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1.
Sarah M. Kidwai Arjun K. Parasher Abib Agbetoba Alfred M. Iloreta Peter Som Satish Govindaraj Brett A. Miles 《American journal of otolaryngology》2018,39(5):507-510
Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease of widespread prevalence and high morbidity. Many suggest that the introduction of toxins and allergens via nasal airflow plays a significant role in the development of CRS. In patients who have undergone total laryngectomy, nasal airflow is disrupted, providing an opportunity to examine the role of nasal airflow in sinonasal pathology.Methods
All patients who received a total laryngectomy between 2002 and 2012 with preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively reviewed. The Lund-Mackay (LM) score for each sinus was recorded for both scans. The assessment of differences in pre-operative and post-operative LM scores was analyzed utilizing paired t-tests.Results
56 patients underwent total laryngectomy and had both preoperative and postoperative CT scans. There were no significant differences in the LM scores between pre-operative and post-operative scans within each sinus (frontal sinus, p?=?1.0; anterior ethmoid sinus, p?=?0.77; posterior ethmoid sinus, p?=?0.45; maxillary sinus, p?=?0.90; sphenoid sinus, p?=?0.63; ostiomeatal complex, p?=?0.78) or in the total LM scores (p?=?0.97). Furthermore, patients with pre-operative sinonasal mucosal thickening (total LM score?>?0) showed no significant change in their total LM score post-operatively (p?=?0.13).Conclusion
In total laryngectomy patients, studies demonstrate that a disruption in nasal airflow is correlated to altered sinonasal physiology and decreased subjective symptoms. However, our study shows that the disruption of nasal airflow results in no significant change in radiographic evidence of sinonasal mucosal thickening. 相似文献2.
Daniel A. Carlton Enrique E. Perez Eric E. Smouha 《American journal of otolaryngology》2018,39(1):41-45
Importance
Malignant external otitis (MEO) is an aggressive infection occurring in immunocompromised hosts. Increasing antimicrobial resistance is making the disease more difficult to treat.Objective
Determine if there has been a shift in the microbiology and outcomes of MEO.Design
A retrospective case series at a tertiary care institution.Setting
Inpatient and outpatient tertiary care hospital.Participants
12 cases of recent MEO were reviewed.Main Outcomes and measures
The primary outcome was progression of disease. Secondary outcomes were drug resistance and complications of MEO.Results
Only 4 patients were cured of MEO. Four patients expired during the study period and at least one of these deaths was a direct result of the MEO. 7 patients developed Cranial nerve palsies, and 3 patients developed abscesses.Conclusions
Select cases of MEO now require multi-drug and long-term parenteral antibiotic therapy with extended hospital stays. 相似文献3.
Zachary G. Schwam Rocco Ferrandino Vivian Z. Kaul Maura K. Cosetti George B. Wanna 《American journal of otolaryngology》2019,40(6):102290
PurposeTo determine the risk factors for unanticipated readmission, prolonged index admission, and discharge to a facility after vestibular schwannoma surgery.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study of those undergoing surgery for vestibular schwannoma in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2013–2014). Main outcome measures included readmission rate, length of stay, discharge destination.ResultsThere were 4585 cases identified. The overall unanticipated readmission rate was 8.1%, and 9.1% had a prolonged length of stay (PLOS) of ≥7 days. Mean and median LOS were 4.63 and 4.00 days, respectively, and >90% of patients were discharged after 7 days. Disposition to a facility occurred in 6.7% of cases. Teaching hospitals were protective against unintended readmission (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, p < .001). Major functional loss was associated with PLOS (OR 12.55, p < .001). High volume centers were associated with decreased risk of PLOS (OR 0.46, p < .001) and facility discharge (OR 0.68, p < .001). The most common readmission diagnoses included “other nervous system complications” (n = 128), cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 71), “other postoperative infection” (n = 61), and meningitis (n = 59).ConclusionsUnanticipated readmission and prolonged LOS following vestibular schwannoma surgery are common, with varied sociodemographic, hospital, and patient factors independently associated with each. Further studies are needed to investigate targeted interventions aimed at minimizing readmission and prolonged LOS using the factors outlined above. 相似文献
4.
