髂内动脉栓塞术治疗难治性产后出血临床效果

目的观察髂内动脉栓塞术治疗难治性产后出血的临床效果。方法对8例难治性产后出血患者采用髂内动脉栓塞术治疗,通过数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确盆腔血管走向及造影剂外溢情况后,双侧分别注入明胶海绵栓塞。结果8例患者栓塞治疗均一次成功,手术时间短、止血速度快,并且保留子宫及其生理功能,临床随访无严重并发症。结论髂内动脉栓塞术是治疗难治性产后出血的一种快速、安全、有效方法。     

二次肾移植术后左侧髂外动脉血栓栓塞1例

49岁男性患者,因慢性肾功能衰竭、尿毒症行肾移植术,第一次肾移植术后因移植肾破裂行移植肾切除术,第二次肾移植术后,移植肾供血的左侧髂外动脉吻合口近心段因血栓而闭塞,虽然通过血管介入治疗恢复了左侧髂外动脉和移植肾的血供,但由于移植肾缺血时间较长,最终肾功能并没有恢复正常。通过本病例的探讨,提醒我们：对于血栓高危的移植肾患者,需要警惕供血的髂动脉血栓形成的可能性,从而指导早期诊断与治疗,提高患者预后。     

人工血管移植修复腰椎间盘髓核摘除后髂总动脉损伤：病例分析

背景：国内外文献报道腰椎间盘手术并发腹部大血管损伤发生率较少,可一旦发生病情危急,抢救及处理不当可导致患者死亡或肢体功能障碍。 目的：探讨腰椎间盘髓核摘除致腹侧大血管损伤的发生原因、诊断及防治措施。 方法：复习1例腰椎间盘髓核摘除致髂总动脉损伤的诊断及防治措施。 结果与结论：患者L4/5椎间盘突出症行L4、L5右侧椎板减压髓核摘除导致髂总动脉损伤,通过及时诊断、采取外科干预及人工血管移植,抢救成功。大血管的损伤与手术操作、解剖、病理等因素有关,对于术中不能明确原因的椎间隙渗血伴有术中血压突然下降提示可能有大血管的损伤;准确诊断及迅速采取外科干预是抢救生命的关键。     

髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折所致出血对男性性功能的长期影响和BIIAE的长期安全性

目的 探讨双侧髂内动脉栓塞(BIIAE)治疗骨盆骨折所致出血对男性性功能的长期影响和BIIAE的长期安全性。方法 前瞻性选择18例因钝性骨盆骨折失血性休克接受BIIAE治疗的男性患者(BIIAE组);第1对照组为18例骨盆骨折但未接受血管造影栓塞患者(骨折未栓组),第2对照组为18例严重创伤但无骨盆骨折、脑及脊髓损伤患者(非骨折组)。各组用可能引起性功能损伤的危险因素(年龄、损伤后的时间、创伤严重程度评分,骨盆简略创伤分数、是否存在尿道损伤)进行1 ∶ 1匹配。外伤至少18个月后采用问卷调查表评估男性性功能。结果 骨盆骨折后患者IIEF-5分数明显降低(P＜0.05);BIIAE组和骨折未栓组的勃起障碍、维持勃起障碍发生比例较非骨折组明显增加(P＜0.05);BIIAE组和骨折未栓组的性冲动、勃起功能以及性生活满意度分数较非骨折组明显降低(P＜0.05)。BIIAE组与骨折未栓组患者之间无明显差异(各项比较,P均＞0.05)。结论 BIIAE不会引起持久的骨盆缺血,骨盆骨折后的男性性功能障碍是创伤所致而非由BIIAE引起;BIIAE治疗骨盆骨折出血安全有效。     

