Transforming growth factor-beta 1, 2, 3 and receptor type I and II in diabetic foot ulcers.

AIMS: To study the distribution of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) 1, 2 and 3, and TGF-beta receptor types I and II in diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic skin and normal skin by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We also compared the TGF-betas with those of chronic venous ulcers. METHODS: Skin biopsies were obtained from the leg or the foot of non-diabetic and diabetic subjects, and from the edge of diabetic foot ulcers and chronic venous ulcers. Distribution (by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry) of TGF-beta 1, 2 and 3 and TGF-beta receptors (RI and RII) was done by staining 8-microm skin sections using appropriate antibodies. Protein levels of TGF-beta were measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: TGF-beta3 expression was increased in the epithelium at the edge of diabetic foot ulcers, being more intense than diabetic and normal skin (P = 0.03, 0.02, respectively), as was its expression in venous ulcers compared with normal skin. However, TGF-beta1 expression was not increased in diabetic foot ulcers and chronic venous ulcers, and was comparable to diabetic and normal skin. There was also no increase for the receptors in diabetic foot ulcers. CONCLUSION: The lack of TGF-beta1 up-regulation in both diabetic foot ulcers and venous ulcers may explain the impaired healing in these chronic wounds, and could represent a general pattern for chronicity.     

肾癌细胞的凋亡与bc1-2的表达

目的 为阐明细胞凋亡在肾癌发生、发展中的作用及与bcl-2表达的关系。方法 应用免疫组化结合微波抗原修复和流式细胞荧光技术,对52例肾癌及14例癌旁正常组织的凋亡率及bcl-2的表达进行了定性、定量的测定,并就它们的相关性进行了分析。结果 正常肾组织的凋亡率为9.2±1.61％,肾痛组织的凋亡率为4.15±1.93％。肾癌组织凋亡率低于正常组织(P<0.001)。bcl-2在肾癌组织的阳性率和阳性蛋白细胞含量高于正常肾组织(P<0.05)。凋亡率与bcl-2的表达呈负相关(x=—0.9155,P<0.01),在bcl-2不表达的肾癌中,凋亡率也低于正常组织(P<0.001)。结论 bcl-2有很强的抑制肾癌细胞凋亡的作用,肾癌细胞凋亡率的下降可能有利于肾癌的发生和发展。另外我们推测在肾癌中可能还有其他抑制凋亡的因素存在。     

IgA肾病肾组织诱骗受体2表达变化与肾小管、间质损伤的相关性分析

目的 观察诱骗受体2（DcR2）在IgA肾病患者肾组织的表达及其与肾组织损伤程度的相关性.方法 选取2013年1月～ 2013年9月我院肾内科肾活检证实为IgA肾病患者39例,根据IgAN牛津病理评分肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化评分将患者分为3组,同时选取13例肾错构瘤患者作为对照组.收集各组患者人口学资料、临床数据,免疫组化法检测肾组织DcR2的表达情况,并与肾脏病理损伤评分进行相关分析.结果 DcR2在IgA肾病肾小管上皮细胞表达,其表达水平随着肾脏损伤加重而逐渐增加,与肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩、间质纤维化呈正相关.结论 DcR2可能以调控肾小管上皮细胞凋亡导致肾间质纤维化,并在IgA肾病进展中发挥重要作用.     

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-1 beta stimulate LDL receptor activity in Hep G2 cells.

The effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on LDL receptor in Hep G2 cells was investigated. A greater than two-fold stimulation of the binding and internalisation of [125I]-labelled LDL at 37 degrees C was observed after an 18-h incubation of the cells with TGF-beta 1 at 50 ng/ml and IL-1 beta at 11,700 units/ml compared with control cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding of [125I]-labelled LDL at 4 degrees C after an 18-h incubation of the cells with 1170 units/ml IL-1 beta and 5 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 showed that they were both acting primarily by increasing LDL receptor number. The increase in LDL receptor activity could not be attributed to an increase in cell proliferation as TGF-beta 1 at concentrations from 0.05 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml had no significant effect on either cell number or [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA whilst IL-1 beta inhibited DNA synthesis by more than 80% at a concentration of 11,700 units/ml but had significant effect on cell number. Cholesterol biosynthesis from [14C]acetate, in contrast to the stimulation of LDL receptor activity, was inhibited by approximately two-fold by incubation with TGF-beta 1 at 50 ng/ml and IL-1 beta at 11,700 units/ml.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

Troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of HepG2 human liver cancer cells

AIM: To examine the effect of troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, on the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer cells.METHODS: Liver cancer cell line HepG2 was cultured and treated with troglitazone. Cell proliferation was detected by 3-(4-,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated nick end labeling of DNA fragmentation sites (TUNEL) assay; and apoptosis-related protein was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS: Troglitazone inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner,and induced activation of caspase-3 expression.Troglitazone not only drove apoptosis-inhibiting factor survivin to translocate incompletely from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, but also inhibited expression of survivin,while it did not affect expression of apoptosis-promoting factor Bax.CONCLUSION: PPARγ ligands inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells, and may have applications for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.     