Kirkland N. Lozada Muhammed S. Qazi Azita S. Khorsandi Raymond L. Chai 《American journal of otolaryngology》2018,39(2):242-246
Importance
Mucinous eccrine carcinoma is a rare entity that most commonly affects the head and neck. Due to its low frequency of occurrence, review of its etiology, histopathology, and treatment strategies is beneficial to all clinicians who may encounter similar appearing masses.Observation
An 84-year-old male presented with a blue mass on the left cheek. This mass started as a small bump and grew significantly over one year. His primary care physician monitored its growth and ultimately referred to an otolaryngologist. Imaging findings revealed a multi-lobular solid and cystic left buccal lesion. FNA was suggestive of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Intervention
Patient underwent surgical excision with primary closure of the defect. Frozen section was consistent with low grade salivary malignancy. Final pathology revealed primary mucinous eccrine carcinoma of the skin.Conclusions and relevance
Mucinous eccrine carcinoma is a rare entity commonly seen in the head and neck region. Mucinous deposits to the skin from primaries elsewhere in the body are much more common than primary lesions of the skin. Histology is a key component of the diagnosis but full oncologic workup is required. Treatment typically includes wide local excision with possible adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation for high risk features. 相似文献5.
Importance
Transoral robotic surgery has revolutionized the practice of head and neck surgery over the past decade, with indications now expanding to include laryngeal pathology. Although laryngeal chondrosarcoma is a rare entity, trends in otolaryngology literature suggest that it can frequently be managed with conservative approaches. We hope to inspire other head and neck surgeons to consider transoral robotic surgery for the treatment of such tumors so that outcomes data can be collected and studied.Observation
An 87-year-old male presented with a left-sided supraglottic mass that was found incidentally on imaging performed for an unrelated reason. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a cystic-appearing supraglottic mass with near complete obstruction of the glottis airway. Internal review of the imaging demonstrated a 3.5 by 2.3 by 2.8?cm centrally hypodense lesion with a rim of calcification in the left paraglottic space, with resultant narrowing of the laryngeal airway.Intervention
The patient underwent awake tracheostomy and transoral robotic subtotal resection of the mass using the Da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The vocal folds, ventricular mucosa, and arytenoid cartilage were grossly preserved. Final pathology revealed a low-grade cartilaginous neoplasm consistent with low-grade chondrosarcoma.Conclusions and relevance
Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a rare entity that accounts for roughly 1% of laryngeal neoplasms. Recent trends in otolaryngology literature and practice suggest that low-grade chondrosarcomas can be effectively treated with organ-preserving, conservative surgery. Transoral robotic surgery offers numerous advantages over both open and endoscopic approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature describing the successful use of transoral robotic surgery for the resection of a laryngeal chondrosarcoma. 相似文献6.
Jay Agarwal Sameep Kadakia Abbas Agaimy Anna Ogadzanov Azita Khorsandi Raymond L. Chai 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(4):505-507
Background
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PL) is an exceedingly rare tumor of the head and neck. This aggressive liposarcoma variant portends a poorer prognosis compared to more typical sarcomatous tumors.Methods
Multi-institutional study including two cases of PL, the first case occurring in the post-auricular region and the second in the cheek with later recurrence within the parotid bed.Results
Both patients were treated surgically with wide local excision. One patient required reoperation to obtain negative margins. The other patient underwent a total parotidectomy with neck dissection for recurrent intraparotid nodal disease. Both patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. No patient had evidence of recurrent disease with minimum one year follow-up.Conclusion
Although the literature is sparse on this disease, wide surgical extirpation with negative margins and adjuvant radiation is recommended. Increased reports of this pathology can be helpful in providing practitioners with experienced-based information that can aid in early detection and treatment. We present the first case series of PL of the head and neck in the literature. 相似文献7.
