基于16 S rRNA序列研究华重楼植株可培养内生细菌的多样性

目的分析华重楼Paris polyphylla健株和茎腐病感病植株内生可培养内生细菌的多样性。方法用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基分离华重楼茎腐病及健康植株根茎、茎、叶等不同部位的细菌,采用16 S rRNA通用引物27F/1492R进行PCR扩增结合DNA测序技术,对分离自华重楼健株及茎腐病植株不同部位的细菌进行初步鉴定。结果从华重楼的健康植株和感病植株中分离到11属23种细菌。从健株分离到4属11种内生细菌,其中根茎、茎、叶分别分离到9、10和5种内生细菌。从病株分离得到10属14种内生细菌,其中根茎、茎、叶分别分离到11、8和3种内生细菌。华重楼健株的根茎部内生细菌量最高,达2.999×105 cfu/g,叶部内生细菌量较低,为7.32×104 cfu/g,华重楼健株根茎、茎、叶中的芽孢杆菌量最高,比例分别为73.3%、67.1%和81.8%。华重楼病株的茎部内生细菌量最高,达2.817×105 cfu/g,叶部内生细菌量较低,为2.76×104 cfu/g,华重楼病株的根茎、茎、叶部的假单胞菌量最高,比例分别为35.6%、50.3%和60.5%。华重楼健株不同部位的多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于病株。结论华重楼健康植株以芽孢杆菌为优势细菌类群,华重楼茎腐病植株以假单胞菌为优势细菌类群。华重楼健株相比病株具有更为丰富的内生细菌群落多样性。     

五味子中内生拮抗活性细菌的分离与筛选

目的 从不同地区采集五味子植株,分离内生细菌,并进行菌群密度、拮抗菌筛选和抑菌活性研究。方法 采用平板分离法分离内生细菌并纯化典型菌株;平板对峙法测定体外拮抗活性;生长速率法测定抑菌活性。结果 不同种植地、五味子不同器官中内生细菌的菌群密度差异较大,野生的较栽培的大;五味子各器官中,根中的内生细菌最多,其次为茎,叶片中最少。从分得的大量内生细菌中共纯化出302株内生细菌,拮抗菌比率平均为24.19%。从中选出了12株对五味子茎基腐病菌、人参根腐病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、人参黑斑病菌具有较好拮抗作用的菌株。12株菌株的发酵产物对供试病原菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,其中JYg-2对人参根腐病的抑制率最高,达80.02%。结论 五味子植株体内存在大量内生细菌,并且含有一定比率的拮抗菌,拮抗活性稳定。因此五味子内生细菌可以成为开发拮抗菌资源的重要途径,并具有较大潜能。     

假鹰爪种子化学成分的研究

目的：研究假鹰爪种子的化学成分,以寻找抗癌活性成分或新的化合物。方法：用溶剂提取和多种层析方法分离,用光谱方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果：分离并鉴定了１１个化合物,分别为ｌａｗｉｎａｌ（１）,ｄｅｓｍｏｓａｌ（２）,ｄｅｓｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｍａｔｅｕｃｉｎｏｌ（３）,ｕｎｏｎａｌ（４）,ｉｓｏｕｎｏｎａｌ（５）,ｄｅｓｍｏｓｆｌａｖｏｎｅ（６）,尿囊酸（７）,琥珀酸（８）,胡萝卜甙（９）,β谷甾醇（１０）和硬脂酸（１１）。通过１ＨＮＭＲＮＯＥ差谱技术对１和２的结构重新进行了研究,证明１和２互为异构体。结论：化合物２是新的天然产物,７,８和９系首次从该植物中分得。     

Schisandra Chinensis-derived antioxidant activities in ‘Sheng Mai San’ a compound formulation,in vivo and in vitro

Sheng Mai San (SMS), a compound formulation in traditional Chinese medicine comprising Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis and Ophiopogon japonicus, is used for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. In the present study, we have demonstrated the presence of both in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activities in SMS, as indicated by its ability to protect against CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in rats and to scavenge superoxide radicals generated in an in vitro system. Our results indicate that the antioxidant activity of SMS is derived mainly from Schisandra chinensis.     