Review of branch aortic injuries in blunt chest trauma

Objectives: To review the incidence, mechanisms of injury, diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the major branches of the thoracic aorta within the thoracic cavity following blunt trauma. Methods: Medline, Embase and Cochrane were searched using appropriate key word and MeSH headings. Full text articles were retrieved where there was any information relating to the mechanism of injury, incidence of injury, diagnosis, treatment or outcome in patients with injuries to the brachiocephalic, subclavian or carotid arteries within the thoracic cavity following blunt chest trauma. Results: The reported incidence of these injuries varied widely, most injuries were related to rapid deceleration injuries or falls. Diagnosis depends on a high level of clinic suspicion and appropriate investigations include helical CT scanning and arteriography. Treatment options have expanded in recent years with the use of endovascular stents; however, the optimal treatment remains uncertain. Conclusions: Aortic branch injuries must be actively excluded in patients with suspicious mechanisms of injury. Guidelines determining appropriate investigative pathways and methods of treatment should be developed at all trauma centres.     

骨创伤治疗仪用于骨创伤疾病的临床应用研究

目的研究骨创伤治疗仪用于各种骨创伤疾病时,对骨折部位疼痛的缓解、肿胀的消除、骨密度的改善及骨质疏松的预防、促进骨折愈合等方面的临床效果。方法将400例骨创伤疾病患者随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组200例采用骨创伤治疗仪配合常规治疗护理方法;对照组200例采用常规的治疗护理方法。观察对比两组患者在临床上治疗后患处疼痛减轻、消肿情况、骨密度测量对比及同一时间内骨质疏松、骨折愈合等方面的效果。结果经统计学处理,研究组在临床疼痛症状改善情况、消肿症状改善情况、骨密度测量对比率和预防骨质疏松等方面明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论骨创伤治疗仪临床应用中可明显减轻疼痛、消肿快,有利于改善骨密度、预防骨质疏松、促进骨折的愈合。     

成人带蒂旋髂深动脉髂骨瓣的应用解剖研究

目的了解旋髂深动脉(DCIA)的起始、长度及与髂骨的关系,为带蒂DCIA髂骨瓣移植内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法解剖6具(男3具、女3具)甲醛水溶液固定的成人躯体标本的12支DCIA,系统观测DCIA的起始、长度及与髂骨的关系。记录1例女性病例术中所测的髂骨瓣截骨大小、起始、长度及与髂骨的关系。结果 6具成人躯体标本的12支DCIA均起源于髂外动脉,DCIA起始处外径为(2.26±0.21)mm,髂骨瓣血管蒂长为(5.89±0.33)cm,DCIA髂骨段长度为(1.34±0.29)cm,DCIA总长为(7.23±0.66)cm,DCIA与髂骨的垂直距离为(0.90±0.20)cm,男女及左右侧数据比较差异无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。1例女性病例术中测得截取髂骨大小为4.0 cm×0.8 cm,DCIA与髂前上棘的垂直距离为1.1 cm,远端DCIA距髂骨的垂直距离为1.0 cm,最后在距髂前上棘1.5 cm处与腹腔的血管相通,该处DCIA血管外径为0.6 mm,最终获得的带蒂髂骨瓣血管蒂长度为7.8 cm。结论通过DCIA可获取的血管蒂长度较长,血...     

支架置入术治疗慢性髂动脉闭塞

目的评价支架置入治疗慢性髂动脉闭塞的疗效及临床价值.方法在38例慢性髂动脉闭塞患者共46条病变血管中,发现髂总动脉闭塞18条,髂外动脉闭塞12条,髂总和髂外动脉均闭塞16条,分别行闭塞段开通,局部溶栓,血管腔内成形术(PTA)及支架置入等综合介入治疗.结果除3条髂动脉未能开通外,其余闭塞髂动脉均得以开通,其中43条闭塞髂动脉共置入54枚支架,支架覆盖长度为5～20 cm,平均为7.4 cm.4例髂总动脉起始部闭塞,采用"对吻式"技术球囊扩张后,双侧同时置入支架.随访3～62个月,平均29.5个月,1年、2年、4年支架初次通畅率分别为88%、84%、70%;再狭窄或闭塞的病例,行二次介入开通治疗后,支架的累积通畅率分别为94%,90%,84%.5例合并有主要并发症,包括1例形成动脉夹层;2例出现远端动脉栓塞;2例发生髂动脉破裂.结论支架置入术治疗慢性髂动脉闭塞是一项安全、有效的治疗措施,其中、远期疗效确切.     