Anil Gungor 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):77-81
Pediatric OSAS and craniofacial malformations present challenges that require innovative approaches and comprehensive treatment strategies. Synchronous airway lesions, craniofacial malformations, obstructive anomalies of the tongue base, nasal vault and choanae are commonly addressed by subspecialists from various clinical and surgical academic traditions who practice variable levels of required communication. This is not a mere social requirement but an important requisite for intelligent and effective airway management. Membership of dedicated airway, aero digestive or craniofacial teams are desirable but not required. I expect this clinical brief to help many brilliant clinicians in their pursuit of perfection. 相似文献
8.
Hemangiopericytomas are soft tissue tumors composed of pericytic cells that are characterized by their “staghorn” vascular branching and their variable clinical presentation. Fifteen to 25% of all HPC occur in the head and neck, with only 5% found in the nose or paranasal sinuses. Sinonasal hemangiopericytoma (SNHPC) is considered distinct from its soft tissue counterpart – the former showing a more uniform cellular organization, has convincing pericytic differentiation and is associated with a far better prognosis. With less than 200 cases of SNHPC reported in the literature, only limited assumptions can be made about this rare tumor. The purpose of this article is to add to the growing body of literature on this disease. We report two new cases of SNHCP – both in female patients who presented with epistaxis and anosmia. Pulsatile vascular masses were visualized with nasal endoscopy – one in the left middle meatus and the second one near the cribriform plate. CT and MRI studies show enhancing masses in the left nasal cavities with thinning and erosion of the skull base. Diagnoses were confirmed by pathology which reported spindle cell neoplasm staining positively for VEGF, NSE, factor XIIIa, S-100 protein, and CD34, and negative for actin, desmin, CD31, and pankeratin, consistent with hemangiopericytoma. In one patient, embolization of the sphenopalatine and labial artery as well as pre-operative radiation therapy was performed before complete endoscopic resection was undertaken. The second patient had a tumor invading the skull base, so a craniofacial resection was performed. Both patients remained free of disease two years after surgery. Review of the literature and treatment options are discussed. 相似文献
9.
10.
Andrew T. Day Dane J. Genther Ferdinand Hui Wojciech K. Mydlarz Gillian Griffith Shaun C. Desai 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):103-107
Patients undergoing free tissue reconstruction are at risk for development of an anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, which may present as delayed neck hemorrhage or a pulsatile neck mass. Diagnosis may be achieved by noninvasive imaging, angiography, and exploration. Management strategies for head and neck pseudoaneurysms have included open vessel ligation, open direct vessel repair, endovascular parent vessel embolization, and, most recently, endovascular pseudoaneurysm embolization. In patients with anastomotic pseudoaneurysms where adequate flap inosculation is doubted, endovascular pseudoaneurysm embolization with pedicle preservation may be an appropriate primary treatment approach. We discuss the successful endovascular coiling of an external carotid artery branch anastomotic pseudoaneurysm in a patient one month after free tissue reconstruction of a total laryngopharyngectomy and partial glossectomy defect. 相似文献
11.
Jessica Meshman Pin-Chieh Wang Robert Chin Maie St. John Elliot Abemayor Sunita Bhuta Allen M. Chen 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):31-37
Purpose
To evaluate the prognostic significance of p16 expression among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (LSCC) and hypopharynx (HSCC).Methods
The medical records of all patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic LSCC/HSCC were reviewed. p16INK4A (p16) protein expression was evaluated on pathological specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and locoregional control (LRC). In select cases, p16 expression was correlated to high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes using in situ hybridization (ISH).Results
Thirty-one patients (23 LSCC; 8 HSCC) were identified. Seventeen (54.8%) patients were p16 negative; 14 (45.2%) were p16-positive. The primary treatment modality was radiation therapy for 22 (71.0%) patients and surgery for 9 (29.0%). Nineteen (61.3%) patients were evaluated for high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV genotypes by IHC, of whom 2 (10.5%) patients were positive for high-risk HPV and 1 (5.3%) was positive for low-risk HPV. For high-risk HPV, the positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and specificity of p16 was 20.0%, 100%, and 52.9%. There was no significant difference in the 2-year actuarial rates of OS (91% vs. 64%, p = 0.34) or LRC (51% vs. 46%, p = 0.69) between the p16-positive and p-16 negative patients.Conclusion
In this small cohort of 31 LSCC and HSCC patients, p16 was not a significant predictive of either LRC or OS. Furthermore, p16 was poorly correlated with HPV genotyping as identified by ISH. 相似文献12.
