改良喉罩在无痛纤支镜检查中的应用

目的观察改良喉罩-芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉在无痛纤支镜检查中的应用效果。方法选择ASA I～Ⅱ级拟行纤支镜检查的患者120例。随机分为喉罩组(L组,n=60)和表面麻醉组(T组,n=60)。观察两组患者检查前(T0)、插镜过声门(T1)、活检(T2)、检查毕(T3)、4个时点SPO2、MAP和HR的变化,记录L组检查后清醒时间(呼之睁眼、可回答问题),离室时间。记录纤支镜检查时间和不良反应,调查医患满意度。结果 L组SPO2、MAP、HR保持平稳,无呛咳、憋气、体动;T组检查时有呛咳、憋气、体动等,HR增快,MAP明显升高,SPO2下降。组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良喉罩-芬太尼复合异丙酚在无痛纤支镜检查中的应用,提高了无痛纤支镜检查的舒适性、安全性,提高阳检率,获得较高医患满意度。     

丙泊酚复合顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵喉罩通气全身麻醉在纤维支气管镜检查中的临床应用

目的：观察静脉靶控输注丙泊酚复合肌松剂顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵喉罩通气全身麻醉方法在纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查麻醉中应用的有效性、安全性和实用性。方法对照组先以2％利多卡因气雾喷射咽喉部,纤支镜进入声门后再在气管内注入2％利多卡因行呼吸道粘膜表面麻醉,同时进行纤支镜检查和治疗;实验组以丙泊酚静脉靶控输注（靶浓度3．0～5．0 mg／L）行麻醉诱导及维持,麻醉诱导患者意识消失后静脉滴注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0．15 mg／kg,深度麻醉后放置纤支镜检查用喉罩及T型三通连接管,接麻醉机控制呼吸,麻醉完成后纤支镜从连接管的软胶帽入口经喉罩管进入声门及气管内进行检查和治疗,术中每20 min追加顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0．03 mg／kg,手术结束时停注丙泊酚,并应用肌松拮抗剂,患者清醒后拔除喉罩。记录两组患者的血氧饱和度（ SaO2）、平均动脉压（ MAP）、心率（ HR）,进行麻醉效果评定,术后调查患者舒适度、患者及纤支镜操作者的满意度。结果对照组患者检查中生命征出现显著变化,实验组患者生命征无明显变化;实验组麻醉效果优良率100％,明显高于对照组;患者舒适度实验组优于对照组;患者及操作者满意度实验组高于对照组高;实验组所有患者均顺利完成了麻醉复苏。结论丙泊酚复合肌松剂顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵喉罩通气全身麻醉应用于纤支镜检查安全、有效、实用,是一种较好的纤支镜检查全身麻醉方法。     

喉罩-瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在无痛苦纤支镜检中的应用

目的观察喉罩-瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在无痛苦纤支镜检的应用效果。方法ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级拟行纤支镜检查的患者40例,随机分为喉罩组（L组,n=21）和表面麻醉组（T组,n=19）。麻醉诱导L组静脉依次给予异丙酚1-2mg/kg,瑞芬太尼1-3μg/kg后在喉镜辅助下置入喉罩,视情况间断推注异丙酚50mg维持麻醉;T组按常规表面麻醉后即行纤支镜检查。分别记录麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后纤支镜进入前（T1）、进镜至咽部（T2）、声门部（T3）、气管内（T4）及第15分钟（T5）时的血压（BP）、心率（HR）和动脉血氧饱和度（SpO2）,观察镜检期间有无呛咳、气道痉挛或体动;记录停药至拔管的时间,麻醉满意度（由内镜医师评价）及麻醉再接受度（由患者评价）。结果L组患者术中血流动力学稳定,T组HR、MAP在各时点均升高,与T0比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,组间比较亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;L组患者镜检期间1例轻微呛咳,T组患者大部分均有呛咳、体动,其中有1例因不能耐受而中断检查;L组患者均能在术毕5-10min苏醒,麻醉满意度及患者再接受度均显著高于T组（P〈0.01）。结论喉罩-瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚全麻用于无痛苦纤支镜检查,能保证稳定的血流动力学状态,苏醒快速,效果满意。     