An inguinal hernia that arose after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and the repair of an intraoperative external iliac vein injury: A case report

This case involved a 63-year-old man. He underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer. One year after the operation, he consulted our hospital about left inguinal swelling. Under a diagnosis of a left external inguinal hernia, transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) was performed under general anesthesia. The inside of the hernia orifice had been damaged by the RARP, and the resultant fibrosis was so marked that it was difficult to dissect the preperitoneal space. Furthermore, an external iliac vein injury occurred during the operation. The bleeding was controlled, and we used laparoscopic continuous non-absorbable sutures to repair the external iliac vein injury. The number of TAPP procedures performed after radical prostatectomy has been increasing in recent years, but dissecting the preperitoneal space inside a hernia orifice is difficult. Although external iliac vein injuries are rare complications of TAPP procedures, they can be laparoscopically repaired.     

Blunt pelvic trauma with urethral injury in the female: a case report and review of the literature

A case of blunt pelvic trauma with injury to the urethra in a female is reported. Although uncommon, this type of injury is by no means as rare as previously thought. If the morbidity associated with delayed diagnosis is to be avoided, urethral injury should be a consideration in any case of major pelvic trauma in females.     

Sudden asphyxia caused by retropharyngeal hematoma after blunt thyrocervical artery injury

Background

Retropharyngeal hematomas are often associated with blunt cervical spine injury. Generally, they improve with conservative treatment; however, rarely, airway obstruction occurs due to delayed swelling of retropharyngeal hematoma.

Objectives

To report a case of sudden asphyxia due to retropharyngeal hematoma caused by blunt thyrocervical artery injury.

Case Report

A 30-year-old woman was admitted to the Emergency Department of Tokai University Hospital 4 h after injury in a motor vehicle collision. On arrival, she had severe dyspnea and neck swelling; thereafter, a 26-mm-thick retropharyngeal swelling was visualized on lateral cervical plain X-ray study, extending from C1 anterior vertebrae to mediastinum. Emergency intubation was performed for the asphyxia. Because extravasation of contrast agent was observed in the hematoma on emergency contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, emergency angiography was performed, from which we diagnosed a hemorrhage from the right thyrocervical artery.

Conclusion

If a patient with a non-displaced cervical spine injury suffers airway obstruction due to retropharyngeal hematoma, vigorous hemorrhage from a thyrocervical artery injury should be considered as the cause, and emergency contrast-enhanced CT scan of the neck should be performed after emergent tracheal intubation.     

外固定架在严重多发伤并股骨干骨折中的应用

目的　探讨早期外固定架固定股骨干骨折对严重多发伤患者预后的影响。方法　采用回顾性对比分析 ,将 85例严重多发伤 (ISS >2 5 )患者分为两组 :A组床旁局麻下行外固定支架固定股骨干骨折 ;B组行下肢皮牵引或小夹板固定股骨干骨折。将两组患者 4周内的急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)、脂肪栓塞综合征 (FES)、多器官功能障碍综合征 (MOSF)发生情况及病死率进行比较。结果　经统计学处理 ,两组的并发症 (ARDS、MOSF、FES)发生率及病死率差异有显著性 ,行外固定架治疗组低于行下肢牵引或小夹板固定治疗组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　并股骨干骨折严重多发伤患者早期行外固定架固定股骨 ,在降低病死率、减少并发症发生率方面具有良好效果     