Faina Linkov Benita Valappil Jacob McAfee Sharon L. Goughnour Douglas M. Hildrew Andrew A. McCall Igor Linkov Barry Hirsch Carl Snyderman 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):57-64
Objective
To integrate multiple sources of clinical information with patient feedback to build evidence-based decision support model to facilitate treatment selection for patients suffering from vestibular schwannomas (VS).Methods
This was a mixed methods study utilizing focus group and survey methodology to solicit feedback on factors important for making treatment decisions among patients. Two 90-minute focus groups were conducted by an experienced facilitator. Previously diagnosed VS patients were recruited by clinical investigators at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). Classical content analysis was used for focus group data analysis. Providers were recruited from practices within the UPMC system and were surveyed using Delphi methods. This information can provide a basis for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to develop a treatment decision support system for patients with VS.Results
Eight themes were derived from these data (focus group + surveys): doctor/health care system, side effects, effectiveness of treatment, anxiety, mortality, family/other people, quality of life, and post-operative symptoms. These data, as well as feedback from physicians were utilized in building a multi-criteria decision model.Discussion
The study illustrated steps involved in the development of a decision support model that integrates evidence-based data and patient values to select treatment alternatives.Conclusions
Studies focusing on the actual development of the decision support technology for this group of patients are needed, as decisions are highly multifactorial. Such tools have the potential to improve decision making for complex medical problems with alternate treatment pathways. 相似文献13.
James R. Martin Peter Filip Eric J. Thorpe John P. Leonetti 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(4):380-382
Purpose
In this study we review our institution's experience and outcomes with temporal bone resection and parotidectomy in the treatment of advanced parotid malignancies.Methods
Patients undergoing lateral temporal bone resection and parotidectomy from 2007–2013 were identified in the EPIC electronic medical record. Primary tumor location, staging, surgical procedure, and patient demographic and outcome data were collected retrospectively.Results
Fifteen patients underwent combined temporal bone resection and parotidectomy for parotid malignancy. Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic and squamous cell carcinoma were the most common pathologies. Two year disease free survival was 40%. Distant metastases were the most common site of disease recurrence. Only nodal disease was predictive of reduced disease free survival, though pre-operative facial paralysis showed a trend towards significance. Margin status and operating for recurrent tumor did not influence outcome in our series.Conclusion
Local and regional tumor controls are attainable with combined skull base approaches to advanced parotid malignancies. Unfortunately these cases have a high rate of distant recurrence despite negative margins and local control. 相似文献14.
Michael C. Topf David W. Hsu Douglas R. Adams Tingting Zhan Stanley Pelosi Thomas O. Willcox Brian McGettigan Kyle W. Fisher 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):21-25
Purpose
To determine the rate of persistent tympanic membrane perforation after intratympanic steroid injection. To determine which comorbid conditions and risk factors are associated with prolonged time to perforation closure following intratympanic steroid injection.Materials and methods
Clinical data were gathered for patients who had undergone intratympanic steroid injection to treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss or Ménière's disease. Primary outcomes analysis included rate of persistent tympanic membrane perforation, defined as perforation at least 90 days following last injection, and time to perforation healing. Age, sex, number of injections, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, previous head and neck irradiation, and concurrent oral steroids, were analyzed as potential predictors of persistent perforation.Results
One hundred ninety two patients were included in this study. Three patients (1.6%) had persistent tympanic membrane perforations. All three patients received multiple injections. One patient underwent tympanoplasty for repair of persistent perforation. The median time to perforation healing was 18 days. There was no statistically significant variable associated with time to perforation healing. However, patients with prior history of head and neck radiation averaged 36.5 days for perforation healing compared to 17.5 days with no prior history of radiation and this approached statistical significance (p = 0.078).Conclusions
The rate of persistent tympanic membrane perforation following intratympanic steroid injection is low. Patients with a history of radiation to the head and neck may be at increased risk for prolonged time for closure of perforation. 相似文献15.