Nardostachys chinensis Batalin: A review of traditional uses,phytochemistry, and pharmacology

Nardostachys chinensis Batalin (Valerianaceae) has been widely used in different traditional systems of medicine, including Islamic, Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Korean folk medicine. It has been used in traditional medicine as a tranquilizer, hepatotonic, cardiotonic, diuretic, and analgesic. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies have provided valuable scientific evidence for its traditional uses. This review aims to summarize reported traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential of N. chinensis while identifying potential areas of further research of plant. The review comprises literature pertaining to the pharmacological potential and phytochemistry of N. chinensis using worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Elsevier, Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Springer, Wiley online library). Moreover, data from ethno botanical text books available in library and electronic search were also included. The Plant List and Kew Herbarium Catalogue databases were used to authenticate the scientific name. Different pharmacological experiments in many in vitro and in vivo models have proved the potential of N. chinensis, namely, anti‐inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antifungal, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, aldose reductase inhibition, and antioxidant activities. The plant contains sesquiterpenenes of various varieties including aristolane, guaiane, and nardosinane types. Moreover, it also contains coumarins, phenols, lignans, neolignans, and glycosides. Reported activities suggested that there may be pharmacological potential for developing N. chinensis as a drug for infections, hypertension, cardiac diseases, Alzheimer's disease, insomnia, epilepsy, cancer, gastric, and liver diseases. More toxicological studies should be performed that will aid the progress to clinical trial studies of N. chinensis.     

金锦香化学成分研究

从金锦香植物中分离到5个成分,经光谱和化学分析,分别鉴定为2-呋喃甲酸,琥珀酸,熊果酸,槲皮素,胡萝卜甙。以上成分均为首次从该植物中获得。     

阴行草中木脂素类成分的研究

自玄参科植物阴行草的地上部分分得一微量单体化合物,经单晶X衍时分析确定其为木脂素类化合物丁香脂素,为首次从该植物中分离到木脂素类化合物,丁香脂素亦为首次从玄参科植物中获得。     

Inhibition of UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) Activity by constituents of Schisandra chinensis

Structure–activity relationship for the inhibition of Schisandra chinensis's ingredients toward (Uridine‐Diphosphate) UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) activity was performed in the present study. In vitro incubation system was employed to screen the inhibition capability of S. chinensis's ingredients, and in silico molecular docking method was carried out to explain possible mechanisms. At 100 μM of compounds, the activity of UGTs was inhibited by less than 90% by schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisandrin, schisandrin C, schisantherin A, gomisin D, and gomisin G. Schisandrin A exerted strong inhibition toward UGT1A1 and UGT1A3, with the residual activity to be 7.9% and 0% of control activity. Schisanhenol exhibited strong inhibition toward UGT2B7, with the residual activity to be 7.9% of control activity. Gomisin J of 100 μM inhibited 91.8% and 93.1% of activity of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9, respectively. Molecular docking prediction indicated different hydrogen bonds interaction resulted in the different inhibition potential induced by subtle structure alteration among schisandrin A, schisandrin, and schisandrin C toward UGT1A1 and UGT1A3: schisandrin A > schisandrin > schisandrin C. The detailed inhibition kinetic evaluation showed the strong inhibition of gomisin J toward UGT1A9 with the inhibition kinetic parameter (K_i) to be 0.7 μM. Based on the concentrations of gomisin J in the plasma of the rats given with S. chinensis, high herb–drug interaction existed between S. chinensis and drugs mainly undergoing UGT1A9‐mediated metabolism. In conclusion, in silico‐in vitro method was used to give the inhibition information and possible inhibition mechanism for S. chinensis's components toward UGTs, which guide the clinical application of S. chinensis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盐肤木属植物研究进展

盐肤木属植物是一类很重要的资源植物,具有很大的科学研究和资源开发潜力,在许多国家都长久的应用于各种疾病的治疗和预防;具有很高的药用价值;也具有十分广泛的工业应用,和具有很高的经济价值。且盐肤木R. chinensis 的虫瘿俗称"五倍子",是一种化工原料和药用原料。为了对盐肤木属植物的进一步研究开发提供参考,通过检索国内外相关参考文献,从植物种类和分布、化学成分、药理活性、临床应用等方面,归纳了盐肤木属植的国内外研究进展。盐肤木属植物中分离得到的化合物主要包括三萜类、 黄酮类、鞣质与酚酸类等;药理活性方面的报道集中在以抗HIV病毒为主的抗病毒活性为主,同时也有关于抗肿瘤、抗腹泻、抗炎、抗龋齿和保肝等其他活性的研究报道,其活性方面的研究还具有很大的空间。结果对深入开展盐肤木属植物的研究和对药用资源的开发、利用和保护有重要意义。     

华黄芪化学成分的研究

从华黄芪中分得３个化合物，经化学反应和光谱鉴定，它们分别是二十八烷烃，胡萝卜甙，山奈酚，均为首次从该植物中得到。     

Anti‐carious Effects of Galla chinensis: A Systematic Review

As a natural traditional Chinese medicine, Galla chinensis has been widely used since ancient times for its astringency, stypticity, detoxification, and antibacterial activity. Our group has concentrated on the research about its potential of being an applicable anti‐caries agent. The crude extract and some other components purified from it show remarkable efficacy on anticaries, and the most likely mechanism is proposed through specific research. For the fact that crude drugs consist of numerous compounds, and their bioactivity is a result of synergistic effects and/or antagonistic effects of several compounds, it is difficult to clarify the exact mechanism and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of G. chinensis. This review article systematically summarizes previous findings from the following aspects: (1) inhibitory effect on oral bacteria; (2) the demineralization inhibition property; (3) the remineralization‐enhancing property; and (4) stability and toxicity evaluation, and thus indicates the further research direction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金莲花化学成分和药理活性研究进展＊