The role of insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor in cell growth, transformation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance in solid tumors

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exerts pleiotropic effects on mammalian cells via stimulation of its receptor (IGF-IR), a receptor tyrosine kinase. In vivo, IGF-I acts both as a local tissue growth factor and as a circulating hormone. In oncological research, IGF-I has received increased attention as the activated IGF-I/IGF-IR system displays mitogeneic, transforming, and anti-apoptotic properties in various cell types by stimulating distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Recent data suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-I may mediate decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting the IGF-I/IGF-IR system could serve as an approach to overcome clinical drug resistance in certain tumors. Received: 15 December 1998 / Accepted: 4 January 1999     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

目的 探讨HBV感染人近端肾小管上皮细胞系HK-2后对其表达Toll样受体4(TLR4)的影响,并观察TLR4抗HBV感染的生物学作用.方法 收集HBV DNA拷贝在107-102/ml的患者血清,通过显微镜及免疫荧光法观察HBV阳性血清感染HK-2前、后细胞形态及α抗平滑肌抗体(α-SMA)的变化,应用MTT法检测不同浓度TLR4刺激因子(LPS)及TLR4抑制因子(CLI-095)对HK-2细胞增殖的影响.选取10 μL/ml脂多糖(LPS)及5μg/ml CLI-095作用于HBV感染的HK-2细胞,通过细胞免疫荧光技术及免疫印迹法检测HK-2细胞内TLR4蛋白的变化,ELISA法和荧光定量PCR法观测各组细胞上清液中HBsAg、HBeAg和HBV DNA含量的变化.结果 HBV分别感染HK-2细胞12 h和24 h后,随感染时间延长,细胞形态变得不规则,数量也减少.α-SMA的表达水平与感染24 h后相比,在HBV感染12 h后表达最多.LPS浓度在小于10μg/ml范围内,HBV感染HK-2细胞24 h后其增殖程度与剂量呈正相关,与CLI-095浓度呈负相关(P＜0.05).LPS组HK-2细胞TLR4蛋白的表达高于CLI-095组,其上清液中HBV DNA水平及HBsAg、HBeAg表达水平较CLI-095组降低.结论 TLR4可能通过免疫炎症反应参与抑制HK-2细胞中的HBV复制,当HBV感染肾组织细胞时可发挥抗病毒作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

Troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of HepG2 human liver cancer cells

AIM： To examine the effect of troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） ligand, on the proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer cells. METHODS： Liver cancer cell line HepG2 was cultured and treated with troglitazone. Cell proliferation was detected by 3-（4-,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated nick end labeling of DNA fragmentation sites （TUNEL） assay; and apoptosis-related protein was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS： Troglitazone inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and induced activation of caspase-3 expression. Troglitazone not only drove apoptosis-inhibiting factor survivin to translocate incompletely from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, but also inhibited expression of survivin, while it did not affect expression of apoptosis-promoting factor Bax. CONCLUSION： PPARγ ligands inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells, and may have applications for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.     

犬输精管结扎术后前列腺细胞凋亡与Bcl-2 Bax基因表达

目的 观察输精管及其静脉结扎(以下简称"结扎")对老年犬前列腺增生模型组织学、细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax基因表达的影响.方法 12只雄性杂交5～6岁犬用添加甲基睾丸素的犬饲料喂养2年制成前列腺增生动物模型,造模成功后,随机分为结扎组(施行输精管及其静脉结扎术)和假手术组,继续饲养2年后处死犬.取前列腺测量体积并称重,标本分别行HE染色、免疫组化染色检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及凋亡抑制基因(Bcl-2)、促凋亡基因(Bax)蛋白表达. 结果 结扎后结扎组增生的前列腺体积变小、重量减轻,腺体出现萎缩性变,而假手术组前列腺仍呈增生性改变(P＜0.01);结扎组前列腺腺上皮面积比(0.16±0.05)和腺上皮平均高度[(55.67±8.34)μm]均呈下降趋势,而假手术组上述检测指标分别为(0.24±0.07)、[(108.81±1 5.26)μm],均高于结扎组(P＜0.01),间质面积比结扎组(0.65±0.12)高于假手术组(0.46±0.09)(P＜0.05),结扎后前列腺萎缩主要以腺体和腺上皮为主;免疫组化结果显示,PCNA在结扎组前列腺腺上皮细胞核中表达较弱,在假手术组中表达较强;Bcl-2基因蛋白在结扎组前列腺上皮胞浆中表达较弱,在假手术组中表达较强;Bax基因蛋白在结扎组前列腺上皮胞浆中表达较强,在假手术组中表达较弱;结扎组PCNA和Bcl-2阳性信号的面密度值下调[分别为(0.29±0.05)、(0.18±0.07)],低于假手术组[分别为(0.67±0.12)、(0.27±0.1)],而Bax阳性信号面密度值(0.29±0.07)上调,高于假手术组(0.12±0.02),两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);结扎组增殖指数(0.12±0.01)和假手术组(0.24±0.13)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 前列腺细胞凋亡与Bcl-2、Bax基因调控密切相关,输精管结扎术后局部激素的阻断使老年犬前列腺组织细胞出现萎缩、细胞增殖下降、细胞凋亡增加,通过改变腺体细胞中Bcl-2与Bax基因的表达而实现对增殖与凋亡的调控是输精管结扎后发生凋亡的可能机制之一.     