Cameron C. Wick Sharon J. Lin Heping Yu Cliff A. Megerian Qing Yin Zheng 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):44-51
Hypothesis
Phosphorus and vitamin D (calcitriol) supplementation in the Phex mouse, a murine model for endolymphatic hydrops (ELH), will improve otic capsule mineralization and secondarily ameliorate the postnatal development of ELH and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).Background
Male Phex mice have X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), which includes osteomalacia of the otic capsule. The treatment for XLH is supplementation with phosphorus and calcitriol. The effect of this treatment has never been studied on otic capsule bone and it is unclear if improving the otic capsule bone could impact the mice's postnatal development of ELH and SNHL.Methods
Four cohorts were studied: 1) wild-type control, 2) Phex control, 3) Phex prevention, and 4) Phex rescue. The control groups were not given any dietary supplementation. The Phex prevention group was supplemented with phosphorus added to its drinking water and intraperitoneal calcitriol from postnatal day (P) 7–P40. The Phex rescue group was also supplemented with phosphorus and calcium but only from P20 to P40. At P40, all mice underwent auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, serum analysis, and temporal bone histologic analysis. Primary outcome was otic capsule mineralization. Secondary outcomes were degree of SNHL and presence ELH.Results
Both treatment groups had markedly improved otic capsule mineralization with less osteoid deposition. The improved otic capsule mineralized did not prevent the development of ELH or SNHL.Conclusion
Supplementation with phosphorus and calcitriol improves otic capsule bone morphology in the Phex male mouse but does not alter development of ELH or SNHL. 相似文献16.
Kuang-Hsuan Shen Yu-Hsuan Wang Ting-Wei Hsu Li-Chun Hsieh Fang-Ju Sun Ying-Piao Wang 《American journal of otolaryngology》2019,40(1):22-29
Purpose
The efficacy of postoperative oral corticosteroids on surgical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) remains controversial. This study evaluated the potential benefits of postoperative oral corticosteroids on surgical outcomes in CRSwNP patients and investigated the differential effects on eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) and noneosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP).Materials and methods
Patients with bilateral CRSwNP who underwent ESS were enrolled and randomized to receive either oral prednisolone (30?mg/day) or placebo for 2?weeks after surgery. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) scores were chosen as the subjective outcomes, evaluated at preoperative baseline and 1, 3, and 6?months postoperatively. Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Scores (LKESs) were used as the objective outcome, evaluated at preoperative baseline and at 2?weeks and 2, 3, and 6?months postoperatively.Results
In total, 100 patients with bilateral CRSwNP were enrolled, of whom only 82 completed the 6-month follow-up. The subjective outcomes showed no significant difference at each follow-up points. Of the objective outcomes, the corticosteroid group reporting a trend of improvement in LKESs at 6?months postoperatively (p?=?0.05). After stratification by tissue eosinophils, only patients with NECRSwNP (<10 eosinophils/HPF) demonstrated a significant improvement in LKESs at 3?months postoperatively (p?=?0.03).Conclusions
Postoperative oral corticosteroids did not provide additional improvements in VAS and SNOT-22 scores; nevertheless, a trend of LKES improvement was noted at 6?months postoperatively. After stratification by tissue eosinophils, this effect was significant only among NECRSwNP patients at 3?months follow-up. 相似文献17.