金莲花是我国传统中药材，金莲花中的化学成分主要有黄酮类、有机酸类、生物碱类、香豆素类以及甾醇类等，目前已发现金莲花具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化以及抗炎镇痛等作用。本文对金莲花的化学成分和药理活性进行了综述，以期为金莲花的深入研究和合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

山苦菜化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

山苦菜具有清热解毒、活血化瘀、镇痛抗炎等功效,用于治疗肺热咳嗽、阑尾炎、跌打损伤等。通过查阅国内外报道的相关文献,发现迄今为止从山苦菜中已分离得到近百种化合物,其中以愈创木内酯型倍半萜类化合物为主,并从山苦菜全草中分离出多种全新的愈创木内酯型倍半萜类化合物:8-epicrepioside,ixerochinolide,ixerochinoside,chinensiolides A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,此外,还有黄酮类、三萜类和甾醇类化合物等。现代药理研究证明山苦菜及山苦菜的化学成分具有抗炎保肝,抗氧化,抗烟碱,抗病毒、抗白血病等作用,其中黄酮类成分具有很强的药理活性。另外,山苦菜作为民间药材,多以复方药物治疗疾病,并申报多项专利,在食品饮料、保健茶、复合饲草猪饲料等方面也申报了专利。为了合理利用我国的药用资源,笔者将近年来有关山苦菜的化学成分、药理作用及开发利用等方面的相关研究进行系统全面的总结,希望对山苦菜的深入研究及新药开发提供参考。     

Effects of Penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose on Human Neutrophil Function: significant Down‐Regulation of L‐selectin Expression

Penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose (PGG) occurrs in high concentrations in medicinal herbs such as Rhus chinensis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Acer truncatum and Terminalia chebula, which demonstrate anti‐inflammatory activity. We investigated the effect of PGG on stimulated and non‐stimulated neutrophils in processes which included reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), metalloproteinase‐9 and interleukin‐8 secretion (IL‐8), β₂ integrin (CD11b) and L‐selectin (CD62L) expression and apoptosis. In concentrations of 5 μM–20 μM, PGG demonstrated statistically significant inhibition of ROS generation, IL‐8 secretion and β₂ integrin expression in stimulated neutrophils. The inhibition of L‐selectin expression by PGG resulted in prevention in neutrophils’ endothelial attachment. The result obtained may explain the anti‐inflammatory activity of this compound and underline the contribution of PGG in the activity of PGG rich plant extracts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

五味子及其制剂中木脂素类成分含量测定的研究进展

综述了五味子及其制剂中主要活性成分木脂素含量测定方法的最新进展,包括分光光度法,TLCS,HPLC,GC MS和CEC法,评述了每一种分析方法的特点和适用范围,为五味子药材和制剂质量评价提供参考。     

黄连有效成分小檗碱抗动脉粥样硬化机制研究进展

黄连是一味传统中药，具有清热燥湿，泻火解毒的功效，小檗碱是黄连中含量最高的生物碱，近年来研究发现，小檗碱具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。作者从抗炎、调节血脂、调节血压、调节血糖、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖等方面对小檗碱抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)相关机制进行综述。     

四季青的化学成分研究

从四季青叶中分离并鉴定了原儿茶酸,咖啡酸,丁香甙,救必应酸和长梗冬青甙,还分离到一个新化合物环己酮长梗冬青甙基-3,23-O-缩羰,推测为提取中产生的长梗冬青甙衍生物。     

我国黄连(味连)质量评价研究

目的:探索黄连(味连)成分动态变化,对各主产地黄连作出质量评价。方法:对我国黄连(味连)药材主产地的重庆石柱县及巫溪县、四川洪雅县及大邑县、陕西镇坪县、湖北利川县的黄连样品(3～5年生)进行成分分析比较,以黄连主要生物活性成分小檗碱、黄连碱、药根碱、巴马汀及总生物碱为指标,分别采用HPLC和UV测定其含量。结果与结论:各地黄连(味连)所测指标性成分及总生物碱含量总体上以5年生为高,结合产量等因素考虑,黄连(味连)药材以5年生采挖为宜;各地黄连(味连)在所测指标成分含量上有一定差异,但均符合现行《中国药典》2000年版规定,总体质量情况良好。     

长白山北五味子的生态调查

记叙了长白山北五味子的分布及生态环境,并对其芽、根、枝的特性,年生长量与发育周期,开花结果习性及栽培技术做了报道。