无痛苦经喉罩纤维支气管镜检查在ICU的临床应用

目的:探讨无痛苦经喉罩纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查在ICU危重患者的应用价值。方法:ICU危重患者68例,随机分为Ⅰ组(普通组)和Ⅱ组(喉罩组),Ⅰ组直接经鼻腔至气管行纤支镜检查,Ⅱ组经喉罩至气管行纤支镜检查。连续监测患者检查前、麻醉插入喉罩后、检查时、撤机前、撤机拔除喉罩后的ECG、BP、HR、SPO2以及检查前后患者动脉血气分析(PaO2、PCO2、pH),同时记录检查时间。结果:两组共行68例纤支镜检查及镜下治疗,包括纤支镜引导下气管内吸痰、支气管灌洗等,Ⅰ组患者检查治疗时表情痛苦,体动反应强烈,检查治疗时间延长。Ⅱ组患者检查治疗时生命体征平稳,检查时间明显缩短,检查治疗充分,无明显并发症,患者乐于接受。结论:无痛苦经喉罩纤支镜在ICU患者的临床应用安全、有效。     

喉罩在小儿纤支镜检查中的临床价值

目的评价喉罩通气在小儿纤支镜检查中的临床价值。方法选择15例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级接受纤支镜检查的住院患儿为观察对象,以芬太尼4μg/kg＋丙泊酚2mg/kg诱导后置入喉罩接L型通气接头通气,术中保留自主呼吸,持续泵入丙泊酚4mg/kg.h维持麻醉,检查者将纤支镜从L型吸痰通气接头插入并穿越喉罩,通过纤支镜注入少量2%利多卡因后开始操作直至完成手术。监测平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）及心电图（ECG）。同时观察并记录手术时间、术中呛咳,体动情况、苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动情况以及术后恶心呕吐发生率。结果诱导后患儿MAP及HR均明显低于麻醉前水平,手术开始后MAP及HR逐渐恢复诱导前水平,术中各时间点MAP及心率（HR）变化无明显差异,术中患儿SpO2均保持90%以上,术中无呛咳,体动;苏醒快且彻底;只发生一例苏醒期躁动且恶心呕吐发生率低。结论喉罩可以提供确实可靠的通气,辅以小剂量芬太尼＋异丙酚对血流动力学影响小,在小儿纤支镜检中可产生良好的镇静效果,减少因手术操作引起的应激反应,减少苏醒期躁动及恶心呕吐发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

地佐辛联合改良喉罩在无痛纤支镜检查中的应用

目的评价地佐辛联合改良喉罩在无痛纤支镜检查过程中的效果及安全性。方法将进行纤支镜检查的80例患者,随机分为地佐辛组(A组)和芬太尼组(B组)。A组患者诱导:地佐辛0.1~0.15 mg/kg,丙泊酚1~2 mg/kg;B组患者诱导:芬太尼2.5~3μg/kg,丙泊酚1~2 mg/kg。待患者完全麻醉,意识、睫毛反射均消失后分别插入改良喉罩。A、B两组患者均在完全麻醉状态下进行纤支镜检查,分别记录各组别在不同时段的生命体征及有关不良反应。结果在检查期间,A组比B组的生命体征更加平稳,且不良反应出现情况更少。结论地佐辛联合改良喉罩在纤维支气管镜检查中具有稳定、安全、不良反应少等优势,值得临床推广应用。     

喉罩在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的应用

①目的 探讨应用喉罩通气道通气技术施行无痛纤维支气管镜检查和治疗的可行性和安全性.②方法 选择20例自愿接受无痛纤支镜检查的住院患者.静脉给予芬太尼1μg/kg,丙泊酚1mg/kg,司可林1mg/kg静注.在喉镜辅助下插入喉罩,连接简易呼吸囊手控呼吸给氧,纤支镜从接头的风帽口插入进行操作.术中监测心电、血压、氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳并记录.③结果 17例患者一次性置入喉罩并准确定位,3例定位不准,其中2例经调整后完成检查,1例无法找见声门,经鼻在静脉麻醉下完成检查;19例喉罩置入的患者检查中氧饱和度均维持在98%以上,呼气末二氧化碳在35～45mmHg之间,血压、心率波动在基础值的20%之内.20例患者检查结束后均在5分钟内迅速清醒,对整个检查过程无任何记忆和痛苦感觉.④结论 将改良后的喉罩应用在静脉麻醉无痛纤支镜检查中是一项安全、可行的方法.     