Purpose
To explore the effectiveness of fibrin coating in reducing web formation after endoscopic management of the anterior commissure of the larynx.Materials and methods
Using a spray device that is generally used for laparoscopic operations, we covered the wound with fibrin glue (Bolheal®) to avoid web formation. This technique was employed in cases wherein the anterior commissure was mainly managed by laser operation; the glue was sprayed after vaporization. Fibrinogen was first sprayed and the wound was properly soaked with a swab, which was followed by application of thrombin. We used this method in 17 cases and evaluated voice function by acoustic analysis – pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ) and amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) – and maximum phonation time (MPT) before and after the operation.Results
No severe web formation was observed at three months after the operation. PPQ values improved from 3.048 ± 2.801% to 0.653 ± 0.463% (p < 0.05, paired t-test). APQ values improved from 7.996 ± 5.003% to 3.042 ± 1.872% (p < 0.05, paired t-test). Voice quality did not worsen in any of the cases. MPT values improved from 17.2 ± 10.8 s to 26.7 ± 14.2 s (p < 0.05, paired t-test) Voice function improved 3 months after the operation in all cases.Conclusion
The fibrin coating method is an easy and effective approach to avoid web formation without creating cervical wounds in cases that require handling of the anterior commissure under laryngomicrosurgery. 相似文献18.
Abd Elrheem Ahmed Singer Osama G. Abdel-Naby Awad Rafeek Mohamed Abd El-Kader Ahmed Rabeh Mohamed 《American journal of otolaryngology》2018,39(2):88-93
Purpose
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the major cause of hearing impairment, especially conductive hearing loss. Few patients also had sensorineural component, the sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in CSOM is controversial, especially for safe mucosal type. This study aims to assess the relationship between the frequency of SNHL development in patients with safe mucosal CSOM and its relation to patient's age, sex, duration of disease, size of perforation and different audiological findings.Material and methods
This is a prospective study conducted from June 2016 to June 2017 in a tertiary referral hospital. 200 patients with unilateral mucosal type of CSOM with normal contralateral ear were included in the study. The diseased ears were taken as study ears and normal ears as control ears in all patients. Detailed otologic history, clinical and audiometric findings were recorded and analyzed. Results were statistically compared in all patients for both study and control ears using different parameters.Results
Twenty patients had an average bone conduction threshold of all frequencies above 25 dB, which implies SNHL (10%). The incidence of SNHL was statistically significant at higher speech frequencies. The incidence increased with the presence of Diabetes Mellitus, smoking, duration of disease, presence of active discharge and the increase in size of perforation. However, it is not age dependent and there was no difference between males and females.Conclusion
Safe mucosal CSOM can cause SNHL with multiple predisposing factors. 相似文献19.
Marianne Abouyared Mikhaylo Szczupak Eric Barbarite Zoukaa B. Sargi David E. Rosow 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(1):7-12
Purpose
The purpose was to assess the success of open tracheal resection and re-anastomosis for non-malignant tracheal stenosis in adults. Successful operations were defined as T-tube or tracheostomy-free status by 6 months post-operatively.Materials and methods
Retrospective chart review was performed and data were recorded in a de-identified manner. The primary outcome was T-tube or tracheostomy-free status by 6 months following tracheal resection. Clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated as potential prognostic variables.Results
Thirty-two patients met inclusion criteria, with a median age of 46. Seven patients underwent tracheal resection with primary closure, without stenting. Successful tracheal resection was defined as tracheostomy or T-tube free by 6 months post-operation, and this was possible in 21 patients (66%). Eighty-two percent of patients with cricoid cartilage-sparing tracheal resection had a successful outcome, versus 30% of patients who underwent cricoid cartilage resection (HR 5.02, 95% CI 1.46–17.3; p = 0.011). Patients with a history of tracheostomy-dependence were four times more likely to remain tube-dependent at 6 months (HR 4.15, 95% CI 1.56–10.86; p = 0.004).Conclusions
Tracheal stenosis remains a very difficult problem to treat. In our series, we confirm that patients with cricoid involvement or with a history of tracheostomy were more likely to be tube dependent at 6-months post-operation. 相似文献20.
Wang Woon Cha Kudamo Song In Kyu Yu Myoung Su Choi Dong Sik Chang Chin-Saeng Cho Ho Yun Lee 《American journal of otolaryngology》2017,38(4):428-432