下腔静脉、髂外静脉节段性切除且不重建血管在复杂腹盆腔肿瘤手术中的应用（附视频二维码）

目的总结联合节段性切除下腔静脉、髂外静脉且不重建血管的复杂腹盆腔肿瘤手术的相关经验。方法回顾性分析接受手术治疗且于术中节段性切除了下腔静脉、髂外静脉的11例腹盆腔复杂肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果 11例患者中结直肠癌术后转移3例,肾盂癌并癌栓、淋巴结转移2例,肾盂癌并淋巴结转移1例,输尿管癌并淋巴结转移1例,肾盂癌术后腹盆腔种植1例,宫颈癌术后转移1例,腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤1例,膀胱癌1例。涉及血管的手术包括:下腔静脉节段性切除5例,右侧髂外静脉节段性切除+右侧髂内动静脉节段性切除1例,右侧髂内动静脉节段性切除+左侧髂外静脉节段性切除1例,下腔静脉节段性切除+双侧髂总静脉节段性切除+右侧髂总动脉与髂外动脉人工血管搭桥术1例,下腔静脉节段性切除+右侧髂外动脉静脉节段性切除+右侧髂外动脉人工血管置换1例,髂外静脉节段性切除2例。所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间570(390～900)min,术中输红细胞4(2～15)单位,输血浆600(150～1800)ml,术后住ICU 0(0～517) h。术后5例出现下肢静脉血栓,4例予以保守治疗后下肢水肿逐渐消退,1例予以介入溶栓治疗。结论对于复杂的腹盆腔肿瘤...     

骨盆外固定架在多发伤中的应用

目的观察应用骨盆外固定架治疗多发伤的疗效。方法自2002年12月至2007年12月应用骨盆外固定架治疗合并有骨盆骨折的多发伤17例。结果17例多发伤采用骨盆外固定架治疗后均愈合,未发生压疮等并发症。16例获随访,随访0．5～4．0年。术后符合优级的有14例,良1例,中1例,优良率为93．8％。结论骨盆外固定架治疗合并有骨盆骨折的多发伤伤员能迅速控制出血,减轻伤痛,预防继发的血管、神经损伤、脂肪栓塞综合征和凝血障碍等并发症。     

在腹腔镜下行髂内动脉结扎及置泵10例

目的 探讨腹腔镜髂内动脉结扎及置泵可行性。方法 对10例膀胱癌患者采用经腹腔镜行一侧髂内动脉结扎并植泵，对侧髂内动脉结扎，用于膀胱癌经尿道电切术后的序贯化疗。结果 1例改行开放髂内动脉置泵，9例手术成功。手术时间40～120min，平均65min。出血10～30mL，肠功能恢复6～12h，当日开始灌注化疗药物，术后3d下床活动。带泵2、3a。结论 在腹腔镜下行髂内动脉结扎及置泵具有创伤小、出血少、愈合快等优点，在泌尿外科有很宽广的发展前景。     

标准外伤大骨瓣减压术在防治严重对冲性颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的临床研究

目的探讨标准外伤大骨瓣减压术防治严重对冲性颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的疗效。方法对26例术中出现急性脑膨出的严重对冲性颅脑损伤患者采用标准外伤大骨瓣减压术和术中综合处理措施治疗，与以往行常规大骨瓣减压术中出现急性脑膨出的20例患者进行前瞻性临床对比研究，采用统计学方法分析其疗效。结果标准组术后脑疝恢复和中线恢复者比例显著高于常规组（P〈0．01），切口疝发生率显著低于常规组（P〈0．01）。标准组26例中恢复良好14例（53．8％），死亡4例（15．4％）；常规组20例中恢复良好5例（25．0％），死亡9例（45．0％）。两组恢复良好率和病死率差异均有显著性（P〈0．05），标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术组预后明显优于常规骨瓣开颅手术组。结论标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术能有效防治严重对冲性颅脑损伤术中出现的急性脑膨出，并能改善预后，降低病死率。     

Clinical outcomes of hypogastric artery occlusion for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Purpose: To determine the midterm outcomes of internal iliac artery (IIA) coverage by a stent-graft in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) under specific anatomic and technical circumstances.

Material and methods: From January 2003 until January 2014, 57 patients with aortoiliac aneurysms, including 20 with 24 IIA aneurysms (IIAAs), underwent EVAR with IIA coverage. IIAA diameter change or IIA thrombosis, buttock claudication, type II endoleak, and secondary interventions related to the IIA were studied.