新型多功能喉罩在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的临床应用

目的 比较新型多功能喉罩控制通气与静脉全身麻醉(全麻)保留自主呼吸在无痛纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查中的可行性与安全性。方法 选取2021年4—12月进行无痛纤支镜检查的患者80例,按随机数字表法分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。检查时2组均行静脉全麻,观察组采用新型多功能喉罩控制通气,对照组保留自主呼吸,比较2组患者入室后(T0)、纤支镜通过声门即刻(T1)、纤支镜撤出声门即刻(T2)的平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO₂)及心率(HR)的变化。记录术中及术后出现躁动、呛咳、憋气、检查中断等不良反应发生情况,并调查患者及镜检医师的满意度。结果 在纤支镜检查过程中,观察组患者MAP、SpO₂及HR优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为2.50%,明显低于对照组的47.50%(P<0.05);观察组患者及镜检医师的满意率高于对照组(95.00%比50.00%,92.50%比52.50%,均P<0.05)。结论 在无痛纤支镜检查中,使用新型多功能喉罩患者呼吸循环更稳定,不良反应少,临床效果满意,安全性也...     

气道峰压法判断喉罩通气效果的初步探讨

目的:初步探讨全身麻醉过程中利用面罩机械通气和喉罩机械通气时气道峰压的差值判断喉罩通气效果的正确率和可行性。方法:180例择期全身麻醉下接受妇科手术患者,全身麻醉诱导后,在机械通气容量控制模式(VCV)下行常规面罩通气给氧去氮。待肌松药起效后置入Supreme喉罩(SLMA),按照随机顺序先后使用以下两种方法判断通气效果。压力差法(P法):在相同的通气参数下行机械通气,记录面罩通气时的气道峰压P1和机械通气时的气道峰压P2,得出P2-P1的差值判断喉罩通气效果。纤支镜法(F法):应用纤支镜检查SLMA对位情况判断喉罩通气效果。另外,分别记录两种方法的总耗时,术后喉罩相关并发症的发生情况。结果:相比纤支镜法,压力差法判断喉罩通气效果的正确率无统计学意义,而所需时间明显减少。结论:气道峰压差值法可有效判断喉罩通气效果,且更加简单、快速。     

纤维支气管镜检查术患者右美托咪定-瑞芬太尼麻醉的效果

目的评价纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查术患者右美托咪定-瑞芬太尼麻醉的效果。方法选择2013年1²月在绵阳市中心医院拟行纤支镜检查术患者40例,采用随机数字表法分为两组。右美托咪定组10 min内静脉泵注右美托咪定1μg/kg后以0.42月在绵阳市中心医院拟行纤支镜检查术患者40例,采用随机数字表法分为两组。右美托咪定组10 min内静脉泵注右美托咪定1μg/kg后以0.4⁰.6μg/(kg·h)泵注维持麻醉,同时静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.1μg/(kg·h);异丙酚组缓慢静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg后以40.6μg/(kg·h)泵注维持麻醉,同时静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.1μg/(kg·h);异丙酚组缓慢静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg后以4⁶ mg/(kg·h)泵注维持麻醉,同时静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.1μg/(kg·h)。观察两组患者麻醉前(T0)、诱导后即刻(T1)、纤支镜进入声门即刻(T2)、纤支镜抵达隆突即刻(T3)、纤支镜检查完成即刻(T4)的血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度及呼吸频率,并记录两组手术时间、镇静评分(OAA/S)、苏醒时的呼吸道痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、麻醉医师和内镜医师对麻醉效果的满意评分,观察不良反应。结果不同时点的生命体征:T1、T2、T3、T4时点异丙酚组的血压均显著低于右美托咪定组,(P<0.05),T1、T2、T3时点异丙酚组的呼吸频率和脉搏血氧饱和度均显著低于右美托咪定组,(P<0.05),T1、T2时点异丙酚组的心率显著低于右美托咪定组(P<0.05)。OAA/S评分、麻醉医师对麻醉效果满意评分及术中体动和呛咳发生率右美托咪定组显著高于异丙酚组(P<0.05),VAS评分右美托咪定组低于异丙酚组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定-瑞芬太尼用于纤支镜检查,麻醉醉效果满意,呼吸抑制少,术后镇痛效果好,值得临床推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.