕关节、掌指关节及近端指指关节进行超声检查,记录PDUS及SMI对增厚滑膜内血流分级结果,观察两种血流模式对滑膜血流的显示率和滑膜血流分级的差异。 结果:在40例RA临床缓解期患者中,PDUS和SMI显示的缓解率分别为60%和27.5%,两者的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在20例健康志愿者中SMI和PDUS对滑膜血流的显示率为0,但在40例RA临床缓解期患者中,PDUS及SMI对滑膜血流的显示率分别为8.64%、12.8%,两种血流模式的血流信号显示率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;PDUS与SMI对滑膜血流分级结果一致性较好（kappa=0.741）; SMI阳性患者继续强化治疗后,滑膜血流显示率明显下降。结论：在类风湿关节炎临床缓解期,SMI和PDUS都有一定的临床应用价值。但SMI比PDUS能够更敏感的发现手腕关节滑膜中的血流信号。     

B-flow及超声造影在类风湿关节炎手腕小关节滑膜血流显像中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒、B-flow及超声造影在类风湿性关节炎手腕小关节滑膜血流显像的价值。方法采用GE Logiq S8 18 M马球棍形线阵探头检查240例类风湿性关节炎患者腕关节、掌指关节及近端指间关节,应用彩色多普勒检查滑膜血流信号并按Szkudlarek半定量法分为0~3级。对250个滑膜血流信号1级及以上的关节,应用频谱多普勒测量滑膜血管翳阻力指数（RI）并与半定量法作相关性分析。应用B-flow检查滑膜血流信号并与彩色多普勒比较两种技术对滑膜血流显示率的差异。对90个彩色多普勒显示滑膜无血流的类风湿性关节炎关节行超声造影,并与B-flow比较两种技术对滑膜血流检出率的差异。结果240例类风湿性关节炎滑膜均为不均匀低回声。其中200例类风湿性关节炎关节滑膜可探及血流信号（1级82例、2级72例、3级46例）。随着血流分级的增加,RI逐渐减低,血流分级与RI呈负相关。彩色多普勒与B-flow对类风湿性关节炎关节滑膜血流信号的显示率分别为154/250及206/250,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。90个彩色多普勒显示滑膜无血流的类风湿性关节炎关节,B-flow与超声造影的血流显示率为56/90与74/90,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论B-flow与超声造影较彩色多普勒对类风湿性关节炎关节滑膜血流显示率高,尤以超声造影明显,滑膜血管翳RI可有效评估类风湿性关节炎活动性,对类风湿性关节炎早期诊断及治疗用药,甚至治疗终点的决定有重要指导意义。     

超声在鉴别类风湿性和痛风性跖趾关节炎骨质侵蚀中的应用

目的探讨超声在类风湿性关节炎与痛风性关节炎骨质侵蚀的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析本院43例类风湿性关节炎患者和52例痛风性关节炎患者的足部跖趾关节骨质侵蚀声像图特征,观察骨质侵蚀发生的部位、形态、边界、内部血流分布等直接征象及滑膜或关节腔积液内点状高回声、痛风石、双轨征等特异性间接征象。结果骨侵蚀在类风湿性关节炎中第五跖趾关节均受累(n=43例,100%),边界模糊(n=40例,93.0%),外形以圆形为主(n=39例,90.7%),滑膜增生(n=38例,88.4%);而在痛风性关节炎中第一跖趾关节均受累(n=52例,100%),边界清晰(n=39例,75%),外形呈椭圆形或圆形(61.5%vs 38.5%),滑膜增生(n=10例,19.2%),两组之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.001);且在痛风组中出现了特异性间接征象(P0.001),滑膜或关节腔积液内点状高回声(n=23例,44.2%),痛风石(n=33例,63.5%),双轨征(n=21例,40.4%),而在类风湿性关节炎中均无上述间接征象出现。结论超声可以依据骨侵蚀的特征鉴别类风湿性与痛风性跖趾关节炎。