三氧化二砷对肾癌GRC-1细胞凋亡及p53、Survivin基因表达的影响

目的观察三氧化二砷(As_2O_3)对人肾癌GRC-1细胞凋亡及p53、Survivin基因表达的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法将体外培养的人肾癌GRC-1细胞分为对照组(N)和实验组,实验组根据加入As_2O_3浓度的不同分为A、B、C、D、E(2、4、6、8、10μmol/L)组。48h后,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期变化．免疫细胞化学和RT-PCR方法测定p53和Survivin基因表达。结果As_2O_3可抑制GRC-1细胞的增殖．当As_2O_3由2μmol/L增加到10μmol/L时,细胞增殖率由88．3%降低到18．7%(F= 7546．587,P＜0．01)。各实验组p53、Survivin基因表达均较对照组减少,且随着As_2O_3的增加表达呈递减改变(F=1120．741、F=6 296．535,P＜0．01)。结论As_2O_3能够抑制GRC-1细胞增殖,并且具有浓度依赖性。能将细胞阻滞在G_2/M期,诱导细胞凋亡,其作用机制与p53和Survivin基因表达水平下降有关。     

碘对大鼠甲状腺细胞凋亡及bax、bcl-2基因mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨碘对甲状腺细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法Wistar大鼠分为6组,即低碘组(LI)、正常碘组(NI)、5倍碘组(5HI)、10倍碘组(10HI)、50倍碘组(50HI)、100倍碘组(100HI),用含不同碘的自来水喂养,6个月后取甲状腺。末端标记法(TUNEL)进行原位细胞凋亡检测,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法对甲状腺细胞凋亡相关基因bax、bcl-2进行半定量测定。结果原位细胞凋亡检测结果表明,LI组细胞凋亡明显,而NI组与其他组均未见凋亡细胞。baxmRNA表达水平以bax/β-actin光密度比表示,LI组为1.096±0.089,NI组为0.647±0.062,5HI组为0.638±0.191,10HI组为0.676±0.081,50HI组为0.644±0.092,100HI组为0.751±0.152;同样方法表示,bcl-2mRNA表达水平分别为0.273±0.185、0.172±0.115、0.236±0.107、0.235±0.071、0.267±0.065、0.313±0.062。结果表明,在LI组大鼠甲状腺bax、bcl-2mRNA表达水平均明显增加(P<0.05);在其他组,bcl-2mRNA表达水平随给碘量增加而增加,而bax无明显变化。但bax/bcl-2比值随摄入碘量增加而呈降低趋势。结论碘缺乏易诱发大鼠甲状腺细胞凋亡;而碘过量不易引起细胞凋亡,甲状腺细胞对碘过量有一定耐受能力。bcl-2家族参与甲状腺细胞凋亡过程。     

Lethal hepatic apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor, unlike Fas-mediated apoptosis, requires hepatocyte sensitization in mice

Background/Aims: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Fas ligand are apoptotic cell-death mediators that act by binding to their responsive receptors. The aims of this study were to assess the differences between liver cell deaths induced by TNF-α and anti-Fas antibody, and to investigate the mechanism by which GalN sensitizes the hepatocyte to injury by TNF-α.Methods: TNF-α or anti-Fas antibody was injected into BALB/c mice sensitized or unsensitized by D-galactosamine (GalN). Liver injury was assessed biochemically and histologically. The expressions of TNF receptor (TNFR)1 and TNFR2 mRNA in the liver were determined by Northern blot analysis. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity was determined by gel shift assay.Results: In GalN-sensitized mice, hepatocyte apoptosis and liver failure were observed after TNF-α injection, but neither occurred in unsensitized mice. Microscopically, GalN preceding TNF-α caused massive hemorrhagic liver damage with fragmented hepatocyte nuclei resembling effects of anti-Fas antibody, but GalN largely failed to sensitize to injury by this antibody. TNFR1 mRNA expression in the liver was upregulated within 3 h after GalN administration, and anti-TNFR1 antibody protected GalN-sensitized mice from hepatotoxic effects of TNF-α. GalN treatment failed to affect TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.Conclusions: Unlike Fas-related apoptosis, TNFR-mediated apoptosis requires hepatocyte sensitization involving TNFR1 upregulation.     