Results: Twenty-five of the 37 patients without IIAA were embolized prior to stent-graft placement, all unilateral, and in 12, the IAA orifice was only overstented. Buttock claudication occurred in only nine (20%) of the embolization patients (9/49 IIA’s) (p?=?.14), while one IIA-related type II endoleak, occurred in the nonembolization group (p?=?.16). In patients with IIAA(s), the aneurysm diameter decreased in 16 cases (67%). Buttock claudication occurred in 75% of bilateral, and in 14.6% of unilateral embolizations (p?=?.046).

Conclusions: Carefully selected patients with aortoiliac aneurysm without IIAA may safely undergo hypogastric artery overstenting without preemptive embolization during EVAR. IIA embolization is associated with buttock claudication and should be avoided if possible. Otherwise, at least one IIA should be preserved.     

Acute celiac artery occlusion secondary to blunt trauma: Two case reports

BACKGROUNDAcute celiac artery (CA) injuries are extremely rare but potentially life-threatening and are more often caused by a penetrating injury rather than a blunt injury. The clinical manifestation of CA injuries is usually atypical, which easily causes missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Currently, there are only a few reports of acute traumatic occlusion of CA. The CA artery gives off branches to dominate the liver, stomach. and spleen; however, occluded CA did not cause significant organ ischemia, and the compensatory blood flow from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) played a pivotal role.CASE SUMMARYHerein, we report two cases of acute CA occlusion secondary to severe blunt trauma. Case one was a 19-year-old male, suffered from a motorcycle crash. He complained of dyspnea, and the closed drainage was performed soon after the hemopneumothorax was confirmed by ultrasound. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed hemopneumothorax, multiple rib fractures, right scapular fracture, and liver rupture. Reexamination with contrast-enhanced CT suggested perihepatic fluid was significantly increased, and CA was occluded. Because the hepatic hemorrhage is associated with hepatic artery injury, the CA was retrogradely opened through the SMA, and then, the right hepatic artery was embolized with coils successfully through the conventional pathway. Stent implantation was not performed, and the CA occlusion was managed by conservative treatment. A follow-up CT scan 3 mo after discharge showed the origin of CA remained occluded. Case two was a 37-year-old man, suffered injury from fall from height. He complained of lower back and bilateral heel pain. Contrast-enhanced CT examination revealed multiple rib fractures, bilateral pneumothorax, fourth lumbar (L4) vertebral burst fracture, and pelvic fractures. Furthermore, a small high-density mass in a lesser peritoneal sac and in front of the abdominal aorta was detected. The reexamination 14 h after admission showed the CA was occluded. The patient was conservatively treated. The symptoms of nausea after meals disappeared about 4 wk later, and abdominal distension was significantly relieved after 6 wk. The abdominal CT angiography at 60 d showed that the CA thrombus was not recanalized.CONCLUSIONPatients with CA occlusion will have different clinical manifestations, and the dominant organ will not have obvious ischemia. Conservative treatment is safe, and the patient’s symptoms will be improved with the establishment of collateral circulation.     

两种预测创伤结局评分法在颅脑外伤中的评估价值

目的 :探讨创伤严重程度评分 (TRISS)和创伤严重程度特征评分 (ASCOT)两种评分法在单纯颅脑外伤中的评估价值。方法 :单纯性颅脑外伤 2 2 8例 ,年龄 4～ 78岁 ,平均 37岁。TRISS和 ASCOT中的生理学参数依据患者入院时的原始记录 ,解剖学损伤定位依据 CT报告和手术记录。应用《创伤评分工具集》计算机软件进行分析评价结局。结果 :2 2 8例患者实际死亡 73例 ,TRISS和 ASCOT敏感性分别为 17.8%和 4 1.1% ,特异性分别为 96 .7%和 96 .8% ,预测阳性率为 72 .2 %和 88.2 % ,预测阴性率为 71.4 %和 77.7% ,错误归类率为2 8.4 %和 2 1.0 % ,正确归类率为 72 .2 %和 78.9%。结论 :TRISS和 ASCOT在单纯性颅脑外伤患者中预测结局的敏感性均较低 ,但相比之下 ASCOT优于 TRISS评分法