慢性肾炎伴肾小管间质损伤患者肾组织表皮生长因子含量变化及其意义

目的 探讨表皮生长因子（hEGF)在慢性肾小球肾炎（ＣＧＮ）肾小管间质病变中的作用。方法 采用放射免疫分析法检测３６例ＣＧＮ患者及１３例正常人血清、尿和肾活检组织hEGF的含量。结果 ＣＧＮ患者组织和尿hＥＧＦ含量均显著高于对照组,且肾小管间质病变愈严重,肾组织hEGF含量愈高;尿hEGF含量与肾组织hEGF含量呈高度正相。结论 hEGF在ＣＧＮ肾小管间质损伤过程中可能具有重要作用,尿hEGF含量检测可反映肾局部hEGF含量变化。     

Toll样受体4与2型糖尿病及其并发症

介导先天免疫和炎性反应的Toll样受体(TLR)4参与了炎性反应性疾病的发病.炎性反应在2型糖尿病(T2DM)及其并发症的发生、发展中具有重要作用.TLR4信号通路的激活与胰岛素抵抗(IR)有关,而IR是T2DM及其大血管病变的重要病理生理基础,TLR4信号通路激活后炎性反应因子释放增加,与糖尿病微血管病变及神经病变密切相关.抑制TLR4信号通路的激活可能会防治T2DM及其并发症的发生、发展.     

Study of the expressions of p53 and bcl-2 genes, the telomerase activity and apoptosis in GIST patients

AIM: To explore the relationship between clinicobiological behavior and the expression levels of telomerase activity, apoptosis, p53 gene and bcl-2 gene in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: The intensity of telomerase activity, apoptosis, p 53 and bcl -2 expression in GISTs were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol, in situ end-labeling technique, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: The positive rates of telomerase activity of malignant GIST, potential malignant GIST and benign GIST were 85% (17/20), 22.8% (2/9) and 0 (0/9), respectively. The apoptosis indices of malignant GIST, potential malignant GIST, and benign GIST were 11.7 ± 5.4, 30.2 ± 5.6 and 45.2 ± 7.2, respectively. The intensity of telomerase activity and apoptosis were related to the biological characteristics of GISTs (85% vs 22.8%, 0, 0; P < 0.01 or 11.7 ± 5.4 vs 30.2 ± 5.6, 45.2 ± 7.2, 72.1 ± 9.3; P < 0.05). The intensity of telomerase activity was negatively correlated with cellular apoptosis (22.9 ± 8.4 vs 9.5 ± 5.7, P < 0.01). The intensity of telomerase activity was positively correlated with p53, bcl-2 expression (40.0% vs 78.9%, 40.0% vs 84.2%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The detection of telomerase activity, apoptosis and its control genes in GIST will be helpful for the discrimination of the malignant and benign GIST and evaluation of the prognosis.     

骨髓细胞移植对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax表达的调节

目的　观察骨髓单个核细胞 (BM MNCs)移植对心肌梗死 (MI)后恢复期心肌细胞凋亡及心功能的影响 ,并探讨其可能机制。方法　通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支制成MI模型。 2周后第二次开胸在心外膜下梗死区及周边区多点注射BM MNCs混悬液 2 0 0 μl(5× 10 6 个细胞 )。经超声心动图测定左室射血分数 (EF)、短轴缩短率 (FS)等指标。采用DNA缺口末端标记法 (TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡 ,免疫组化法检测Bcl 2、Bax蛋白在心肌细胞中表达水平。结果　术后 4周 ,移植组EF、FS值均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;8周时EF、FS值升高达 2 2 4 %、2 8 1% (P <0 0 5 )。TUNEL结果显示心肌细胞凋亡指数在移植组明显低于对照组 (4周 :0 0 94 6± 0 0 17vs 0 173± 0 0 18,P <0 0 5 ;8周 :0 0 916± 0 0 14vs 0 182± 0 0 15 ,P <0 0 5 )。免疫组化结果表明 ,移植组Bcl 2蛋白表达高于对照组 (4周 :12 6 6± 3 37vs 5 6 8± 2 5 3,P <0 0 5 ;8周 :13 0 8± 3 0 87vs 5 0 2± 1 91,P <0 0 5 ) ;Bax蛋白表达则降低 (4周 :11 4 8± 3 134vs 2 0 12± 3 91,P <0 0 5 ;8周 :9 98± 3 0 3vs 2 2 74± 3 12 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　骨髓单个核细胞移植可抑制MI后心肌细胞凋亡的发生 ,从而保护心功能 ,其机制可能与对Bcl 2、